Starting from the basic concept of surveying and mapping technology, this paper analyzes the development status of engineering surveying and mapping technology, and probes into the practical application of surveying and mapping technology, so as to provide reference for the application of surveying and mapping technology in engineering construction.
Digitization of keywords; Engineering construction; Surveying and mapping technology; App application
Surveying and mapping technology mainly relies on space science, information science, communication technology, network technology and computer technology, combined with remote sensing technology, geographic information technology and global positioning system. , measure ground lines and feature points, and display them in the form of data or graphics. Surveying and mapping technology provides scientific basis for many fields, especially in engineering construction. In the process of engineering construction, three-dimensional images, topographic maps and information data of ground surrounding environment, location information and elevation are output on the interactive terminal through surveying and mapping, which provides reference for managers, designers and planners.
First, the development trend of surveying and mapping technology in engineering construction
1. visualization. In modern engineering construction, the effective combination of visualization technology and GIS technology makes data and images more efficient and intuitive, and then provides reference for the design, planning, decision-making and construction of engineering infrastructure, which can effectively improve accuracy and work efficiency. It can be seen that the application of 3D GIS visualization technology in the field of engineering surveying and mapping can promote the reform and innovation of engineering surveying and mapping technology and benefit the development of national economy.
2. smart. With the development of science and technology, intelligent robots have been applied to different industries to carry out high-risk and high-precision operations. Therefore, the introduction of drones and robots into modern surveying and mapping projects can promote the intelligent development of surveying and mapping technology, which not only avoids the errors caused by manual measurement, but also ensures the accuracy of surveying and mapping, effectively reducing the labor intensity of construction personnel.
3. automation. With the continuous development of automation technology such as remote sensing technology and GPS global positioning technology, it will certainly promote the development of engineering surveying and mapping. GPS positioning technology can monitor all corners of the restricted area around the clock, realize high-density positioning of the restricted area, meet the requirements of transmission and collection of dynamic and static maps, and remotely operate satellites through smoke sensing technology, thus completing the monitoring and measurement task of a certain area.
Second, the application of surveying and mapping technology in engineering construction
(a) digital photogrammetry
Digital photogrammetry technology is the synthesis of photogrammetry technology and digital image technology. It uses different strategies and theories such as analog recognition, image matching, image digital processing and computer technology to extract the subject through digital strategy and express physical and geometric information. Among them, the process of image information collection is basically the same as that of traditional survey photography, which basically uses photography technology to collect the ground influence and reconstruct the three-dimensional terrain model indoors so that it can be mapped to the model. The difference between the two is that digital photogrammetry adopts digital strategy in data acquisition, processing, storage and product formation, so it has good portability and high accuracy, and has a large amount of data processing, storage and acquisition.
(2) Digital mapping technology
The traditional manual drawing strategy has a large workload. Before drawing, we should do a good job in surveying and mapping large-scale topographic maps and engineering drawings. The workload in the field is heavy, the working conditions are difficult, the procedures are complex and easy to make mistakes. In the industry, the amount of data processing is relatively large, and the manual drawing strategy is adopted, so the drawing time is relatively long. With the continuous development of engineering surveying and mapping technology, digital mapping can be used instead of traditional mapping. Digital mapping mainly includes two ways: electronic tablet and field integration, of which the more common way is field integration. Digital drawing method mainly has the following characteristics.
1. can meet the needs of different scales. If topographic maps need different scales, traditional mapping methods need to draw and measure many times, while digital mapping methods can scale the scale according to the specific requirements of the project, which can greatly shorten the mapping time and obviously improve the work efficiency.
2. The work efficiency is relatively high. In the wild, because the division of labor is clear, the staff can perform their duties, so it is easy to manage, the work efficiency is greatly improved, and it also lays the foundation for later surveying and mapping.
3. High accuracy. In the field data collection, the commonly used instrument is total station, which can automatically collect and store the three-dimensional coordinate data of feature points, reduce manual recording, reading and observation, reduce the errors caused by human factors to a certain extent, greatly improve the drawing accuracy and obviously reduce the labor intensity of staff.
(B) the original digital processing technology
Usually, the corresponding GIS system can only be established after the original map is digitized, but in practical work, surveying and mapping instruments can be used, for example, digital instruments can be used to digitize the original map. At present, there are mainly the following data input methods.
1. Scan vectorization input technology. That is, the image is scanned by a scanner and the spatial position of the object is determined by vector tracking technology. With the continuous development of science and technology, vectorization software and scanners are constantly improving and upgrading. In the process of vectorization input, MAPCAD software has the advantages of clear image acquisition and convenient conversion and editing, and is a commonly used digital processing software in vectorization input. In work, tracking and scanning are generally done manually, so people are the main factor affecting the accuracy of maps. In order to obtain high-precision and high-quality topographic maps and make them meet the relevant requirements of China's digital soil survey standards, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive quality of operators, including basic operating skills, work attitude and moral quality.
2. Manual tracking digital input technology. Use hand-held tracking digitizer to define the coordinates of polygon boundaries, linear elements and point elements, or directly intercept vector data, or use tracking digitizer to track linear and point information in paper topographic maps, and then use computer software to further digitize graphic information. In the current project, the commonly used strategy is hand-tracking digital input technology, but the hand-tracking digitizer is labor-intensive and the input speed is slow, so with the development of science and technology, people begin to use automatic tracking digitizer instead of traditional manual operation, and the input speed is obviously improved.
3.GPS input technology. Mainly through GPS technology, the information of ground objects is collected and the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of ground objects are defined. Data can be directly input into the database without conversion, and then the graphics can be digitally converted. GPS input technology uses GPS satellites to complete data collection and observation, so it can realize real-time data tracking with high efficiency and high degree of automation.
Three. conclusion
Surveying and mapping technology plays an important role in the process of engineering construction. The precision of surveying and mapping and the advanced technology will directly affect the future project management and design. With the gradual application of GPS technology and GIS technology, in the future engineering surveying and mapping work, surveying and mapping technology will be fully automated, which can not only improve the market competitiveness of surveying and mapping units, but also provide scientific reference for the management and design of engineering construction.
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