The train is equipped with superconducting magnets, which move at high speed on the coils due to suspension. These coils are fixed at the bottom of the railway. Due to electromagnetic induction, current will be generated in the coil. The polarity of the magnetic field generated by the coil on the ground is always the same as that of the electromagnet on the train, so that there will always be repulsive force between the coil and the electromagnet, thus making the train float.
Propulsion principle: Alternating current flows in the coils located on both sides of the track, which can turn the coils into electromagnets. Because of its interaction with the superconducting electromagnet on the train, the train starts. The train moves forward because the electromagnet (N pole) at the front of the train is attracted by the electromagnet (S pole) installed on the track earlier and repelled by the electromagnet (N pole) installed on the track later. The current flowing in the coil will continue to reverse. The result is that the original S-pole coil is now an N-pole coil, and vice versa. In this way, due to the conversion of electromagnetic polarity, the train can continue to run forward.
At present, there are two main forms of maglev trains in the world: one is repulsion; The other is inhalation. The repulsion formula is to use the repulsion generated by two magnets with the same polarity to make the train float. Superconducting electromagnets with strong magnetic fields are installed on both sides of the carriage of this maglev train. When the vehicle is running, the magnetic field of this electromagnet cuts the aluminum rings installed on both sides of the track to generate induced current, and at the same time produces opposite magnetic fields with the same polarity, so that the vehicle is pushed off the track surface and floats in the air. But at rest, because there is no cutting potential and current, the vehicle cannot be suspended, and it can only support the body with wheels like an airplane. When the vehicle is driven by a linear motor and the speed reaches above 80 km/h, the vehicle stops. The suction type is based on the principle that two magnets attract each other. The electromagnet is placed under the track and fixed on the bogie of the car body. When two magnets generate a strong magnetic field and attract each other, the train can be suspended. This kind of suction maglev train can maintain a stable suspension state whether it is stationary or moving. The medium and low speed maglev train developed by our country this time belongs to this type.
"If you leave" is the basic working state of maglev train. The maglev train uses electromagnetic force to counteract the gravity of the earth and make the train suspend on the track. During the operation, the car body and the track are in a state of "at arm's length", and the magnetic levitation gap is about 1 cm, so it has the reputation of "zero-altitude aircraft". Compared with ordinary wheel-rail trains, it has the characteristics of low noise, low energy consumption, no pollution, safety and comfort, high speed and high efficiency, and is considered as a new type of transportation with broad prospects. Especially this kind of medium and low speed maglev train has small turning radius and strong climbing ability, which is especially suitable for urban rail transit.