Farmland GIS database system
Database is the basis of precision agriculture farmland geographic information system. The data comes from geographical background, background investigation, real-time farmland collection and economic data. The main databases are:
(1) Geographical background database: Beijing experimental demonstration site (administrative district), Xiaotangshan experimental demonstration site (administrative district), 1: 1000 topographic map and all-factor base map, agricultural facilities, popular science (weather station), boundary, topography, land use (cultivated land, garden)
(2)GPS database: GPS control points, GPS point data of sampling points such as soil, environment and moisture;
(3) Soil database: soil type, soil profile, soil texture, thickness of plough layer and layer A, soil nutrient leaching, soil bulk density, soil nutrients (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium), and soil trace elements (boron, manganese, copper, zinc, etc.). ), soil water content, soil permeability and so on.
(4) Environmental database: water (well water), soil, plants, air, etc. , and analysis of lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter, organic phosphorus and other projects;
(5) Meteorological data: latitude and longitude, altitude, sunshine hours, daily average temperature, daily extreme temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, daily precipitation, water vapor pressure, etc.
(6) Crop database: crop species, crop varieties, ecological adaptability, growth and development, agronomic morphology, resistance, quality, crop nutritional requirements (moisture, nutrients, etc. ), pests and diseases, etc. ;
(7) Database of agricultural production conditions: fertilizer input, irrigation conditions, planting area, planting system, yield level, pesticide dosage, price, etc.
(8) Chemical fertilizer and pesticide database: product name, price, shape, function, etc.
(9) Image database: aerial photos, satellite data, etc.
Spatial analysis system of precision agriculture
Precision agriculture needs a special spatial analysis program to make decisions on agricultural operations such as fertilization, irrigation, sowing, weeding and pest control, and needs to develop spatial analysis software suitable for China's national conditions. This spatial analysis includes:
(1) Spatial distribution of crop yield;
(2) Spatial distribution of soil nutrients;
(3) Spatial distribution of soil moisture;
(4) Spatial analysis of soil trace elements;
(5) Spatial analysis of crop demand;
(6) Environmental space analysis, etc.
And comprehensive analysis. It is one of the information sources of expert system and the spatial distribution carrier of decision-making results of expert system. The system must be accurate and reliable, which is convenient for agricultural machinery to implement.
Precision agriculture was first applied to large farms in developed countries. The most basic technical route and principle is to accurately adjust the management measures and material input according to the specific conditions of each operation unit in the field on the basis of fully understanding the land resources and crop groups, so as to obtain the maximum economic benefits. Therefore, it is also suitable for agricultural production in counties, townships (towns) and villages in China. GIS has played a great role in the transformation of developed countries from traditional model to precision agriculture development model. Using GIS, we can manage farmland land data, query data such as soil, natural conditions, crop seedlings and crop yield, and draw various agricultural thematic maps conveniently. It can also collect, edit and statistically analyze different types of spatial data. In precision agriculture, GIS can be used to draw crop yield distribution map and analyze agricultural thematic map. Through the overlay function provided by GIS, different agricultural thematic data are combined into a new data set. For example, the relationship between soil types, topography and crop cover can be easily analyzed by superimposing the data of soil types, topography and crop cover and establishing the spatial relationship between them.
At present, geographic information system has entered a new stage of development, becoming a new information industry including hardware production, software development, data acquisition, spatial analysis and consulting services. On the one hand, the development of GIS technology is based on the client/server structure, that is, the client can call the data and programs on the server at its terminal. On the other hand, InternetGIS or Web-GIS can be developed through the Internet, which can realize remote search of various geospatial data, including graphics and images, and can conduct various geospatial analysis. This development is to further integrate GIS with information superhighway through modern communication technology, and organically integrate remote sensing (RS), global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) with the help of communication technology, which has become a powerful technical means for the development and progress of all walks of life, including agriculture.
Compared with traditional maps, the biggest advantage of GIS is that it can quickly combine various thematic maps and make new maps. By superimposing maps of different thematic elements, we can analyze the interaction and influence of various limiting factors on crops on the land and find the relationship between them, such as the relationship between soil pH value and yield. The stored soil background database and farmland irrigation, fertilization, seeds and other databases are used for analysis, judgment is made, and a "diagnosis map" is formed. These results are combined with comprehensive analysis such as MIS and socio-economic information to make input-output calculations, and the implementation plan of precision agriculture is put forward. Based on the original data of soil census and agricultural statistical reports over the years, in the form of database, a GIS fertilization guidance system was established with counties, townships (towns) and villages as units. According to the data of soil and crop information, technical analysis was carried out, and the best fertilization scheme was put forward to realize accurate fertilization.
Farmland geographic information system is the core of precision agriculture system, which manages all information of precision agriculture and provides crop spatial analysis and accurate and reliable farming operation. At present, the geographic information system for precision agriculture has not been reported in China. In addition to the functions of general geographic information system, a precision agricultural geographic information system that is suitable for China's national conditions and may be popularized in the future should be constructed. The key to be solved is: (1) It is suitable for the application of precision agricultural database. (2) spatial analysis system suitable for precision agriculture, (3) interface with information collection, remote sensing information machinery and control.
Farmland GIS database system
Precision agriculture database is the basis of farmland geographic information system. The data comes from geographical background, bottom investigation, real-time farmland and economic data collection. The main databases are:
(1) geographical background data: test location (one in Beijing and one administrative district) test location (area) in Xiaotangshan Town, 1 to 1000 topographic map and all elements are reproduction, agricultural facilities, science (station) and realm, topography, and land use (cultivated land, land use). ) and so on.
(2) GPS database: GPS point data of GPS control points, soil, environment and water samples;
(3) Soil database: soil type, soil profile, soil texture, non-tillage layer thickness, soil nutrients and soil bulk density, such as leached soil nutrients (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphorus, available potassium) and soil trace elements (boron, manganese, copper, zinc, etc.). ), soil moisture, soil permeability, field water capacity and other data, superimposed with geographical background data, can form a spatial distribution map of soil factors and a map of different soil depths;
(4): analysis of water environment database (well), soil, plants, air, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrogen phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter and organic phosphorus;
(5) Meteorological data: latitude and longitude, altitude, sunshine hours, daily average temperature, extreme daily temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, daily precipitation and water vapor pressure; Wait a minute.
(6) Crop varieties and database: crop varieties, ecological adaptability, growth status, agronomic traits, resistance, quality, crop nutritional requirements (water and nutrients), etc. ) pests and diseases, etc.;
(7) Database of agricultural production conditions: fertilizer input, irrigation conditions, planting area, planting system, output level, pesticides, prices, etc.
(8) Chemical fertilizer, database: commodity, price, shape, function, etc. ;
(9) Image database: navigation slices and satellite data; Wait a minute.
Spatial analysis system of precision agriculture
Precision agriculture needs a special spatial analysis program to cooperate with agricultural operations such as decision-making fertilization, irrigation, sowing, weeding and pest control, so as to develop such a spatial analysis software suitable for China's national conditions. This spatial analysis includes:
(1) Spatial distribution of crop yield,
(2) Spatial distribution of soil nutrients,
(3) Spatial distribution; Soil moisture.
(4) Spatial analysis of soil trace elements,
(5) Spatial analysis of crop demand;
(6) Environmental space analysis, etc.
And comprehensive analysis. It is not only the information of expert system, but also one of the carriers of spatial distribution of decision-making results of expert system. The system must be accurate and reliable, which is convenient for agricultural machinery to execute.
"Precision agriculture" was first used in developed countries. Its technical route and principle are mostly based on large-scale farms. On the basis of fully understanding land resources and crop groups, the management measures and the amount of input materials are carefully and accurately adjusted according to the specific conditions of each operation unit in the local field to obtain the greatest economic benefits. Therefore, it can also be applied to agricultural production in China with counties, townships (towns) or villages as units. GIS has played a great role in the process of changing from the traditional model to the precision agriculture development model in developed countries. GIS can be used to manage farmland land data, query data such as soil, natural conditions, crops, crop yield, etc., and draw a variety of agricultural thematic maps conveniently. It can also collect, edit and statistically analyze different types of spatial data. In precision agriculture, GIS can be used to draw crop yield distribution maps and analyze agricultural thematic maps. Different agricultural project data are combined to form a new data set through the wrappi ng tight superposition function provided by GIS. For example, the data of topography, soil type and crop cover make use of the close relationship of crop cover in space to establish the superposition relationship of the three, which can easily analyze the relationship between soil type, topography and crop cover.
At present, geographic information system has entered a new stage of development, becoming a new information industry including hardware production, software development, data acquisition, spatial analysis and consulting services. From the development of GIS technology, on the one hand, it is based on are/ Server structure, that is, the client can call the data and programs on the server on its terminal. On the other hand, the development of InternetGIS or Web-GIS through the Internet can realize the remote query of various geospatial data, including graphics and images, and can also carry out various geospatial analysis. This development is to further integrate GIS with the information superhighway through modern communication technology, and through communication technology, remote sensing (RS), global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) can be organically integrated, making the development and progress of all walks of life, including agriculture, a powerful technical means.
Compared with traditional maps, the greatest advantage of geographic information system is that it can quickly combine maps with various theme elements to produce new maps. By adding different thematic feature maps together, we can analyze the interaction and influence of various limiting factors on crops on the unearthed ground, and find their relationships, such as the relationship between soil pH value and yield. Use the stored soil background database and irrigation, fertilization, seeds and other databases to analyze and judge, form a "diagnosis map", combine these results with MIS for comprehensive analysis, make input-output estimation of precision agriculture combined with socio-economic information, and put forward the implementation plan. Based on the original data of soil census and agricultural statistical data over the years, a GIS fertilization guidance system based on data of soil and crop information was established in the form of database, and the best fertilization scheme was put forward to realize accurate fertilization.