Yaroslav Hasek (1883 ~ 1923) was born in Prague. His father is a math teacher in a German private middle school. His salary is meager and his family is poor. /kloc-After losing his father at the age of 0/3, Hasek went to a pharmacy as an apprentice. 1897, when Hasek was a boy of 14 years old, he took part in activities against foreign rulers. He often tore up martial law notices posted by them, tore the land of Austria-Hungary, smashed the windows of reactionary government agencies, and was arrested and imprisoned by the police in the name of "military trial law" for participating in anti-German demonstrations. Hasek/Kloc-entered a secondary business school at the age of 0/6. The head teacher is alois Jirasek, a historical novelist. He often tells anecdotes about Czech national heroes in class, which is very inspiring to Hasek.
After dropping out of business school, Hasek chose writing instead of working in a bank. During his study, he often wrote for People's Daily, and became the editor-in-chief of Commune in 1907. He often went to the mainland to give speeches to miners and textile workers, and was constantly monitored by Austrian-Hungarian agents. He was jailed for a month for resisting arrest. 1908, he summoned the police twice, once because he tried to tear down the flag of Austria-Hungary hanging in Wenselas Square, and once accused him of "disturbing the peace". 19 10, he edited Animal World, and the following year, he was dismissed by the publisher Fox Company for fabricating some fictional animal images. 1903, he joined an anarchist organization, but in 1907, he broke with them flatly.
Hasek is a diligent writer. From 1900 to 1908, he wrote 185 satirical sketches. 1909 began to write short stories, which were first published in Comic Newspaper edited by josef lada (1887 ~ 1957, the painter who illustrated this book). He loved hiking all his life and went deep into the lower classes of Prague. During his literary career of 15 years, he wrote no less than 1000 short stories, and made a merciless response to various ugly phenomena he observed in society. The Good Soldier Shuai Ke was originally published in the form of a series of short stories. In addition, his plays have also been staged.
Just like the handsome characters he created, Hasek himself did many wonderful things in real life that surprised the Austro-Hungarian authorities. 19 1 1 year, when the parliamentary elections were held in Austria-Hungary, Hasek organized a so-called "moderate and peaceful political party within the legal scope" and delivered a "campaign" speech in an inferior pub, which severely criticized the political and social system of Austria-Hungary. Later, he told people that it was to attract customers to that pub. The other happened at the beginning of the First World War. He checked into a hotel in Prague, filled in "Russia hostile to Austria-Hungary" in the column of "nationality" and "activities of spying on the Austrian General Staff" in the column of "What are you doing here". As a result, the stupid police station immediately sent people to surround the hotel, thinking that they could catch an important spy. When the truth came out, the police severely questioned him why he made such a joke during the war. Hasek replied sincerely that he was not at ease about the efficiency of the Austrian police because he wanted to test their vigilance. The policeman was in distress and sentenced him to five days' imprisonment.
19 15 years, one year after the outbreak of World War I, Hasek was drafted into the army and joined the 9th1Infantry Regiment, which belonged to Shuaike. At first, they were stationed in Jeskai-Budiyouvis. In September of that year, the Russian army broke through the defense line and cut off the connection between Hasek's subordinate troops and the main force of Austria-Hungary. Hasek was finally occupied by Russian troops. After being captured, Hasek was first in Kiev and then moved to Tozky at the southern end of the Urals. He didn't stop his literary activities in the prison camp. He became a reporter for Czechoslovakia, a Czech magazine published in Kiev, and continued to write Good Soldier Shuaike. 19 17, this magazine published "Good Soldier and Handsome" separately. He also imitated the English writer Dickens's The Story of Pickwick and wrote Pickwick Club, all of which satirized the fatuity and corruption of the rulers of Austria-Hungary.
At that time, the Russian army organized a Czech regiment among the prisoners to fight the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because Hasek doesn't know yet, he signed up. But later, when the regiment degenerated into an ally of the Russian counter-revolutionary White Guards, the notorious Czechoslovakia Division, and went to the Mara River to oppose the Bolsheviks, Hasek escaped. He's hiding in Morvino, Warhol Valley, Samara County. 19 18, Hasek resolutely joined the Red Army in Kiev, and a month later, he became Bolshevik party member. The reactionaries declared him a "traitor" and ordered him to be wanted. It is said that once he went to Samara to work for the Red Army and was captured by the division. But he managed to escape again. He took an active part in propaganda work and mobilized Czech soldiers in Russia to support the October Revolution. He once participated in the famous Fifth Army of the Red Army in Simbilsk, became the dry team of the army and the party, and later served as the deputy commander of the army in Mashi, Bougourd. 19 19 served as secretary of the party member Committee of Ufa's foreign production, and in the same year served as secretary of the Party Committee of Hongjian Printing Factory. 1920, he was the head of the international team of the Political Department of the Fifth Army of Ren Hongjun. When Hasek was in Irkutsk, he was the leader of German magazine The Knockout, Hungarian magazine Attack and Buryat Mongolian magazine Dawn. Hasek once said in a letter that when he was in Irkutsk, he met a general China who took part in the October Revolution. Hasek learned Chinese from the general and taught him Czech. He wrote with great regret that out of 86,000 Chinese characters in China, he only knew 80. It is said that the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Red Army also asked Hasek to edit a Chinese publication.
1920, a delegation of Czech social democratic parties visited the Soviet Union, and they invited Hasek to return to work. He agreed immediately. In the same year1February, he returned to Prague and wrote an article for Red Power, the left-wing organ of the Social Democratic Party. At that time, the Czech Republic was a newly established Republic. Soon, Hasek was slandered as a "spy" by his political opponents.
But he continued to write "Shuaike Good Soldier" persistently. Unable to find a publisher, 192 1 year, with the support of my friends, I printed the first volume into a book at my own expense and went out to sell it with my friends, which was a great success. He plans to write four volumes. When he started writing the fourth volume, he got malaria. On his deathbed, he continued to write orally. 1923, just after writing the third chapter, he died of heart paralysis and pneumonia. He is under forty years old. His untimely death is a great loss to the Czech Republic, Europe and human progress literature!
Handshake of Good Soldiers is one of the masterpieces in Czech history and has been translated into nearly 30 languages. Hasek has been compared by European critics to Laurie (the author of Legend of the Giants) and Cervantes (the author of Don Quixote) in16th century.
A Good Soldier Shuai Ke describes that an extremely cruel and corrupt empire (Austria-Hungary) enslaved another weak but stubborn nation (Czech people) by force in order to compete for European hegemony, and drove its members to participate in a massacre (World War I) caused by uneven distribution of spoils. The Czech nation, represented by Shuaike, an unparalleled figure, was at a disadvantage. On the surface, it succumbed to Nuo Nuo and loyalty, and even shouted "Long live", but its heart was full of contempt and hatred, thus taking various ways to make the reactionary rulers stubbornly resist in distress. Through the experience of the hero Shuaike, an ordinary soldier, from enlistment to marching to the front during World War I, the author mercilessly exposed and accused the tyranny and incompetence within this bullying empire with a satirical pen-this is the basic content of the excellent satirical novel Shuaike. Fu Qike, the author of the Report under the Gallows, a Czech national hero and an outstanding anti-fascist fighter, once spoke highly of Shuaike's influence, saying that he was "like a bug, very enthusiastic when eating into the reactionary system (Austria-Hungary), although he was not always conscious; He played a role in destroying this oppressive and tyrannical building. "
In a sense, The Elite Handshake can also be said to be a historical novel, because it describes the process of the collapse of Austria-Hungary, one of the oldest dynasties in modern European history. The works were written in strict accordance with the chronological order of the First World War. From the second volume (after Shuaike joined the army, he marched forward from Prague), the situation, events and routes are basically the same as those of the Austro-Hungarian army in that year, and even the name of Shuaike's wing and some characters in his works (Lukasch, Wannick, Dube, etc.) are basically the same. ) are not fictional. However, the value of this book lies not in its loyalty to historical facts, but in the author Hasek's accurate and profound analysis of the reactionary and weak nature of the government, army, court, police, hospital and church of Austria-Hungary with superb cartoon skills. We can see what a dark and cruel prison Austria-Hungary is through the spy Brice Nader who is looking for the arrested object everywhere with the "traitor" hat in his hand, and the military doctor who ignores human life. In order to expose the so-called "clergy" parasites, the author spent a lot of pen and ink to depict the images of Katz and Racine. All the cruelty, filth, absurdity and ugliness of this empire have not escaped Hasek's sharp and pungent pen. He mercilessly exposed all kinds of disasters imposed on the Czech nation by this huge empire and created an ordinary and witty immortal image of Shuaike.
Of course, the most thorough and powerful attack in this novel is the army advertised by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In order to drive the people to be cannon fodder for their decadent regime, the reactionary rulers had to create some hypocritical "sense of honor for soldiers", advocate the militaristic thought of "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism", and use religious anesthesia, political deception, spies and concentration camps to force people, including the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled, into the line of fire. The author vividly describes the sovereignty relationship between officers and men in that army and the military-civilian relationship between the plunderer and the plundered, and reveals that the "friendly forces" pieced together at the last minute are in conflict with each other, and even professional officers despise reserve officers and volunteer officers. Such an army is neither efficient nor disciplined, let alone "morale." The officers retaliated by delaying business with each other, and the soldiers competed to destroy it; The train has left, and the officer is still hiding behind the station to bargain with the prostitute. Such an army is so cruel to "its own people", and those who treat prisoners and enemies are worse than animals. The strength of the novel A Good Soldier is that it convincingly tells us that an unjust army, no matter how large it is, can only fail and perish in the end. After Ya Hasek's death, his friend Carl Vanik finished the whole book, but due to major differences in writing, most of the editions in recent years were deleted.