The superscript of the reference (citing footnotes or endnotes) is a supplementary explanation to the text. Footnotes are usually located at the bottom of the page as comments on the content of the document; Endnotes are generally located at the end of the document, listing the source of the reference. Since it is a description of the text, it should be placed in the place where the text is explained, that is, before the period.

Papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on.

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

All relevant parts of the paper were copied out. After inspection, there is no problem. Put it in the book and add a cover. The cover of the paper should be concise and generous, and the title, school, department, instructor's name, author's name and completion date should be written. The title and author's name of the paper must be written on the surface, not on the supplementary page inside.

Matters needing attention in writing paper abstracts:

1. Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction as a summary, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.

2. Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The contents should not be displayed, examples should not be cited, and the research process should not be introduced.

3. The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) elaborated in the paper cannot be omitted, and it should be written into a short article that can be used independently.

4. Abstracts are generally not segmented, and linking is prohibited. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.