Anonymous XXXXXXXX

Taking urban river embankment construction as the object, this paper discusses the current social background, analyzes and compares the characteristics of traditional methods and ecological methods of river embankment design, puts forward three ecological design modes and their advantages and disadvantages, and expounds the present situation and future prospect of ecological construction of river embankment in China.

Keywords: bank; Ecology; Design method; domestic situation

Text:

I. Background

The riparian part is a transitional zone where land and water crisscross, which has obvious edge effect. There are active substances, nutrients and energy flow here, which provide habitats for all kinds of living things. Banks in the natural state are often rich in species and high in productivity.

Traditional embankment design is often single?

I. Background

The riparian part of the river is a transitional zone where land and water crisscross, and the edge effect is obvious. Material, nutrients and energy flow actively, providing habitats for a variety of organisms. Embankments in natural state are often rich in species and high in productivity.

Traditional embankment design often uses earth embankment or earth-rock mixture to build high embankment simply from the perspective of flood control. Its advantage is high reliability. After the structural design, the scour resistance of the protective dike is obviously enhanced. For the sections with frequent floods and serious erosion, this design is understandable. However, for the construction of general river banks, this design seems to lack the beautification and greening of the environment, and it also destroys many natural factors that play an important role in ecology, such as destroying the connection between vegetation and river bed, resulting in erosion and transfer.

In addition, as a rare and precious resource of urban landscape, river is also a characteristic element of urban landscape, and its landscape modeling is very necessary. At the same time, the riverside landscape construction will inevitably enhance the land value in the riverside area, and the characteristics of high return on investment in waterfront development will further enhance the demand for urban riverside landscape construction.

Second, the demand-oriented dike ecological construction

As the closest area to the river in the city, the river bank is the connecting line between the city and the river. Its landscape planning is the need to improve the quality of urban life and enrich the urban landscape.

The basic idea of ecological construction is to use the anti-interference and self-repair ability of nature to deal with the relationship between man and nature. The ecological design method is different from the traditional method of replacing nature with artificial structure and form, but adapts to the natural process with natural structure and form.

The ecological connection between the river bank and the river channel realizes the exchange of materials, nutrients and energy: for living things, it provides a suitable habitat; Plant roots can fix soil, branches and leaves can intercept rainwater, filter surface runoff and resist water erosion, thus playing the role of protecting embankment, increasing structural stability of embankment, purifying water quality and conserving water resources, and these roles have been continuously strengthened with the passage of time. At the same time, ecological buildings appear in a natural appearance, easy to live in harmony with the environment, low cost, and do not need long-term maintenance and management.

Third, the ecological design method of river bank

The ecological design of river embankments should follow the principle of ecological design, pay attention to locality, protect and save natural capital, let nature do work and highlight nature, which is mainly reflected in the adaptation to regional climate environment, river geology and geomorphology, hydrological changes, consideration of river ecological environment, treatment of embankment topography, selection of embankment materials and construction methods.

1) artificial class:

The traditional method is to pile up with stones or concrete bricks. On this basis, it can be improved to meet the needs of river landscape design.

A) Block stone or concrete block brick shall be built dry without mortar. In this way, there is a gap between the blocks, which provides space for the later growth of riverside plants. As time goes on, the dike will gradually show its natural characteristics.

B) The embankment is divided into steps, and plants are planted by using the space on the step surface.

Of course, these two improvement methods still have some adverse effects on the existing vegetation along the river bank, and the artificial traces are too obvious.

2) Natural category:

Make full use of the prototype of embankment vegetation, plant vegetation suitable for the growth of river banks directly on the embankment, and use the roots, stems and leaves of plants to stabilize the embankment, prevent erosion, control siltation, and provide habitats for living things.

3) The combination of man-made and nature.

Combining the advantages of the above two methods, it has the stability of artificial structure and natural appearance, quick effect and good ecological benefit. The following are two common types:

A) planting stones for plants

Put the rockfill body composed of stones of different sizes on the soil surface in contact with water, and then insert live branches into the rockfill body to make the slope more stable. Roots can improve strength, and vegetation can cover stones, making the appearance of dams more natural.

B) Socket concrete block used in combination with equipment

Precast concrete blocks are placed in the shallow groove at the bottom of the embankment in a chain mode, then plant cuttings or plants are planted between the concrete blocks and the upper part of the embankment, covered with soil and compacted, and then herbs are planted.

The ecological construction of dikes also has some limitations. For example, using different materials and construction methods, the protection ability of dikes varies greatly, which requires careful analysis by using multidisciplinary knowledge, posing greater challenges to designers; If it is strongly disturbed in the early stage of construction, it will affect the future protection. This also puts forward higher requirements for the ecological design of river banks.

Fourth, the domestic situation.

1) provincial capital city

Nearly 80% provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans have carried out bank landscape planning. (Reference [3])

City Project Name City Project Name

Nanning Diyuan Project for Comprehensive Management of Beijing Changhe Urban Water System

Landscape project along the Yangtze River along Binjiang Avenue in Ningbo, Changsha Xiangjiang Scenic Belt

Chengdu Funan River Greening Project Shanghai Bund and Lujiazui Binjiang Avenue

Fuzhou Minjiang Riverside Park Shenyang Hunhe Tourism Belt

Riverbank landscape of the second sand section of the Pearl River in Guangzhou and the construction of Fenhe Park in Taiyuan, Fangcun Longdi.

Guiyang Nanming River Landscape Greening Project Tianjin Haihe Bank Reconstruction Project

Phase I and Phase II Project of Yangtze River Landscape Corridor on the South Bank of Songhua River in Harbin and Hankou River Beach in Wuhan

Waterfront ecological landscape construction in the middle reaches of Panlong River in Kunming: Xi 'anba River and greening project.

Lanzhou Yellow River Style Line Chongqing Nanbin Road Binjiang Tourist Avenue

Judging from the completion after planning, these urban riverbank landscape projects have been affirmed by the local government and citizens. Among these projects, riverbanks can become the most attractive urban parks in the local area, such as Fenhe Park in Taiyuan and Jiang Bin Park in Fuzhou. The riverbank can also become a hot spot for citizens' daily leisure activities, such as Diluyuan in Nanning and Hankou River Beach Project in Wuhan. The riverbank can also become the most distinctive part of the city, such as Nanbin Road and Binjiang Tourist Avenue in Chongqing. Embankments can also become hot spots of urban tourism, such as the Bund in Shanghai and Binjiang Avenue in Lujiazui. In short, the landscape planning bank has become the most distinctive area in the local area.

Judging from the construction effect, compared with the original appearance of the dike, these landscape projects in the statistical data are relatively successful, which have become the focus of local cities, the achievement projects of local governments and the popular support projects of local people. Through landscape planning, urban riverbanks have effectively improved the environment and promoted the development of riverside areas. However, we must clearly realize that the planning of these urban shoreline landscape projects is not perfect, and there are still some problems that need to be improved.

2) Small and medium-sized cities

The strong economic strength of a city determines the high standard and level of its urban construction.

There is a big gap between the riverside landscape of small and medium-sized cities and the cities in statistical data, and there are many problems. Especially due to the problem of funds, the embankment landscape is a purely artificial reinforced concrete embankment or an earth-rock embankment that maintains a natural flood control state. Without landscape planning, it is easy to cause great waste of urban resources.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) foreground

At present, the river landscape construction in China, especially the urban river landscape construction, is in the ascendant. It is also an enduring topic in developed countries. Looking back on the history of river landscape construction in developed countries, since the 1970s, with the general enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, it has become the call of the times to attach importance to the ecological function of river landscape, and the ecological design method of river landscape construction has also received unprecedented attention and development. We can learn from the mature ideas and practices that have been formed in developed countries, take fewer detours, and catch the rumble of ecological construction.