Abstract: Everyone has psychological needs for privacy, so it is of great significance to create a private space. Especially in the design of campus environment, creating a private space can provide students with a good place for outdoor study and leisure activities, thus improving the utilization rate of campus space.
Keywords: Xipu Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University; Environmental psychology; Space privacy
? Private? The definition of the word "Cihai" is: private and relatively secret. This is a personal explanation. Then, in the university campus landscape, how should the school meet the students' demand for private space relative to the indoor environment and architectural space environment? Through the investigation of some campus environments in Xipu Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University, this paper probes into and analyzes the application of space privacy in university campus.
First of all, the concept of privacy
In the field of environmental psychology, scholars believe that? Privacy? Is a widely used term, like many other terms, people often think that there is a consensus on this term, but in fact it is far from it [1]. ? Privacy? It is not only a psychologist's term, but also a topic often discussed by political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists and lawyers. This shows its universal significance in social culture and law. In the study of human psychology, psychologist Sam first put forward in the 1960s? Personal space? Concept, he thinks that everyone has an invisible and inseparable space atmosphere around him. The invasion and interference in this range will cause personal anxiety and anxiety, and at the same time it will also bear the function of self-protection [2].
Second, the importance of space privacy
Robert? 1966, Robert Ardrey declared that the research on human's use of space and the observation in the natural habitat of animals showed that space is very important for social life, and a specific social life really needs corresponding spatial layout; When the available space is below the requirements or violated, individuals who participate in related activities will resist and defend their own space, so it is of great significance to create private space [3]. Especially in the design of campus environment, it is particularly important to create a reasonable privacy space for controlling and guiding students' psychology and cultivating students.
Third, the relationship and application of privacy in the campus environment
Xipu Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University has a planned area of 2,700 mu, a greening rate of 33%, and a total construction area of 1 0,034,056.2 square meters. The main areas of students' activities in Xipu Campus are: the square in front of the library, Zhejiang Garden, the south sports ground, the sports ground in front of the dormitory, the rhinoceros lake, the north sports ground and the south gate of the campus [4].
(1) The square in front of the library is the main viewing avenue and flag-raising ceremony place of the school. Large-scale hard pavements are usually used as practice places for some skateboarding teenagers, while listed sculptures become a good place for children to play. This area is between the north entrance of the ninth teaching building and the new administrative building, with a large area of green lawns and begonia trees, attracting a large number of people and students outside the school to choose this area as a place for outdoor study, outing and gathering. Compared with the overall campus environment, the geographical location of Qian Fang Square has less people flow. Therefore, the sloping lawns on both sides of the landscape avenue have good privacy because of the moderate collocation of shrubs and trees, and become a good place for students to study and relax outdoors.
(2) Zhejiang Garden, there is a large lawn near Rhino Lake, which is a good place for leisure. The bell tower in the southwest corner, three three-dimensional sculptures, combined with a osmanthus forest, surrounds the rhinoceros lake, facing the eight teaching buildings. Many leisure chairs are placed by the lake, and shrubs and small trees are used in the slope configuration to isolate the space. Although this green space is open, in the overall environment, the design of plant height is not considered enough, and the private space is not created in combination with the terrain, so the utilization rate of private space in this area is low.
(3) The South Campus Sports Ground is located in the southwest of the campus, especially in the periphery of the basketball court. These plants are arranged ingeniously. By combining shrubs and trees of different sizes, the original tree species left in the original campus development are preserved, making the basketball court a semi-enclosed space. Combined with the campus periphery and surrounding terrain, tall trees are planted to effectively isolate the campus space from the periphery. Therefore, this area has good privacy and is an ideal leisure area.
(4) In the sports area in front of the dormitory building, table tennis tables and badminton courts are set in front of some dormitory buildings in the student accommodation area to provide students with suitable sports and rest places. However, as a public space, the sports area has sparse vegetation, and the utilization rate of a large number of lawns is low. The main traffic passages are beside it, and there is no transition space by increasing the height of hedges. So the privacy of this area is low.
(5) Rhinoceros Lake is the only place connecting the teaching building and the residential area in the southern district. Around the rhinoceros lake, in the area along the lake, there are rest seats beside the ecological revetment trail. According to the terrain, plant tall trees and combine shrubs and ground cover plants to distinguish lanes and sidewalks. There are hydrophilic platforms and wooden tables and chairs in the area near the library. Each hydrophilic platform can see the surrounding environment through the open space facing the lake, and trees and shrubs are planted behind the seats, providing students with a quiet and comfortable learning environment. So the utilization rate of this area is still quite high. On weekends, foreign tourists are also willing to choose to take photos, sketch, chat and play Tai Chi here. Put some stones in the dense bushes to isolate the space, which plays the role of warning and reminding safety, and at the same time, create a comfortable and private environment by exposing the surrounding environment.
(6) The North Stadium is a semi-bleachers with reinforced concrete structure, and the roof of the main grandstand adopts membrane structure. Except for the main stand which is covered by membrane structure, the rest stands are distributed in a ladder shape on the periphery of the stadium and separated by stainless steel railings. Although the growth of some shrubs and trees blocked the view of the game; However, due to the stepped height difference and moderate occlusion, it creates space privacy and provides a place for students to study, chat and rest in the usual campus environment.
(7) The south campus gate is the main traffic entrance. It is close to the first outdoor motorcycle exhibition area of colleges and universities in China and has become a must-see place for tourists inside and outside the school to commemorate and take photos. Around the exhibition area, low shrubs and small trees are used as closed spaces, and around the street trees, a closed layout is adopted, and benches are set up for people to rest or chat temporarily. However, due to the large flow of people in this area, the planting height of shrubs can not hinder the display of locomotives on the one hand, and needs to be pruned regularly on the other hand, so the privacy of this area is poor. The small football field on the east side has a lot of vegetation and trees in the early stage of campus construction, so the plants around the football field are dense and private. This area is often used as a place for Vietnamese students to train and play football. However, in terms of security, there are great hidden dangers.
Fourthly, the privacy treatment of campus environment space is analyzed and summarized.
(1) Application of Space Privacy in Campus Environment
Through the rational allocation of plants, trees or other plants are guaranteed to form natural partitions and barriers in vertical space or horizontal direction, while avoiding visual loneliness. While meeting the psychological needs of users, they can lean on the boundary of the site, and at the same time, for safety reasons, plants should be trimmed [5].