Literature review is the result of information research, which is based on reading, selecting, comparing, classifying, analyzing and synthesizing the literature, and the researcher comprehensively describes the research status of a certain problem in his own language. The collection, arrangement and analysis of literature laid the foundation for the writing of literature review.

Literature review formats generally include:

Literature review and introduction:

Including the reason, significance, literature scope, text title and basic content overview;

Literature review text:

It is the main content of literature review, including history (seeking the development course of research problems), present situation, basic content (seeking the progress of understanding), analysis of research methods (seeking the reference of research methods), solved problems and remaining problems, and paying close attention to the current influence and development trend in detail, so that researchers can not only determine the research direction, but also facilitate others to understand the starting point and breakthrough point of this research, which is based on others' research.

Literature review conclusion:

The conclusion of literature research, summarizing my own research viewpoints, existing different opinions and problems to be solved.

Appendix to literature review:

List the references and explain the materials on which the literature review is based, so as to increase the credibility of the review and facilitate readers' further retrieval.

First, literature review should not be a repetition, listing and general introduction of existing literature, but a critical analysis and comment on the advantages and disadvantages and contributions of previous studies. Therefore, the literature review should contain the dual meanings of comprehensive refining and analytical review.

Literature review model essay 1: Research on "Problem-Inquiry-Communication" primary school mathematics teaching mode

We have browsed hundreds of teaching modes on the Internet, downloaded more than 200 articles about teaching modes and learned more than 50 articles. To sum up, China's classroom teaching model can be divided into three categories:

(1) Traditional teaching mode-"teacher-centered theory". The main theoretical basis of this teaching mode is behaviorism learning theory, which has long been the mainstream mode of school teaching in China. Its advantages are ... its disadvantages are ......

(2) Modern teaching mode-"student-centered theory". The main theoretical basis of this teaching mode is constructivism learning theory, which advocates student-centered teaching ideas, teaching design, teaching methods and teaching management. Since 1990s, with the application of information technology in teaching, information technology has developed rapidly. Its advantages are ... its disadvantages are ......

(3) The teaching mode with complementary advantages-"the dominant subject theory". This teaching mode is teacher-oriented, student-centered, taking the advantages of behaviorism and constructivism learning theories and abandoning their shortcomings, which is the sublation of "teacher-centered theory" and "student-centered theory". The "leading-subject" teaching mode embodies dialectical materialism epistemology, but there is no effective and operable teaching method and mode in teaching practice.

The traditional teacher-centered primary school mathematics teaching model can be expressed as "reviewing and introducing-imparting new knowledge-summarizing-consolidating exercises-assigning homework". This teaching mode undoubtedly limits the role of students as the main body of learning. At present, the advanced mathematics teaching mode in primary schools can be expressed as "creating situations, asking questions-discussing problems, proposing plans-exchanging plans, solving problems-simulating exercises, applying problems-summing up and perfecting understanding". This teaching mode strives to attach importance to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students, which is accepted by teachers and applied to teaching practice. However, this teaching mode limits students' learning to the classroom, and the way of learning is to do mathematics for the sake of mathematics. Mathematics has not been combined with life, and students' learning mathematics has not been placed in a vast life time and space. Students' ability to solve problems from multiple angles and ways is limited, especially their ability to creatively solve mathematical problems in life is limited, which is not conducive to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. To this end, we put forward the topic of "primary school mathematics-problem-inquiry-communication teaching model research".

In the document review model 1, the researcher made a comprehensive and systematic understanding of related research fields, and made a critical analysis and comment on related documents. For researchers engaged in a certain subject, consulting literature helps them to grasp the development history and present situation of their own research field as a whole, the main research achievements, controversial places, the latest research directions and trends, areas neglected by researchers, and suggestions for further research work.

Literature Review Mode 2: Research on Autonomous Learning Methods of Rural Middle School Students

1. Research status abroad

There are many self-study methods abroad. The procedural learning method proposed by American psychologist Skinner makes learning relatively easy and is beneficial to students' autonomous learning. The trial-and-error learning method created by American psychologist Thorndike mainly solves the problems in learning. There are also super learning methods, such as searching, asking, reading, taking notes, reviewing, suggesting and so on.

2. Domestic research status

Since ancient times, China has attached great importance to the study of self-study methods, such as "learning from time to time" and "learning from time to time". Mr. Ye Shengtao, a modern educator in China, advocates cultivating students' self-study ability. Comrade Lu Zhongheng, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, first put forward the "self-study counseling teaching method". The main advantage of this method is that Chinese teaching in Wei Shusheng advocates improving students' learning. ...

The above research experience at home and abroad provides valuable experience for our research.

Starting from model article 2 of literature review, this paper lists the discussion and practice of self-study methods by representative experts and scholars at home and abroad, and summarizes the advantages of some contents. After choosing a major research direction, before determining a specific research topic, consulting a large number of documents to understand the relevant research situation will help researchers to clarify the research content through comparative analysis, determine the research scope of the topic, and better control and grasp the topic. However, the literature review lacks critical analysis and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of theories and practices held by experts and scholars, especially the comprehensive refining and analysis of the research status at home and abroad.

Second, the literature review should be concise, try to avoid quoting a large number of original texts, make the author's views clear in his own language, and draw general conclusions from the original texts.

The purpose of literature review is to point out the current research status, problems that should be further solved and future development direction through in-depth analysis of past and present research results, and to comment on various research results according to relevant scientific theories, combined with specific research conditions and actual needs, and put forward their own views, opinions and suggestions. It should be pointed out that literature review is not a simple introduction and listing of previous research results, but a scientific research work in which the author systematically summarizes the progress of a certain research field at a certain stage after careful reading, and puts forward his own opinions in combination with the specific situation and actual needs of his own region.

Third, literature review is not a database. It should closely focus on the "problems" of the subject research and ensure that the existing research results are directly related to the subject research. Its content is closely organized around the theme, which can not only systematically and comprehensively reflect the history, present situation and trend of the research object, but also reflect all aspects of the research content.

Literature Review Mode 3: Experimental Study on the Methods of Mental Health Education in Rural Primary and Secondary Schools

Review of the research status of this topic at home and abroad: 1998 International Mental Health Association emphasizes "the definition of health ..."

The initiator of the mental health movement is C. Bierce of the United States. Maslow's humanism emphasizes "self-realization"; Ferram put forward the "new person theory"; Ault put forward the "mature man theory" ......

The United States is the first country to provide psychological counseling as part of school education. On 1984, the Ministry of Education of the former Soviet Union promulgated the Regulations on Psychological Counseling in Ordinary Schools in the Soviet Union. Japan is also actively introducing American psychological counseling. ......

Mental health education in China started late. It started in some areas and schools in the 1980s, and only in the 1990s did junior high schools really start. China Youth Research Center and China Youth Development Foundation conducted a large-scale nationwide survey, and published the results on June 7th 1997, which aroused the shock of Chinese people, especially the education sector. ...

1988, the central government issued the notice on reforming and strengthening moral education in primary and secondary schools. On February 20th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights and Interests of the Child ... 1993. The National Education Work Conference clearly stated that "mental health education should be given to students of different ages in various ways ..." The State Education Commission. It should be said that from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s, Shanghai's mental health education in primary and secondary schools was at the forefront of the country. 1994 Shanghai municipal education commission issued relevant documents and published relevant teaching materials. But they put most of their energy into city students. At the same time, Beijing Xicheng District has become a "psychological education center". Teacher Ding Rong took the lead in doing a lot of work, but mainly urban students. There are great differences between rural students and urban students in living, learning and other conditions, and their mental health level is also very different, but so far no one has put forward the experience of shaping the methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools. Therefore, the ways and methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools are worth studying.

As can be seen from the literature review mode 3, the members of the research group read a lot of materials. However, there are few summaries about "ways and methods of mental health education". There is not much analysis on the difference of mental health between rural students and urban students. The characteristics of "countryside" are unclear, and "methods and ways" are unclear. This will bring trouble to the later research direction and design.

Fourth, the literature review should be comprehensive, accurate and objective. It is best to use opinions and arguments for comments from a single document, and try to avoid using others' explanations or reviews of the original documents.