1, nitrogen fertilizer and water eutrophication. Eutrophication refers to the process and consequences of nutrient enrichment. It is a natural process, mainly referring to the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus. It will cause a large number of creatures in the water to die, making the water colorful and smelly. Due to the large amount of infiltration, the loss of fertilizer in rice fields is also great. It is estimated that 20% of the fertilizer is lost, of which the loss of nitrate nitrogen can account for 95%.

2. Nitrogen fertilizer and groundwater pollution. The nutrients in the fertilizer are leached with water and enter the groundwater through the soil layer, causing groundwater pollution. Groundwater is used for drinking in many places, and the polluted water source has an impact on human and animal health. Due to the action of microorganisms, various forms of nitrogen used in fertilization will form NO3-N in soil. , not adsorbed by soil, easy to enter groundwater with water.

3. Nitrogen fertilizer and air pollution. The application of nitrogen fertilizer has greatly aggravated air pollution. The main pollutants are NH3 volatilization, NO and NO2 produced during denitrification. Not to mention the harm of these gases. )

Countermeasures: Reducing the volatilization and loss of nitrogen as much as possible, improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, understanding the transformation law of nitrogen in soil, taking effective measures to prevent nitrogen loss and improve fertilizer efficiency are the basic prerequisites for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer.