The number of classical Chinese function words in ancient Chinese is small, and there are about 200 common ones. But it appears frequently in ancient poems. For example, the full text of Zuiwengting Ji is only 402 words, including 1 13 (the word Er appears 25 times, the word Zhi appears 18 times, the word Ye appears 2 1 times, and the word Zhi appears/kloc-0. These function words play an important role in expressing meaning, mood, the internal relationship between words and the interest of articles, and are indispensable. Therefore, when we study ancient poetry, we should not only pay attention to learning common content words, but also pay attention to learning common function words. Only in this way can we continuously improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. How to learn common function words? According to my superficial experience in learning and teaching, I think we can deeply understand and gradually master the characteristics and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese from the following aspects:
First, the function words in classical Chinese are generally loanwords, and their forms are not intrinsically related to the meanings expressed in sentences, so they cannot be explained according to their forms like real words. The prominent feature of function words in classical Chinese is "emptiness", which has no practical significance. Therefore, it was difficult for the ancients to create words with function words. However, when function words are needed in note writing, they are often recorded by the method of "telling things by sound" under the guise of homophones existing in real words. So the words used in function words are almost all loanwords. For example:
The word "ran", "Shuo Wen": "ran, burning also; From fire, peptide (rán) sounds. " The original meaning is "burn", which is a real word (later written as "burn" by fire). Mencius Gongsun Chou: "If fire starts." Words are the original meaning of words. In ancient books, the word "ran" is often used to record function words, such as (the examples cited in this paper are all taken from middle school Chinese textbooks except a few).
1, if Hanoi is fierce, move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. Mencius, I am in the country.
2, Zi Mozi said: "But Hu is not worried?" Get lost in public
3. But the ambition is still at the end. Do you think the plan will be safe? Longzhongdui
According to: the word "ran" in examples ① and ② can be interpreted as "like this" and "like this". As a conjunction, the word "ran" in Example 3 is equivalent to "however". Another example is:
The word "dustpan", written in full, originally meant "dustpan", is a real word. In ancient books, the word "qi" is borrowed as the third person pronoun (he, his) and demonstrative pronoun (that), but it can't be returned after a long time. So people added bamboo heads to the word "qi" and wrote it as "Ji" to express its original meaning.
Second, pay attention to distinguish between reality and reality. Because function words are mostly homophones in the original content words, in ancient books, the same glyph is often used in both virtual and real situations. Pay attention when reading ancient poems, and distinguish them from others. For example:
1, Chen She abandoned farming ① on the ridge and felt disappointed for a long time ②. Chen She family
2. Ceng Zi's wife's city and her son's tears. Han Feizi's Diplomatic Theory
Press the word "Zhi" and write, indicating that your feet are walking on the ground. Erya Bian Shi: "Will, go also." The original meaning is "go". In the above two cases, there are five words of "zhi", which are analyzed and compared according to the context: ① ④ the original meaning of "zhi"; 2 syllable auxiliary words, meaningless; ③ It is a structural auxiliary word, which is equivalent to "de"; ⑤ is the third person pronoun, which is equivalent to "she". Another example is:
1, Mo Chun, the Spring Campaign is accomplished. The Analects of Confucius Seats.
2. When you return home, your age will not stop. The Book of Songs Picking Wei
3. The maids around you are not private kings; The princes of the imperial court are not afraid of the king; Within four borders, there is nothing but the king. Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qina Lian.
Xiao Zhuan is written according to the word "Mo", indicating that the sunset is in the middle of the grass. Shuowen: "Mo, the sky is also a ghost". At sunset in the evening. Later, people wrote "dusk" next to the "day" below. The word "Mo" in the above examples 1 and 2 is used in its original meaning, and it is a notional word (noun): "Mo Chun" means "late spring", the end of spring, and the third month of the lunar calendar. "Don't be old" means "end of the year". ("Zhi" is the mood at the end of the sentence, which is meaningless.) As a function word, the word "Mo" in Example 3 can be interpreted by indefinite pronouns as "nobody".
Third, pay attention to distinguish the different usages of homographs. Although some commonly used function words have the same expression form, they have diverse usages and different parts of speech and meanings. In order to get an accurate understanding, we must carefully analyze them according to different language environments. Let's take the word "zhi" as an example. The front is to distinguish between reality and falsehood, and the following is the different usage of the word "zhi". For the convenience of explanation, we number the word "zhi" in each sentence separately. )
1, learn while learning (1), forget it? The Analects of Confucius
2, public 2 times, fighting on the spoon. Cao Gui debate
How much do you know about these two bugs? Zhuangzi, travel happily.
4. With Jun 4' s strength, it is impossible to damage the five hills of the chief father ... "Yugong Mountain"
After the New Year, I want to talk, but I can't make progress. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi.
6, Avenue Line 7, the world is fair. Book of Rites: Journey to the Avenue
7. There is Kong Ming in loneliness and water in fish. Longzhongdui
8, fighting in a long spoon, people will drum up. Cao Gui debate
9. For a long time, 1 1, eyes like a glimpse, meaning very leisurely. Wolf
10, what crime did Song He commit? Get lost in public
1 1, parents only worry about their own illness. The Analects of Politics
Article from: Xueyou. com
How to learn and master function words in classical Chinese —— Some experiences in the teaching of function words in classical Chinese
SETTING: Middle school affiliated to Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities. Last name: Yu Qingyun
The number of classical Chinese function words in ancient Chinese is small, and there are about 200 common ones. But it appears frequently in ancient poems. For example, the full text of Zuiwengting Ji is only 402 words, including 1 13 (the word Er appears 25 times, the word Zhi appears 18 times, the word Ye appears 2 1 times, and the word Zhi appears/kloc-0. These function words play an important role in expressing meaning, mood, the internal relationship between words and the interest of articles, and are indispensable. Therefore, when we study ancient poetry, we should not only pay attention to learning common content words, but also pay attention to learning common function words. Junior middle school classical Chinese teaching paper "How to learn and master classical Chinese function words-some experiences in classical Chinese function words teaching" (2) Junior middle school classical Chinese teaching paper "How to learn and master classical Chinese function words-some experiences in classical Chinese function words teaching" (2). Only in this way can we continuously improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. How to learn common function words? According to my superficial experience in learning and teaching, I think we can deeply understand and gradually master the characteristics and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese from the following aspects:
First, function words in classical Chinese are generally loanwords, and their forms are not related to their meanings in sentences, so they can't be explained according to their forms like real words. The prominent feature of function words in classical Chinese is "emptiness", which has no practical significance. Therefore, it was difficult for the ancients to create words with function words. However, when function words are needed in note writing, they are often recorded by the method of "telling things by sound" under the guise of homophones existing in real words. So the words used in function words are almost all loanwords. For example:
The word "ran", "Shuo Wen": "ran, burning also; From fire, peptide (rán) sounds. " The original meaning is "burn", which is a real word (later written as "burn" by fire). Mencius Gongsun Chou: "If fire starts." Words are the original meaning of words. In ancient books, the word "ran" is often used to record function words, such as (the examples cited in this paper are all taken from middle school Chinese textbooks except a few).
1, if Hanoi is fierce, move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. Mencius, I am in the country.
2, Zi Mozi said: "But Hu is not worried?" Get lost in public
3. But the ambition is still at the end. Do you think the plan will be safe? Longzhongdui
According to: the word "ran" in examples ① and ② can be interpreted as "like this" and "like this". As a conjunction, the word "ran" in Example 3 is equivalent to "however". Another example is:
The word "dustpan", written in full, originally meant "dustpan", is a real word. In ancient books, the word "qi" is borrowed as the third person pronoun (he, his) and demonstrative pronoun (that), but it can't be returned after a long time. So people added bamboo heads to the word "qi" and wrote it as "Ji" to express its original meaning.
Second, pay attention to distinguish between reality and reality. Because function words are mostly homophones in the original content words, in ancient books, the same glyph is often used in both virtual and real situations. Pay attention when reading ancient poems, and distinguish them from others. For example:
1, Chen She quit farming on the ridge, and he regretted it for a long time. Chen She family
2. Ceng Zi's wife's city and her son's tears. Han Feizi's Diplomatic Theory
Press the word "Zhi" and write, indicating that your feet are walking on the ground. Erya Bian Shi: "Will, go also." The original meaning is "go". In the above two cases, there are five words of "zhi", which are analyzed and compared according to the context: ① ④ the original meaning of "zhi"; 2 syllable auxiliary words, meaningless; ③ It is a structural auxiliary word, which is equivalent to "de"; ⑤ is the third person pronoun, which is equivalent to "she". Another example is:
1, Mo Chun, the Spring Campaign is accomplished. The Analects of Confucius Seats.
2. When you return home, your age will not stop. The Book of Songs Picking Wei
3. The maids around you are not private kings; The princes of the imperial court are not afraid of the king; Within four borders, there is nothing but the king. Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qina Lian.
Xiao Zhuan is written according to the word "Mo", indicating that the sunset is in the middle of the grass. Shuowen: "Mo, the sky is also a ghost". At sunset in the evening. Later, people wrote "dusk" next to the "day" below. The word "Mo" in the above examples 1 and 2 is used in its original meaning, and it is a notional word (noun): "Mo Chun" means "late spring", the end of spring, and the third month of the lunar calendar. "Don't be old" means "end of the year". ("Zhi" is the mood at the end of the sentence, which is meaningless.) As a function word, the word "Mo" in Example 3 can be interpreted by indefinite pronouns as "nobody".
Third, pay attention to distinguish the different usages of homographs. Although some commonly used function words have the same expression form, they have diverse usages and different parts of speech and meanings. In order to get an accurate understanding, we must carefully analyze them according to different language environments. Let's take the word "zhi" as an example. The front is to distinguish between reality and falsehood, and the following is the different usage of the word "zhi". For the convenience of explanation, we number the word "zhi" in each sentence separately. )
1, learn while learning (1), forget it? The Analects of Confucius
2, public 2 times, fighting on the spoon. Cao Gui debate
How much do you know about these two bugs? Zhuangzi, travel happily.
4. With Jun 4' s strength, it is impossible to damage the five hills of the chief father ... "Yugong Mountain"
After the New Year, I want to talk, but I can't make progress. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi.
6, Avenue Line 7, the world is fair. Book of Rites: Journey to the Avenue
7. There is Kong Ming in loneliness and water in fish. Longzhongdui
8, fighting in a long spoon, people will drum up. Cao Gui debate
9. For a long time, 1 1, eyes like a glimpse, meaning very leisurely. Wolf
10, what crime did Song He commit? Get lost in public
1 1, parents only worry about their own illness. "The Analects of Confucius is Politics", the article comes from: Xueyou. com。
How to learn and master function words in classical Chinese —— Some experiences in the teaching of function words in classical Chinese
SETTING: Middle school affiliated to Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities. Last name: Yu Qingyun
The number of classical Chinese function words in ancient Chinese is small, and there are about 200 common ones. But it appears frequently in ancient poems. For example, the full text of Zuiwengting Ji is only 402 words, including 1 13 (the word Er appears 25 times, the word Zhi appears 18 times, the word Ye appears 2 1 times, and the word Zhi appears/kloc-0. These function words play an important role in expressing meaning, mood, the internal relationship between words and the interest of articles, and are indispensable. Therefore, when we study ancient poetry, we should not only pay attention to learning common content words, but also pay attention to learning common function words. Only in this way can we continuously improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. How to learn common function words? According to my superficial experience in learning and teaching, I think we can deeply understand and gradually master the characteristics and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese from the following aspects:
First, the function words in classical Chinese are generally loanwords, and their forms are not intrinsically related to the meanings expressed in sentences, so they cannot be explained according to their forms like real words. The prominent feature of function words in classical Chinese is "emptiness", which has no practical significance. Therefore, it was difficult for the ancients to create words with function words. However, when function words are needed in note writing, they are often recorded by the method of "telling things by sound" under the guise of homophones existing in real words. (1) article "How to learn and master function words in classical Chinese-some experiences in the teaching of function words in classical Chinese" (2) Therefore, almost all the words used in function words are (note) borrowed words. For example:
The word "ran", "Shuo Wen": "ran, burning also; From fire, peptide (rán) sounds. " The original meaning is "burn", which is a real word (later written as "burn" by fire). Mencius Gongsun Chou: "If fire starts." Words are the original meaning of words. In ancient books, the word "ran" is often used to record function words, such as (the examples cited in this paper are all taken from middle school Chinese textbooks except a few).
1, if Hanoi is fierce, move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. Mencius, I am in the country.
2, Zi Mozi said: "But Hu is not worried?" Get lost in public
3. But the ambition is still at the end. Do you think the plan will be safe? Longzhongdui