Guang Wei Ran

Modern poets and literary critics. Formerly known as Zhang Guangnian. People from Guanghua County, Hubei Province. 1 913165438+1October1.

Chronology before the occurrence of light

1927 participated in the first revolutionary civil war in his hometown, and joined the China Youth League in the same year. After the failure of this revolution, I worked as a shop apprentice, a bookstore clerk and a primary school teacher.

/kloc-joined the China * * * production party in 0/929, but lost the party's organizational relationship due to the destruction of the northern Hubei organization.

Since 1930s, he has been engaged in progressive drama and literary activities.

1936, the lyrics "Flowers in May" were published in Wuhan, praising anti-Japanese patriots and opposing treason and surrender. After Yan Shushi composed music, he was widely sung in the anti-Japanese and national salvation activities.

1937 rejoined the China * * * production party.

1938, his Street Drama was published.

1939 65438+ 10, led the third team of anti-Japanese drama from Shanxi anti-Japanese guerrilla zone to Yan 'an.

In March of the same year, he created a group of poems, The Yellow River Cantata. Composed by people's musician Xian Xinghai, it was first staged in Yan 'an in April. Since then, it has been widely sung all over the country and warmly welcomed by the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. This set of poems is magnificent and profound. It is a heroic poem of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression, and it is also a tragic picture of the reality of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression era. It reflects the unprecedented awakening of the people and shows strong national integrity and indomitable spirit of struggle.

In art, the whole poem is well conceived and beautifully laid out. Taking the Yellow River as the symbol of the Chinese nation as the image of running has created a surging passion and made the whole poem show great strength. At the same time, due to the poet's absorption and reference of China's traditional poetry expression techniques, the poetry group has a lively rhythm and concise language.

1940 Engaged in literary and artistic activities in Chongqing and wrote a long narrative poem Qu Yuan. Under the white terror, he expressed the people's strong demands of persisting in the war of resistance, opposing surrender, separatism and retrogression in the form of poems. After the "Southern Anhui Incident", he was forced to leave Myanmar to join overseas Chinese cultural circles and overseas Chinese youth in anti-fascist cultural activities.

He returned to Yunnan in 1942, and from March 1943 to September 1944, he wrote a long narrative poem "Song of the Assisi" based on popular folk songs, and at the same time wrote a long lyric poem "Green Irava Bottom".

From 65438 to 0944, Guang William. J, Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo engaged in the democratic movement and poetry reading activities in Yunnan.

1945 10 was persecuted by the Kuomintang government and left Kunming. The following year, he entered the Liberated Area of North China from Beiping, and successively presided over the teaching work in the Art College of North University and the College of Literature and Art of North China University. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guang William. J has been engaged in literary and artistic activities in Beijing. He has successively served as the editor-in-chief of Movie Script, Wen Yi Newspaper and People's Literature, and has written a lot of literary criticism under his signature. These articles are rigorous in argumentation and free and easy in style, and dare to express their opinions in the face of major literary and artistic phenomena. They wrote articles on the anti-historicism tendency of historical dramas and divine dramas, realism and socialist realism in the inheritance of traditional operas, and actively explored the creation of new poems, which promoted the prosperity of China's new poetry creation with their own creative practice and theoretical research. On February 30th, 1984 and 1984 gave a keynote speech entitled "Great strides in socialist literature" at the fourth general meeting of the Chinese Writers Association. He is the author of a collection of essays, Realism in Drama (1957), Literary Debate Collection (1958) and Talk about Wind and Rain (1982). Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mayflower (1960) has been published, and more than 30 representative works of the author before and after liberation have been included, including Qu Yuan, The Yellow River Cantata, Sanmenxia Chorus and other famous works. Other works not included are the political lyric poem Grand Festival of the Revolutionary People, Soul-stirring 1976 and the long narrative poem Hero Drilling Team. Bright poetry is full of passion and majestic momentum, and is good at containing a difficult and sudden torrent of the times with gorgeous images.

Guang William. J used to be the secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association and the party secretary of the Chinese Writers Association. And was elected as the third and fifth NPC deputies. He is currently a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Advisory Committee and vice chairman of Chinese Writers Association.

He died at 6: 00/KOOC-0/October 28th, 2002/KOOC-0.

[Edit this paragraph] Background information

1969 A few years after the publication of the piano concerto "Yellow River", it is necessary to secondment the propaganda of Hong Zuohua of Jiefang Daily. From 65438 to 0972, Chen Yifei, who was only 26 years old, served as the head of the oil painting group in Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Workshop, and later participated in the design of Shanghai Yellow River Oil Painting Group with Xia Baoyuan, Zhang, Qin and Yan. The workshop is located on the third floor of Laoshenbao Building, No.309, hankou road.

The piano concerto is divided into four parts, and this group of paintings is also divided into four pieces. Yan painted the first movement "Yellow River Boatman Song", Chen Yifei painted the second movement "Ode to the Yellow River", and Xia Baoyuan painted the third movement "Yellow River Wrath"; Qin and Zhang painted the fourth movement "Defending the Yellow River", in which "Defending the Yellow River" was originally painted with Lin Biao, but later Lin Biao defected and needed to be redrawn.

Among the four works, Chen Yifei's Ode to the Yellow River is the most familiar to the outside world. Its first draft is gouache, besides a Red Army, there is also a farmer in sheep's clothing, but Chen Yifei thinks that standing alone on the mountain will make the picture more concise and powerful, so he has removed the role of farmer in the second draft. This practice caused controversy in the art circle at that time, arguing that this practice could not represent the masses and at least one militia should be added. In order to draw a picture according to his own ideas, Chen Yifei should greet the leaders for this purpose.

In order to draw soldiers with rifles, Chen Yifei also found a printed piece of Soviet oil painting, which shows Lenin inspecting the army and rows of soldiers with rifles. Chen Yifei spent the whole morning studying this vague print.

It was not until five years later that this work was exhibited for the first time in the art exhibition of the whole army held in 1977. Its appeal and painting skills attracted the attention of the art world and established Chen Yifei's position in the history of China's fine arts.

In the1980s, Chen Yifei decided to go abroad. The night before boarding the plane, he suddenly decided to move some paintings, especially Ode to the Yellow River. Because Ode to the Yellow River is 297 cm long and 143.5 cm wide, Chen Yifei invited a group of little brothers to help lift it, but the painting was too big for two bicycles to lift in tandem. Unexpectedly, the canvas of Ode to the Yellow River cracked at the corner. It is said that Chen Yifei's younger brother, Chen Yiming, was responsible for the later restoration work.

1997 On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Chen Yifei wrote "Heroes and Romance" in Xinmin Evening News, saying: "Ode to the Yellow River was originally conceived to draw a shepherd with a headscarf on his stomach and his head behind his back, singing in the sky. On reflection, I found that this expression is almost an interpretation of The Yellow River Cantata's lyrics, so I resolutely gave up. Instead, he became a Red Army soldier, standing on the top of the mountain, smiling proudly at the mountains and rivers. In the process of creation, I restored the bright and fiery light on the top of the mountain to the canvas and rendered it into a dazzling white awn; In the eyes of the Red Army soldiers' rifles, I drew a small red cloth, which looked like a blooming flower. At his feet, I drew a line of geese flying diagonally south. "

1996, this painting was auctioned by Sotheby's in Hong Kong and sold for HK$1285,000, making it one of the most expensive oil paintings in China at that time. On May 13, 2007, the painting will be auctioned again at Guardian's auction, and Guardian's valuation is 20 million yuan.

[Edit this paragraph] Learning and inquiry

Overall grasp

Throughout the ages, the Yellow River, with its majestic momentum, has flowed across the land of China and nurtured China people from generation to generation. To sing praises to the Yellow River is to sing praises to our great Chinese nation.

The Yellow River Cantata is a group of poems written by Zhang Guangnian, a famous poet, to cooperate with the large-scale national symphony created by musician Xian Xinghai. From 65438 to 0937, after the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese invaders trampled on the land of North China. The whole country set off the climax of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. It is the wish of many progressive literary and art workers to reflect the real struggle through their own artistic images and stimulate the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people throughout the country. In August 1935, the poet Guang William. J wrote the lyrics "Flowers in May", in which he sang: "Flowers in May bloomed all over Yuan Ye, and/flowers covered the blood of people with lofty ideals. /In order to save this dying nation,/they fought stubbornly against the Japanese. ..... "The lyrics were widely sung after being composed. After the poet 1939 went to Yan 'an, he created a larger group of poems, The Yellow River Cantata. The Yellow River Chorus * * has eight movements, namely: Yellow River boatman song, Yellow River ode, how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky, Yellow River counterpart song, Yellow River ballad, Yellow River resentment, defending the Yellow River roar, and Yellow River. The magnificent imagination and realistic pictures in the poem are intertwined, forming a magnificent historical picture, praising suffering and struggle, depicting the image of the Yellow River and reflecting the real scene of the heroic sons and daughters of the Chinese nation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Xian Xinghai praised it as "full of aesthetic feeling, realism, resentment and tragic feelings, which makes people who have never crossed the Yellow River and those who have been to the Yellow River feel the same way. The lyrics themselves have tried to describe the history of the Yellow River for thousands of years.

The Yellow River Fu is a genre fu, mainly composed of the Yellow River Fu, which is closely related to the first chapter of the group poem "The Yellow River Boatman Song" in structure. "The Yellow River Boatman Song" describes: "Dark clouds are gathering in the sky, and the stormy waves are lapping on the shore. The Yellow River boatmen fought in the wind and rain and finally reached the other side after hardships. " This symbolizes that our great nation and people have broken through the difficulties of the storm and finally won a brilliant victory. "So in the second chapter" Ode to the Yellow River ",the poet appeared as a singer of the times. Standing on the top of the mountain, he sang the Yellow River ode on behalf of the heroic sons and daughters of the motherland. He praised the Yellow River for its majestic and long history, and should follow its example and be as great and powerful as it.

Ode to the Yellow River begins with a clear theme "Praise the Yellow River", which shows the greatness and strength of the Yellow River. Praising the Yellow River for nurturing and defending the Chinese nation will also inspire the Chinese nation. The last part calls on us to learn the spirit of the Yellow River.

In Ode to the Yellow River, the poet uses symbolism, ostensibly praising the Yellow River, but actually praising our nation, inspiring Chinese sons and daughters to be "great and strong" like the Yellow River and defending the Yellow River and China with heroism and strong determination. Her melody is passionate, the music is magnificent, magnificent, passionate and deep, full of strong impact and shocking power, which shows the unruly blood of the Yellow River and the heroic spirit of the Chinese nation and praises the long-standing majestic momentum of the Yellow River.

Ode to the Yellow River is an ode to the Yellow River, an ode to the times, an ode to the Chinese nation, and an ode to perseverance and perseverance of the Chinese nation.

The first section is recitation, and the second section is lyrics. At the beginning, the author called the readers "friends" in the way of coming at once, and clearly put forward the theme of "praising the Yellow River" at the beginning.

The second section is the main part of the whole poem. In order to express the momentum of ode, "tenor solo, with solemn and stirring singing, can hear the power of the Yellow River flowing in the accompaniment" (Xian Xinghai's How to Write the Yellow River). The lyrics in the second paragraph are clear-cut, and there are obvious keywords that can be used as the basis for combing ideas. The first is the word "looking at the Yellow River rolling", which has always led to "the Central Plains is divided into two". The content of this "hope" is not only realistic, but also magnificent, clear and strict: 1. Close-up shot-"surging waves,/set off a heinous situation"; Then there is the general writing method of overlooking the panorama-"Turbid flow turns around,/forming a zigzag chain"; Then it describes the flow direction of the Yellow River vertically-"from the foot of Kunlun Mountain/to the Yellow Sea"; Finally, it spread horizontally to both sides of the Yellow River basin-"splitting the Central Plains in two". Then he began to praise the great contribution of the Yellow River to the Chinese nation and entered the stage of "praising". "ah! Yellow River! " Over and over again, from "ah! Yellow River! /You are the cradle of the Chinese nation "to" You will nurture/develop "is divided into three levels, praising the Yellow River for nurturing the Chinese nation and pointing out its historical contribution; Defend the Chinese nation like a natural barrier and point out the geographical advantages of the Yellow River; Finally, from reality to nothingness, he praised the vastness of the Yellow River basin and benefited all beings, and issued an oath to learn from it on behalf of Chinese children.

This article is selected from the Yellow River chorus "The Second Ode to the Yellow River". 1938, anti-Japanese bonfires burned all over China, and poets marched along the banks of the Yellow River with the army. Facing the magnificent mountains and rivers, he felt the fighting spirit and unyielding will of the Chinese nation. So after the poet arrived in Yan 'an in 1939, he created a large poetry group The Yellow River Cantata.

Problem research

1. "! Yellow River! " What kind of role did it play?

"ah! Yellow River! " Repeatedly, the main part of the lyrics consists of "Ah! Yellow River! /You are the cradle of the Chinese nation "to" You will nurture/develop "is divided into three levels, namely: the Yellow River nurtured the Chinese nation, the Yellow River defended the Chinese nation, and the Yellow River will also inspire the Chinese nation. From real to virtual, interlocking, and gradually deepening.

2. How to understand that the Yellow River is a "cradle" and a "barrier"?

It is easy to understand that the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation, where Chinese culture has emerged, developed and grown, and the Yellow River has nurtured and nourished generations of China people. Comparing the Yellow River to a "national barrier" focuses on the defensive role of the Yellow River against the Chinese nation. The natural barrier of the Yellow River can be used as a geographical military barrier, and the great and powerful spirit of the Yellow River is enough to become a fortress of national spirit and a magic weapon for the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression.

3. How to understand that the Yellow River "stretches out a thousand iron arms to the north and south banks"?

For the sentence that the Yellow River "stretches out a thousand iron arms to the north and south banks", we must first make clear what the "arm" in the sentence means. Judging from the whole sentence, this is a figurative sentence, comparing the Yellow River to a giant. The mainstream of the Yellow River is the trunk of the giant, and countless tributaries of the Yellow River basin are thousands of "iron arms" on the giant. Secondly, we should combine the above to understand that such a giant, "pouring down,/mighty" embodies the majestic and unstoppable tolerance and strength, which is enough to stimulate the spirit and belief of the nation.

4. How to grasp the language features of Ode to the Yellow River?

This lyric is lively and vigorous, with distinct rhythm and loud syllables. Mainly short sentences, and long sentences. Combination of long and short, free and unrestrained, patchwork. In rhyme, every two or three sentences rhyme to form a natural and harmonious rhythm. At the same time, it pays great attention to depicting the image of the Yellow River and creating the beauty of lyrics: "The Yellow River is rolling" and "Tao Jin is surging,/setting off an outrageous situation; /Turbulent flow turns around,/forms a nine-song chain "and other sentences, which unfold a grand picture in front of readers!

[Edit this paragraph] Yellow River information

The Yellow River, known as the Great River in ancient times, originated in bayan har, Qinghai Province, and flowed through nine provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, and finally merged into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Shandong Province. The main river is 5,464 kilometers long, second only to the Yangtze River, and is the second longest river in China. The Yellow River is also the fifth longest river in the world.

The Yellow River reaches Hekou Town, Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total length of 3,472 kilometers. The middle reaches are from Hekou Town to Taohuayu, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, with a river length of 1206 km. Below Taohuayu is the downstream, with a river length of 786 kilometers. There are many opinions on the division of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the division scheme of the Yellow River Water Resources Commission is adopted here. The Yellow River runs through China from east to west, with a length of 1.900 km from east to west and a width of1.654,38+0.000 km from north to south, with a total area of 752,443 square kilometers.

The annual average flow of the Yellow River 1774.5 m3/s, the annual average natural runoff of the whole river is 58 billion m3, the annual average runoff depth of the basin is 77 mm, the per capita water volume of the basin is 593 m3, and the per mu yield of cultivated land is 324 m3.

The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau, and tributaries bring a lot of sediment, making the Yellow River the largest river with sediment concentration in the world. The annual maximum sediment discharge is 3965438+ 1 100 million tons (1933), and the maximum sediment concentration is 920kg/m3( 1977). The average sediment discharge of Sanmenxia Station for many years is about 65.438+0.6 billion tons, and the average sediment concentration is 35 kg/m3.

Yellow river allusions

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. There are many anecdotes related to the Yellow River, all of which are related to its hydrogeological characteristics.

a tower of strength

The idiom "mainstay" refers to a strong person or group that can play a pillar role, just like a pillar standing in the flood of the Yellow River. The mainstay mountain is actually a boulder, located in the rapids of Sanmenxia section of the Yellow River, and it is a stone island, which is called "mainstay" or "mainstay". The water of the Yellow River flows into the canyon, and is bound by rocks on both sides of the river into a narrow stream, which rushes to the stone pillars, forming a rapid vortex, splitting into two streams and leaving the Sanmenxia Valley. The scene is thrilling. In the past, the Yellow River was well-developed and was the main channel for shipping. But in Sanmenxia section, people often hit the rocks. Even the mountains under the water are called "rice piles" and "grain piles". When the boat behind reached this point, the boatman disembarked and pulled it over. The legendary pillar is used to calm the waves of the river, but in the eyes of boatmen, it is a navigation mark. The stone was originally engraved with the words "follow me", which means to drive to it. As long as the ship comes towards it, when it is about to hit, the waves in front of the pillar will return to the water, just pushing the ship to a safe channel, which is very magical.

Speaking of Yellow River shipping, it has played an important role in history. Therefore, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a record of "boating after being defeated by Jin". Both the Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty took Chang 'an as their capital, and used the Yellow River and Weishui Waterway to connect the Canal with Jianghuai, making Chang 'an an an international metropolis with convenient transportation. On the other hand, there are many dangerous shoals in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, with rapid current and much sediment in the middle and lower reaches, which is not conducive to navigation. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, highways and railways have risen, waterways have not been integrated for a long time, and the Yellow River waterway has declined.

There is a saying in history that "saints come out of Huang Heqing". But can the water in the Yellow River become clear? The Yellow River is very clear in Qinghai, but after flowing through the Loess Plateau, tributaries bring a lot of sediment. This is mainly because of the environmental damage caused by human activities, resulting in soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. At present, the sediment flowing into the Yellow River every year is beyond human control. Although the long-term efforts have achieved certain results and reduced the sediment by 50%, there are still 800 million tons downstream, and the Yellow River still cannot be dredged. It's hard to be a saint. When the sage comes out, the Yellow River will be treated first. This sentence is changed to "when the sage comes out, Huang Heqing comes out".

Yue longmen, a carp ―― Climbing the social ladder.

"Carp yue longmen". Longmen is at the southernmost tip of Shanxi-Shaanxi Canyon, 65 kilometers north of Hukou Waterfall. South of Longmen is the open Guanzhong Plain. The Yellow River water enters the wide river bed from the narrow Longmenkou, and the nature of the river course has changed greatly. Longmen is formed because its East Longmen Mountain and its West Liangshan Mountain are close to each other and become a narrow portal with a width of only 100 meters, which binds the river and forms a swift current. Whenever the flood season, the water level rises, and after the narrow valley, the valley widens, and the water level drops sharply, with a great drop, so there is a saying that "Longmen falls into the water three times". The legend of "Carp yue longmen" refers to jumping here. It is said that the little carp is not afraid of difficulties and dangers, scrambling to jump into Jackie Chan's door. You can jump and become Jackie Chan immediately. Only those indomitable carp can eventually become Jackie Chan. For thousands of years, this legend has also inspired the descendants of the Chinese people to work hard and struggle endlessly. The ancients thought that this Longmen Gorge was opened by Dayu, so it was also called "Yumenkou".

Jiuqu Yellow River

There are many bends in the Yellow River, which is called "Nine Curves of the Yellow River". The Yellow River turned many big bends on the Loess Plateau and roared away. The high-pitched folk songs that left Xintianyou still reverberate in our ears: "Do you know? How many bays are there in the Yellow River in the world? There are 99 Yellow River bays in the world ... ". In ancient times, "nine" and "ninety-nine" meant "many", indicating that the Yellow River was curved. From the source to the Yellow River estuary, there are many big bends. There are six big bends in the main stream, and there are many small bends, mostly in the Loess Plateau. In the big bend, there are three 180 degrees, two/90 degrees and 1 45 degrees. The general trend of the Yellow River forms a tortuous bend, and the general flow direction is still from west to east. The straight-line distance from the source to the estuary is only 2068 kilometers, but the actual flow is 5464 kilometers, which is 2.64 times of the straight-line distance.

Huanghe dawan

The Yellow River has a horseshoe-shaped bend called "Hetao". As the saying goes, "The Yellow River is full of disasters, but it is not rich in one episode". The set mentioned here refers to the Hetao area. The Yellow River, originally from west to east, runs from Gansu to Ningxia Zhongwei, along Helan Mountain to the north, and then eastward to He Lin, Inner Mongolia. It suddenly turned around in Tuoketuo County, and turned a big bend along Luliang Mountain to the south. This unique big bend is like a big cloth covering the Ningmeng Plain, so people call it "Hetao". Hetao Plain starts from Helan Mountain and Daqingshan in the west, reaches Hohhot and Helinger in the east, reaches Ordos Plateau in the south, reaches Langshan and Daqingshan in the north, and runs through Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Part of Ningxia is called Tao Xi, also called Ningxia Plain or Yinchuan Plain; Inner Mongolia is called Tao Dong, which is divided into pre-set and post-set, collectively known as Hetao Plain. The Yellow River flows through here and is located in the plain. The river is wide and the current is gentle. Many irrigation canals have been built to divert the Yellow River.

Public service advertising words

1 .. Protect the Yellow River and the blood of the Chinese nation.

2. Let the Yellow River mother be with Chinese children.

Mother Yellow River can't afford to be hurt anymore-it's everyone's responsibility to protect the Yellow River.

Four. Don't make the Yellow River mother sad.

Protecting the Yellow River is the responsibility of every Chinese son and daughter.