Fan Chi is vulgar and Ceng Dian is arrogant. Confucius' teachers include Lao Dan, Zanzi, Changhong and Shi Xiang. Among his old friends, there is the original soil, and he also knows that he has a son, Sang Bozi.
Zhong Gong asked Sang Bozi, and Confucius praised him for not being burdensome. When Zhong Gong suspected that Sang Bozi's efforts were too simple, Confucius affirmed that Zhong Gong's words were right. So Nan Huizi asked Zi Gong, "Confucius' disciples are really diverse! "This is probably why he is Confucius.
As for Mencius, he expressed his opinion: "Nowadays, the opinions of the world do not belong to the Yang Zhu School, but to the Mo Zhai School." "If Yang Zhu and Heizhai's theories are not eliminated, Confucius' theories will not be carried forward."
"Those who can use reason against Yang and Mo are all disciples of saints." People at that time therefore thought that Mencius liked to argue.
Although it is not exact, the signs of discussion began at that time. Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty rejected Buddhism and Taoism and was highly praised by scholars.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a school dispute between Cheng Yi in Luoyang and Su Shi in Sichuan, and Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan also had differences. Luo sent disciples to reject Su Shi as a skill, and agreed with Zhu's critics to vilify Lu Jiuyuan as an ability.
I think the yin and yang between heaven and earth nourish all things and change endlessly, so it is impossible to summarize the truth of the world from one aspect. I once understood Confucius' theory of "running through it with a basic idea" and personally entered it; Zi Gong also "runs through it with a basic concept", but he thinks it is obtained from extensive knowledge.
From the perspective of future generations, Zi Gong was right and Zeng Shen was wrong. But Confucius did not distinguish them, and his theory could have been inclusive.
So I hate Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai, because they have no parents and no respect; Buddhism and Taoism were excluded because they abandoned the relationship between monarch and minister, separated the feelings of father and son, and pursued their purity and immortality in this way of life. If they are not so good, why should I slander them? The robber came, opened the box, took out his pockets, robbed us, and forced us to chase with spears (that is, resist); Wear our same clothes and read our same books, and I will respect them. For them, it is too late to kiss again.
Now we are fighting in the same room and fighting with each other. Can't this stop? If you don't thoroughly study the right and wrong of others' speeches and find that others have slightly different views from yourself, you will rise up and attack them. This attitude cannot be used to judge people! People look different, and the length and size are slightly different. Isn't it wrong to scold others for not being human? If you are condescending, there will be no argument, because he can't compete with me. As for talent, you are equal, and you are afraid that you won't win, so there are arguments one after another. Therefore, people who know the avenue, looking at different schools in the world, all think that they have never surpassed their own avenue, so their hearts are broader.
If you are broad-minded, you can cover everything, which is also the reason why Confucius is great and rejects dissidents.
2. Liu Dakui's translation of the Western Expedition Liu Dakui (1698~ 1779) was an essayist in the Qing Dynasty. The word Fufu, the word Gengnan, the number Haifeng. Tongcheng (now Anhui Province) people. When he was young, he entered Beijing. At that time, his fellow countryman Fang Bao looked back at the ancient prose for a while and saw Liu Dakui's article, which was extremely appreciated. When he was in Qianlong, he was recommended by learned poets and scholars, but he did not succeed. Later, it was an edict from Yixian, which was returned a few years ago.
Liu Dakui is one of the representative writers of Tongcheng School prose. On the basis of Fang Bao's theory of righteousness, his Essay further discusses the artistry of the article. He said, "Therefore, a scholar is a great craftsman. People with syllabic spirit can do what craftsmen can do. " He who saves books is also skilled in craftsmanship. He attached great importance to the style of the article and said: "The way of the article is to give priority to God, supplemented by Qi. ...... Even people who specialize in rationality have not done their best. " He also said: "Arrogant people have the best writing style; Syllables, the text is slightly thicker; "Text is the roughest part of a text." It is believed that "scholars seek arrogance and get it from syllables, and scholars seek syllables and get it from words, and they must think more than half" (Essays), which is called "seeking gas with sound" in history. He is good at reciting ancient Chinese, so he has a deep understanding in this respect.
Among Tongcheng School, Liu Dakui prefers extravagance and parallelism. More vigorous than Fang Bao and Yao Nai's rhetoric, but less refined. Hua Guan, Xi Debate, Book Burning, Biography of Jing Ke, Preface to Three Collections of Seagoing Ships, Preface to Ma Xiangling's Poems, and Preface to the South of Seeing Yao off can represent his writing style. The Story of Huangshan Mountain and the Story of Fushan Mountain win by describing the details and length of the scenery, which is invisible in Fang Bao's and Yao Nai's works.
He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Haifeng, including prose 10 volume, poetry 6 volume and prose 1 volume.
3. Read the classical Chinese, read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1). C "this" is a pronoun and a subject, which refers to the last article "Brown participated in major political affairs for more than a year", "money" is an adverbial of time, and "Brown participated in major political affairs for more than a year" is followed by a sentence, excluding A and D; Except that "mourning" means "mourning is over", the meaning of this sentence is complete and a single sentence, excluding B. This sentence is translated as: It is unprecedented for an official to participate in major affairs for more than one year. In the first year of Jingtai, because the war subsided slightly, you could ask for mourning, so it violated the emperor. After the funeral, he was appointed to work in the Imperial Academy and no longer participated in cabinet affairs. (2)D zhishi: returning to the official position. Consultation: consultation; Pale: changed face. Li Xian has always respected Shi Peng and must discuss with him after retiring from North Korea. Shi Peng's argument about the feasibility of quoting righteousness sometimes even changed his face. H: less; Worry: I am deeply worried. At this time, the emperor was lazy and lax, and ministers seldom saw him. Shi Peng is deeply worried. A: (1) C (2) D (3) A (4) Li Xian has always respected Shi Peng, and he will definitely discuss with him after he leaves the DPRK. Shi Peng's argument about the feasibility of quoting righteousness sometimes even changed his face. The word "pure Tao" is a well-off person. Orthodox thirteen years, awarded the title of champion (champion). In the second year, Wang Jianguo ordered and joined the cabinet to participate in the maintenance. Later, when he learned that his stepmother had died, Shi Peng tried his best to refuse, but the emperor refused and he was ordered. He has been an official for more than a year, unprecedented. Shi Peng kowtowed. The second emperor still ordered him to join the cabinet, holding a bachelor's degree in imperial academy. But the emperor trusted Li Xian and repeatedly summoned Li Xian to talk alone. Li Xian urged Shi Peng to consult him after retirement. Shi Peng often argued with him about justice and sometimes even got angry. Li Xiangang was a little unhappy at first, but after a long time, he was convinced of his sincerity and integrity and said, "Gong Peng, a real gentleman." Southerners must be history to be appointed. Li Xian told Shi Peng about it. Soon, the official Niu Yu announced the imperial edict. Shi Peng said to Niu Yu, "There are many scholars in the south who are better than me. How can I suppress them? " Soon, fifteen people were selected, including six southerners. Menda framed Li Xian, so the emperor was confused and said, "Go to Li Xian, and Shi Peng will be specially appointed." Someone. So, he tried his best to redress the wrongs and said, "With Li Xian gone, I won't stay alone." When the news reached the emperor, he gave up the idea of recalling Li Xian. Chenghua changed yuan and was promoted to the Ministry of War. In the fourth year of Chenghua, Peng said: "The rise and fall of ministers should be decided by the emperor's mind or discussed with his ministers. We can't entrust all officials to let power fall into the hands of others. " But he praised his loyalty from the heart. Five years after Chenghua, Shi Peng took a sick leave. Three months later, the emperor urged him to join the cabinet to prevent him from going to court. There was a drought near Beijing, Shandong and Henan, and he asked for exemption from summer tax and salt tax. Beijing rice is expensive, and he asked to open the granary and sell it at a parity of 500 thousand stone. The emperor listened. Shi Peng, as an old minister, was relied on, and he didn't avoid disputes .. Ministers seldom saw the emperor. In the seventh year of Chenghua, Shi Peng had a relapse and asked to resign. The emperor comforted him, but Shi Peng did not leave his post. Shi Peng often writes an exhortation letter in disasters. Some (these letters) were left in the palace, some were sent to the competent officials, and most of them were sealed. He is worried because his wish can't come true. In the first month of the eleventh year of Chenghua, due to the expiration of his term, he was promoted to Shaobao. He died a month later. I work tirelessly for my country, maintaining justice and the overall situation, and never talk about politics with my children after completing my official duties. I said, I recommended it, so that my family didn't know. I don't look lazy, I use frugal clothes, I don't use vocal music to serve, and he doesn't accept it immorally. I have the demeanor of an ancient minister.
4. Classical Chinese brothers fight geese. In the past, when people saw a wild goose, they would shoot it with a bow and say, "Get it and cook it." His brother argued: "Yan Shu is suitable for cooking, and Hunan smoke is suitable for burning." In the struggle, they sued Shebo. Sherber invited me to cut the wild goose and cooked it half-cooked. If I try to catch that wild goose, it will hide far away. They argued: "Goose walking on the ground is suitable for cooking, while goose flying is suitable for barbecue." They kept arguing with Shebo, asking him to tell right from wrong. Sherber said, "Just boil half and bake half." The two brothers agreed happily. When they shoot the geese again, the geese have already flown away. Note 1. Burn (fán): roast. 2. Litigation: adjudication. 3.25 ancient societies are one society. Xie Bo is the head of a society. 4. assistance: La. 5. Fit: Fit. 6. search. 7. Shu: refers to. If you don't grasp the opportunity, even if the conditions are met, you can't achieve your goal. It means that you should prioritize things, or you will accomplish nothing.
5. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese (1). What methods are you going to use to appease the thieves there to satisfy my heart? There are 1 divided into "why", "what do you mean by calling me" and the basic meaning of the whole sentence. I hope that the Prime Minister and the imperial envoys will not bind me with legal provisions for the time being, and let me handle everything on my own according to the actual situation.
(65,438+0 is divided into "Qi", "Restraining officials to grammar" and "Everything is cheap") (3) Gong Sui found that Qi (or "Bohai area") was extravagant, and the people liked small skills (or "unimportant skills") and refused to engage in agricultural production, so he set an example by himself, thrived and encouraged the people to engage in farming, mulberry and sericulture. (1 point "Last Skill", "Bow Rate with Thrift", "Persuasion" and "Agriculture and Mulberry") None.