With the continuous development of science and technology and global marketing, the logistics industry has been expanded unprecedentedly, but the management level is not good.
Intermittent improvement shows the leap and diversity of the logistics industry. After decades of development since the reform and opening up, the logistics industry in China has
A relatively reasonable logistics system has been initially formed, which has played a positive role in social and economic development. Because the logistics industry in China is just
Just getting rid of the shackles of the planned economy system, a relatively complete system has not yet been formed, and there is no management system to adapt to the development of the logistics industry.
After the establishment of the logistics service system lags behind, which greatly restricts the development of China's logistics industry. In today's economic globalization.
Nowadays, the logistics industry in China is facing the competition of large-scale landing of foreign logistics enterprises. McKinsey & Company, an internationally renowned management consulting organization, made goods in China.
After China's entry into WTO, the logistics industry has been listed as one of the hardest hit industries. This paper briefly compares the development of logistics industry at home and abroad.
Analyze the gap between them.
Understanding and concept of logistics
In Europe, America and Japan, the concept of logistics has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts. As early as during the Second World War, American troops fought for victory.
The effective dispatch of military materials, the use of operational research theory and methods, and the overall arrangement of human transport capacity have formed the initial embryonic form in the world.
"Logistics" phenomenon. In Japan, although the concept of logistics was formed much later than in the United States, it developed rapidly. Japan has been the United States since 1956.
Since the concept of logistics was introduced into China, logistics has been called "the circulation of things" on the basis of investigating domestic logistics.
Departments related to manufacturing are inseparable from logistics, and the eye-catching slogan "justintime" can be seen everywhere on the streets of Japan.
Logistics delivery vehicles are racing. Although China began to study logistics in the 1980s, it only stayed in academic circles, and people were interested in things.
The understanding of the whole process is still very vague. In terms of service awareness, foreign companies are far ahead in both theory and practice.
The concept of "customer is God" was first put forward by the Japanese, and it is this concept that makes Japanese companies and
The JIT theory of logistics distribution will be put forward by the theoretical circle, which will adapt to the changes of customer demand in different periods and adopt different logistics development.
Strategy. Due to China's long-term planned economic system, it is difficult for many enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, to truly establish a "customer-oriented" system.
On the concept of "service". This conceptual gap can be understood from two aspects. On the one hand, as far as logistics companies are concerned, it is not good.
Considering what the purpose of modern logistics industry is, I basically just think about how to earn more money from customers; On the other hand, as far as customers are concerned,
Nor did it consider the function of the production enterprise, thinking that rich water does not flow outside the field.
Logistics personnel training
Human resource is an important issue that affects the development of logistics. Our logistics companies are basically transformed from transportation and warehousing.
Obviously, there is a lack of professional managers, professional technicians and managers who know both management and business.
Only. With the establishment of the socialist market economy, although China's logistics education has also made some achievements, on the whole,
Logistics education in China is still very backward, and there are only a handful of universities offering logistics education-related disciplines, especially postgraduate education.
Without morality, vocational education is difficult to develop. The shortage of professionals is an important factor restricting the development of modern logistics industry in China. Japan and Europe
The United States has formed a complete education and training system for logistics talents. First, logistics-related disciplines have been set up in universities, including
Offering logistics courses in related disciplines; Secondly, set up logistics discipline direction in graduate school to form logistics postgraduate training system; once again
It is the most important, economical and practical for enterprises, logistics associations and societies to carry out logistics vocational education, which is widely spread to all walks of life.
Talent training mode.
Technical level of logistics specialty
The development of logistics industry depends not only on the level of economic development, but also on the level of scientific and technological development.
In other countries, the development of computer technology, especially microcomputer technology and application software, provides enterprises with effective auxiliary management means.
With the popularization and application of computers, advanced logistics management technologies such as MRP, DRP, Kan-Ban (Kanban System) and JIT have been produced and obtained.
Application, thus promoting the integration process of logistics activities. In order to meet the requirements of logistics internationalization, diversified service forms and rapid response, logistics information system and electronic data exchange technology, as well as Internet, bar code, satellite positioning system and radio frequency technology.
Technology has been widely used in logistics field. However, the application of logistics computer in China is relatively low, and in most cases it is still only
Limited to daily transaction processing, many problems closely related to each link in logistics and information processing are relatively backward, as shown in the table.
At present, the scientific and technological content of logistics operations is not high, and many of them are inefficient manual operations; Forklift trucks, road cranes, automatic guided vehicles,
Automatic sorters have not been widely used in logistics operations. In logistics management, it is inevitable to rely mainly on manual experience to operate.
Mistakes will inevitably affect the quality and efficiency of logistics management.
Development environment and management system of logistics industry
First, the role of the government in the development of the logistics industry. In the process of logistics development in the United States, Japan and Europe, we can clearly see politics.
The government makes plans for the development of domestic logistics and puts forward implementation principles to guide the development of the industry; At the same time, we must formulate necessary policies and regulations.
Monitor, coordinate and manage logistics to promote the development of market economy and logistics industry. In Japan, due to the similarity between enterprises and the government,
Efforts have made logistics management advance by leaps and bounds, and Japan has quickly become an advanced country in logistics management. In our country, things now.
The mobile management system is unreasonable, the degree of specialization and socialization is low, and laws and regulations on land use and transportation need to be established and strengthened.
Therefore, as the main body of investment in logistics infrastructure, the government not only provides an infrastructure platform for logistics distribution, but also needs to play a political role.
The leading, planning and coordinating role of the government ensures fair and effective competition in the logistics market. From all over the world, many governments have successively promulgated.
Relevant policies to promote the development of the logistics industry have been introduced one after another, which on the one hand reflects the importance attached to the development of logistics, on the other hand shows the shortcomings of the country.
Lack of unified logistics planning, so far, China does not have a complete set of national industrial policies and industrial planning to develop the logistics industry.
Local governments should consider local interests when planning logistics, which will inevitably delay cross-regional, cross-industry and national reunification.
Establish a logistics market.
Secondly, infrastructure construction and perfect and efficient transportation system are the basic platforms for the operation of logistics industry. The transportation industry in the United States is extremely
Developed, a huge railway, highway, aviation, inland river and pipeline transportation network has been established.
Transportation ranks first in the world. In the stage of logistics modernization and modernization, the Japanese government has carried out expressway networks and ports all over the country.
The construction of port facilities, circulation gathering places, logistics centers and other logistics facilities in the metropolitan area has made Japan a thing in a short time.
Flowing to developed countries. China's logistics enterprises have both congenital defects and acquired imbalances, and the logistics infrastructure construction is relatively backward.
The development foundation is very weak, the number of existing logistics centers is very small, the enterprise facilities are backward and the functions are incomplete, which does not meet the standards of modern logistics centers.
That must be a long way. The quality and coverage of railways and highways in China are far less than those in economically developed countries.
Logistics standardization and informatization
With the development of economic globalization, after China joined the WTO, China's logistics enterprises are facing the impact of a large number of foreign logistics enterprises in China.
The grim situation of landing, in order to meet the needs of international competition, shorten the gap with foreign countries and improve the ability to resist shocks, plus
Strengthening the cooperation of related enterprises and realizing the standardization and informatization of logistics are based on the fact that the logistics cost in China is 1-2 times higher than that in developed countries.
It has greatly affected the growth of economic benefits in China, and the bottleneck restricting the development of modern logistics industry in China is the standard.
Standardized logistics not only reduces the work difficulty and logistics loss, but also reduces the comprehensive cost of logistics, which makes logistics enterprises
Can provide customers with efficient and low-cost services. China's standardization construction is relatively backward, and the concept of standardization and standardized management is weak.
Weak, so that China logistics industry is fragmented, enterprises do not consider the system, and the system does not consider the supply chain. Information management is e-commerce.
The basic characteristics of logistics under service mode are the guarantee of logistics modernization and socialization. Due to the widespread use of barcode technology, Europe,
The United States and Japan are at the forefront in logistics coding standards. Both the informationization of the logistics industry and the informationization of the whole society are developed.
Countries are far ahead. China's informatization has a high starting point and rapid development, but there is still a big gap compared with developed countries.