In recent years, some composition questions in the senior high school entrance examination have more clear requirements for style. For example, the essay title of the senior high school entrance examination in Changsha, Hunan Province, "Give a Flower" and "Yours reminds me of you" clearly requires that "the style is limited to narrative or argumentative writing", and the essay title of the senior high school entrance examination in Guilin, Guangxi also points out that "please write a narrative or argumentative writing on the topic of misunderstanding". In fact, after entering high school, argumentative writing is the focus of writing training, so it is of far-reaching significance to master the skills of argumentative writing. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that junior high school students should "write simple argumentative essays and strive to be reasonable and well-founded". "Simple" and "well-founded" here are only basic requirements. In order to make argumentative essays stand out from many compositions, we should accumulate argumentation materials at ordinary times, pay attention to events or problems in society, life and growth, make divergent thinking and argumentation, expand our horizons and ideological depth, and master practical argumentation skills and methods to plan the layout of argumentative essays.
Art of war in senior high school entrance examination
So, what are the characteristics of the full-mark argumentative essay in the senior high school entrance examination? How can I create an argumentative essay with high scores?
Feature 1: The argument is clear.
The argument should be an unmistakable judgment sentence with precise meaning, clear attitude and clear expression. On the premise of sticking closely to the topic of the composition, you should be correct in thinking, healthy in interest and distinctive in style, and try to avoid the tendency of "one-sided", "extreme", "negative and decadent" and "vulgar and boring". For example, the following opening remarks:
My heart is full of green flowers. Corporal Cao Xian treated each other with sincerity and imitated "Duke Zhou vomited food" in exchange for "returning to the world". Between people, if you want to have real and solid feelings, you must satisfy them with your heart and treat each other with sincerity.
(Hunan Loudi senior high school entrance examination perfect composition "Return")
Candidates first use Cao Cao's example and quote his poem "Short Songs" to prove it, which leads to the central argument of the article: "If people want to have real and solid feelings, they must intersect with their hearts and treat each other with sincerity." This shows that only by being honest with each other can we change our hearts and pay back the money. This cut to the chase begins with a clear-cut banner and strong arguments, closely following the topic of "return".
implementation strategy
1. If the topic can be self-drawn, draw up an eye-catching argumentative topic.
2. conceive a concise and powerful beginning. Simplicity produces strength, simplicity produces beauty. If you want to explain the truth clearly in the composition of the senior high school entrance examination with hundreds of words, you must be clear at a glance, and you must "start a sentence like firecrackers, which will ring easily in an instant;" Every sentence is like a bell, and the sound is not clear. "There are several simple and powerful methods at the beginning of the paper, such as getting straight to the point, asking questions, quoting famous sayings, giving inferences, setting harrows, showing phenomena and so on.
3. If it is a rebuttal, you should set a goal first, take out the wrong views and bad phenomena, and then refute them in a targeted manner.
Feature 2: The argument is accurate.
The "essence" here is "meticulous" and "appropriate" is "accurate". When writing an argumentative essay, we must carefully choose and use accurate, typical and powerful arguments to demonstrate, and pay attention to the details and conciseness of the arguments. For example:
In my heart, every idol, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, has ignited the passion of life for me. When I was confused, I thought of Li Bai's "I will ride the wind and waves one day, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea" and found the way forward; When I failed, I saw a glimmer of light when I read Liu Yuxi's Qian Fan by the shipwreck and Wan Muchun by the sick tree. When I was depressed, I read Mao Zedong's "Counting Romantic Figures, Looking at the Present", and my ambition sprouted again. ...
(The perfect composition "Idol-Run-up Life Line" for the senior high school entrance examination in Dezhou, Shandong Province)
Candidates first put one of the arguments at the beginning of this paragraph, which played an outline role. Then, he ignited the "passion of life" by following idols, and quoted the poems of Li Bai, Liu Yuxi and Mao Zedong in turn. The sentence patterns are consistent, forming parallelism, enhancing poetry and painting, and the language is forceful and inspiring, which conforms to the title "Idol-Run-up Line of Life". In fact, when using factual arguments, we can not only win more, but also select only a small amount of materials to elaborate and serve the arguments.
implementation strategy
1. Usually pay attention to accumulating arguments and decompose them from multiple angles as much as possible.
2. Reasonably arrange the order between arguments.
3. Attention should be paid to the selection and application of argument: First, argument should be consistent with argument; Second, the arguments should be accurate and credible; Third, the arguments should be typical, representative and fresh; Fourth, the argument of truth should be analyzed, dissected, refined and sublimated. Fifth, the arguments should be concise, especially the factual arguments should be concise and targeted. When using it, you can put forward arguments or sub-arguments and prove them with facts, or you can put forward them first and then summarize them.
Feature 3: strict logic
It is the key to convince people that the discussion process is coherent, rigorous and comprehensive. For example, I can do it. The first paragraph quoted the example of Rosenthal effect in psychology, and got the argument of "how important positive psychological suggestion is to a person's growth". In the second paragraph, I directly put forward the argument that "people can only show their places of travel if they believe in their own skills" and proved it with the example of "Deng Yaping, who gallops the world table tennis world". In the third paragraph, I quoted John, a master of disability. Coutis's example proves that "I can do it", and the fourth paragraph shows that some people miss the opportunity because they are too modest. This in-depth positive and negative argument is completed, and the last paragraph is encouraging:
My friends, take "I can do it" as your oath, but remember that this "line" is not only a line of ability, but also a line of action.
The author told us that as long as I believe "I can do it" and put it into action, I will "definitely do it"! After this ingenious supplement, the article can be described as flawless and impeccable.
implementation strategy
Feature 4: Clever argument
If you want to write an argumentative essay brilliantly, you should be good at drawing materials from different angles and using different methods. Let's look at the two paragraphs in the composition "Dedication and Thoroughness", which is the perfect score of Henan senior high school entrance examination:
Pig manure can be used as fertilizer, pig hair can be used as brushes, pig skin can be used as clothes and shoes, pork can be eaten, lard can be used for cooking, pig heart, pig lung, pig intestine and pig liver can be eaten, and pig bones can also be used as soup ... In short, the contributions of pigs are countless! However, no one can be sure of their dedication. Instead, they raised the dedication of silkworms and cows smaller than pigs.
Cattle eat grass and milk is squeezed out. However, no one will notice how tender the grass cows eat. No one will notice how bad the pigs eat, and throw them into the pot at sixes and sevens to cook for them. But the pig still ate it and made himself fat. What about silkworms? It's not that mulberry leaves are not eaten, so picky.
Candidates put pigs, cows and silkworms together to compare their dedication, food requirements and people's attitudes towards them. Finally, they proved that the contribution of pigs was more thorough. At the same time, using this analogy method to demonstrate, the reason is more simple and easy to understand.
implementation strategy
In addition to the fact argument, truth argument and progressive argument mentioned above, there are the following argument methods available:
1. Use comparative argument. Put the pros and cons together and distinguish right from wrong, beauty and ugliness, good and evil in comparison.
2. Use metaphors to demonstrate. Use simple and common things and things to compare profound and unfamiliar truths.
You can use reduction to absurdity when writing a rebuttal paper. Let's assume that the other side's argument is right, and then take it as the premise. Through this kind of reasoning, the mistakes of the other side's argument are deliberately "enlarged" and extended, and an obviously absurd conclusion is drawn, which fully exposes the absurdity, absurdity and mistakes of the original argument.
Feature 5: magnificent
Language should be dynamic. Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "The debate between one person is more important than the treasure of Jiuding; A three-inch tongue is better than a million good teachers. " This not only emphasizes the correctness of reasoning, but also emphasizes the legitimacy of argumentative style and the overwhelming language. For example, the first paragraph of Guangzhou senior high school entrance examination composition "Reward yourself":
Maybe your looks are not amazing, maybe your language is not outstanding, maybe you don't have other people's talents, maybe you don't have brilliant achievements-maybe you are sad about it and feel inferior about it-no, my friend, please accept yourself and cherish yourself. This is a reward for yourself.
The beginning of this is parallelism, which is rich in literary talent, enhances the momentum and naturally puts forward arguments. In addition, candidates use the second person, just like talking face to face.
implementation strategy
1. Choose the topic of atmosphere and establish a healthy and clear style of writing.
2. Comprehensive use of parallelism, rhetorical questions and equivalent sentences, if you can skillfully organize parallelism, you can form a rushing momentum as a whole.
Of course, it is also the secret to make argumentative writing invincible to create beautiful sentences with precise meanings and leave no flaws in a comprehensive discussion.
Whether you are writing a paper or refuting a paper, whether you are reading or commenting on the news, you know the characteristics and implementation strategies of excellent argumentative papers. When you need to write an argumentative essay, you can be targeted. I believe you will be able to produce an excellent argumentative paper with clear arguments, accurate materials, rigorous argumentation and great momentum.
Be defeated at the last minute
1. The following items can be directly used as parameters.
(1) Frustration (2) Believe in the power of science (3) Practice makes true knowledge (4) Do you understand the meaning of reflection? (5) Failure is like a touchstone, and only real gold can stand the test.
[Tips] Please distinguish it with the common sense introduction of "arguments"!
2. In the face of a "win-win" proposition composition, you need:
(1) Draw up three different arguments through divergent thinking.
(2) Please give a "win-win" factual argument.
[Tips] In the question (1), the so-called "different arguments" means that the angles of the three arguments are different, so we should avoid similarities. In question (2), besides news reports, historical stories and life examples, fables can also be used!
Please choose one of the following two questions as your composition topic.
(1) Title: Face up to avoidance.
(2) Title: Why?
Requirements: ① Write a narrative or argumentative essay on any topic, not less than 600 words; If (2) is selected, please complete the topic before writing. The center is prominent, the theme is distinct, and there is a real feeling. (3) If names of people, places and schools need to appear in the text, please use x x or virtual names instead.
Carefully select and arrange a rigorous, reasonable, novel and refreshing structure;
1. Total score (including coordinates). Go straight to the point, stick to the point or put forward a central argument, then decompose the central argument into several parallel sub-arguments, and finally deal with the problems at the beginning or end of the article. There are two variants: total score (deduction) and total score (induction). For example, the essay "Try to be yourself" in Wuhan, Hubei Province: ① Try to be yourself, and you are a wise man. (Central argument) 2 Being yourself is beyond life. (Sub-argument 1) 3 Being yourself is not narcissism and narcissism, but self-confidence after knowing yourself correctly. (Argument 2) 4 Friends, try to be yourself, which is the most wonderful interpretation of life. (kickbacks and deepening the central argument)
2. Contrast. Compare two phenomena (or viewpoints), or use another thing (or viewpoint) to set off a thing (or viewpoint). For example, the structure of the article "Outstanding and Mediocre" is as follows: ① First, list celebrity cases in turn: when Napoleon led millions of French troops across the continent of Europa, no one cared about his height 1.62rn (comparison1); When Beethoven composed the ninth symphony, no one would care about his deaf ears (comparison 2); When Fleming studied penicillin, no one cared that he was still a farmer (comparison 3); When Zhu Yuanzhang voted for Daming Jiangshan, no one would say that he was a monk (Contrast 4). Induction: Only by exerting the advantages to the extreme can we cover up our own shortcomings and move from mediocrity to Excellence. Secondly, the facts of the animal kingdom are listed in turn: antelope makes up for the clumsiness of its teeth with its vigorous limbs; Li falcon used his wings to make up for the silence of his voice; Swordfish can do without the scales like armor. Induction: Different from the barrel theory, it is not the lowest branch that determines the height of a tree, but the new one. (3) Excellence is trying to make the best better, and mediocrity is to make the worst not bad for life (summarize the central argument from comparison).
3. progress. Arguments at all levels are in-depth and cannot be changed at will. Or from phenomenon to essence, or from possibility to inevitability, or from "what (asking questions)" to "why (analyzing problems)" to "how (solving problems)". For example, the misunderstanding of composition, the perfect score in Guilin, Guangxi, adopted a typical argumentative syllogism. 1 Question: Wrong, wrong: Yes, it means understanding. Misunderstanding is wrong understanding. Even the wise, it is inevitable that there will be "thousands of mistakes", let alone the people? It is normal to be born of misunderstanding. (What is "misunderstanding"? ) 2 problem analysis: misunderstanding has arisen, and the gap has arisen. So how can we break the barrier and make peace? Then analyze the reasons of three misunderstandings. (Why is there a "misunderstanding"? 3 solve the problem: understand the spiritual world of others with a keen eye, and suppress your inner impulse fire with a calm and rational heart, so that the seeds of misunderstanding will not sprout; Only by embracing everything in the world with an open mind can the poison of misunderstanding be completely eliminated. If so, the fountain of the soul will always be crystal clear, and the road of life will never be without hatred. (How to avoid and eliminate "misunderstanding")