Guo Moruo (1892 ~ 1978) is a contemporary poet, playwright, historian and ancient philologist. Formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, his pen names are Guo and Macon. People from Leshan, Sichuan.
During his primary and secondary school years, Guo Moruo extensively read Chinese and foreign literary works and participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement.
19 14 studied medicine in Japan at the beginning, and came into contact with the works of Tagore, Heine, Goethe, Spinoza and others, tending to pantheism. Influenced by the May 4th Movement, Guo Moruo engaged in literary activities with the enthusiasm of transforming society and rejuvenating the nation, and began to publish new poems and novels in 19 19. 1920, the collection of letters by Tian Han and Zong Baihua was published. Goddess, a collection of poems published by 192 1, created a poetic style of "one generation" with strong revolutionary spirit, distinctive color of the times, romantic artistic style and bold free verse. In the summer of the same year, he started the creation society with Cheng, Yu Dafu. 1923 After graduating from university, he abandoned medicine and went back to Shanghai to edit publications such as Creation Weekly. From 65438 to 0924, I got a systematic understanding of Marxism by translating Kawakami's book Social Organization and Social Revolution. 1926 served as the liberal arts senior of Guangdong University (later renamed Sun Yat-sen University). In July, he joined the army to participate in the Northern Expedition, and then participated in the Nanchang Uprising. At the beginning of 1929, he participated in advocating the proletarian revolutionary literature movement. During this period, he wrote novels such as "Wandering Trilogy" and essays such as "Six Chapters", which were full of subjective and lyrical personality. He has also published poems such as Starry Sky, Bottle, Thousand Cats and Restoration, and written works such as historical dramas, historical novels and literary papers. Since 1928, Guo Moruo has lived in exile in Japan for 10 years. During this period, he studied China's ancient history and ancient philology from the perspective of historical materialism, and wrote books such as China's Ancient Society Research and Oracle Bone Inscriptions Research, which made outstanding achievements and opened up a new world of historical research. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Guo Moruo left his wife and sneaked back to the motherland to prepare the Wang Jiu Daily, and served as the director of the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government and the director of the Cultural Work Committee, responsible for the cultural propaganda of the Anti-Japanese War. In the meantime, he created six historical dramas, such as Flowers of Tang Di and Qu Yuan, which fully showed the romantic features, which was another great achievement of his creation. These dramas use the past as a metaphor for the present, closely matching the real struggle. 1944 wrote "Three Centennial Festival of Shen Jia", which summarized the historical experience and lessons of Li Zicheng peasant uprising. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he persisted in opposing dictatorship and civil war under the condition that his life was constantly threatened. The struggle for democracy and freedom.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Guo Moruo successively served as Vice Premier of the State Council, President of China Academy of Sciences, President of China University of Science and Technology, Director of Philosophy and Social Sciences Department of China Academy of Sciences, and Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), mainly engaged in political and social activities and leadership of cultural organizations, as well as world peace, foreign friendship and exchanges. At the same time, he continued his literary and artistic creation, including historical drama Cai Wenji and Wu Zetian, poetry anthology Ode to Xinhua, Hundred Flowers Blossom, Camel Collection, notes on literary papers, Li Bai and Du Fu, etc. Guo Moruo wrote poems, essays, novels, historical plays, biographies, reviews and many other works all his life, and made great contributions to China's scientific and cultural undertakings in many aspects. He is another glorious banner on the cultural front of China after Lu Xun. The collection of works is 17-volume Collected Works of Mo Ruo (1957 ~ 1963). The newly compiled Complete Works of Guo Moruo is divided into three parts: literature (20 volumes), history and archaeology, and has been published since 1982. Many works have been translated into Japanese, Russian, English, German, Italian, French and other languages.
Hong Xiao, female,1911June 2 ~19421October 22, occupation: cultural field, area: Hulan County, Harbin City.
[Introduction] A well-known female writer in China, formerly known as Zhang Naiying and pen name Yinqiao, was born in Hulan, Heilongjiang. 1933, he and Jun Xiao published their first collection of works "Trekking" at their own expense. With the help and support of Lu Xun, 1935 published the famous book Field of Life and Death (starting with the pen name Xiao Hong), the literary world of fireflies. 1936, in order to get rid of mental troubles, he traveled to Japan and wrote an essay "Lonely Life" and a long poem "Sand" in Tokyo. 1940, he arrived in Hongkong with Duanmu Hongliang, and soon published the novella Ma Bole and the famous novel Hulan River Biography. 194 1 year 65438+February 8, the Pacific War broke out and the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong and Kowloon. Xiao Hong, who was seriously ill, fell in Kowloon. Finally died in this temporary hospital.
This autobiographical lyrical woman writer has been advancing along the ideological road of anti-feudalism. She enriched the garden of modern literary circles in China with beautiful prose and unique prose novels, and became an outstanding female writer with style in the history of new literature in China.
[Resume]191/kloc-0 was born in a landlord family in Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province on June 2;
1925, entered the first girls' high school in this county;
1927 entered the first girls' middle school in Harbin East Special Zone.
From 65438 to 0933, Xiao Hong began to engage in literary creation, and successively published short stories, essays and poems in the Supplement of Datong Society and Night Whistle of Datong Daily, such as Abandoned Children, Two Frogs, Little Black Dog, Dumb Old Man, Night Wind, Leaves and Prose. From the beginning of her creative career, she turned her attention to the vast number of enslaved and exploited working people;
1September, 934, writing the novel "The Field of Life and Death".
1935 65438+ 10, Xiao Hong wrote the short story "Little Six" again, and completed the collection of essays in May, and wrote essays such as Listed Street, One Night and Early Winter before and after. Regret for the Past is an autobiographical lyric prose collection.
1936, went to Japan alone, and wrote short stories The Story of Wang Si, The Red Orchard, On the Oxcart, and prose collections Lonely Life and People Outside Home.
1937 65438+ 10, Xiao Hong returned to Canada from Tokyo. On the eve of returning to China, he finished writing the group poem "Sand" in Tokyo on June 3, 65438/KLOC-0. Xiao Hong wrote 60 poems, such as Bitter Cup, Sand, Poems for Grave Sacrifice, Commemorating Maple Leaf, Accidental Memories, Quiet, Planting Flowers, Park, Spring Tune, Poem Group (six poems * * *) and A Grain of Mud. It was not until 1980 that it was published by the comrades of Lu Xun Museum.
1937 10 Xiao hong and Xiao Jun followed the Shanghai intellectuals to retreat to Wuhan. In Wuhan, Hao founded July with Hu Feng, Jun Xiao, Duanmu Hongliang and others. She wrote some essays, such as Little Life and Soldiers, Beyond the Line of Fire (Chapter II), The Completion of a Railway, Ignorance at the End of 1929 and the only critical article in her life, Daughter of the Earth and Turbulent Times.
1938 65438+ 10, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun arrived in Linfen, Shanxi Province from Wuhan to teach at the National Revolutionary University. During this period, I wrote an essay "Remember the Deer and the Land Couple". In February, Xiao Hong went to Xi 'an by train with the Northwest Field Service Corps led by Ding Ling via fenglingdu. On the train, Xiao Hong cooperated with Seck, Duanmu Hongliang and Nie Gannu to create a three-act drama "Assault" describing the anti-Japanese struggle of Shanxi farmers. This is the first time that Xiao Hong has written a play.
1940 65438+ 10, Xiao Hong and Duanmu Hongliang went to Hong Kong from Chongqing. During her stay in Hong Kong, she wrote two novels "Biography of Hulan River and Ma Bole", a novella "March in a Small Town", and a collection of essays "Letters to Exiled Compatriots in Northeast China", "Letters to My Brother on September 18th" and short stories "North China".
194 1 year 65438+February 8, the Pacific War broke out and the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong and Kowloon. Xiao Hong, who was seriously ill, fell in Kowloon. Finally, he died in this temporary hospital1942 65438+1October 22nd. At this time, she was only thirty-one years old.
[Main Achievements] Summary of Xiao Hong's main works:
Xiao Hong and Saburo (Xiao Jun) co-wrote Trekking, which concentrated Xiao Hong's short poem Haruka and five short stories.
Life and death field (novel)
Shangshi Street (Prose Collection)
Bridge (a collection of essays and short stories), signed.
On the Oxcart (Essays and Short Stories)
The cry of the wilderness (collection of short stories)
Xiao hong's prose
Recall Mr. Lu Xun
Ma Bole (novel)
Biography of Hulan River (novel)
March in a small town (novella)