The essence of "proofreading similarities and differences" is "similarities and differences", that is, comparing the proofreading manuscript with the original manuscript word by word, and finding out the similarities and differences between them to find and correct mistakes and omissions. Its function is to ensure that the manuscript does not leak when it is converted into printed text.
The essence of "right and wrong" is "right and wrong", that is, by judging the right and wrong of the internal contradictions in the manuscript, we can find and correct the possible mistakes and omissions in the manuscript. Its function is to make up for the omission of editing work and make the manuscript perfect.
The two basic functions of proofreading are equally important and cannot be neglected. Without checking the similarities and differences, it is impossible to ensure the accurate and complete transformation of the author's labor achievements; Without correcting right and wrong, it is impossible to find and make up for the omissions in the author's creation and editing. If we ignore proofreading similarities and differences or proofreading right and wrong, the consequences will be the same, which will cause fallacies to spread, damage the author and delay readers.
2.2 The main function of traditional proofreading is to proofread similarities and differences. Traditional proofreading has two objects: first, the edited and typeset text after finalization, commonly known as "manuscript"; One is a sample printed according to the layout and imposition of the original manuscript, commonly known as "proof". The primary task of proofreading is to compare the proofreading draft with the manuscript word for word, check the similarities and differences between them, and find out the "difference", that is, the proofreading draft is different from the manuscript, and in principle, proofreading and correction are carried out according to the manuscript. The purpose of this is to eliminate mistakes and omissions in the typesetting process and ensure that the typesetting is completely consistent with the original text. On this basis, read through the manuscript, find out possible mistakes and omissions, and then submit them to the editor in the form of inquiry.
The objective situation has changed. Most authors give editors disks, not handwritten manuscripts. The manuscript printed on the disk combines traditional manuscripts and proofs, as well as recording errors and writing errors. The editor processes the printed manuscript on the disk, and the typesetter modifies the printed manuscript according to the editing process, and then performs format conversion according to the format design requirements. The printed manuscript is proof. This certificate is the same as the manuscript except for the editing and modification. Therefore, there may be five types of errors in proofreading: (1) author's input error; (2) the author's writing mistakes; (3) editing errors; (4) Missed corrections and incorrect corrections made by the typesetter when modifying the disk manuscript; (5) possible content loss and confusion during format conversion. These five types of errors are hidden between the lines of proofreading in the form of right and wrong, except for the fourth and fifth types of errors, which can be found by the method of nuclear red and proofreading. The proofreader is actually doing "proofreading without manuscript", and finds mistakes through right and wrong judgment. Correcting right and wrong has become the main function of proofreading.
2.3 Modern proofreading has five tasks: (1) to find and correct common typos; (two) to find and correct errors in language, punctuation, numbers, quantities and units that violate national norms and standards; (3) Find and correct mistakes that violate grammatical rules and logical rules; (4) Finding and correcting facts, knowledge and political mistakes; (5) Do a good job in standardizing and unifying the layout format. In short, all errors that are not caused by recording and sorting and cannot be found by machinery belong to the category of "correcting right and wrong"
2.4 The book quality assurance system has two subjects: editing and proofreading. After editing and proofreading, * * * will establish a book quality assurance system. Proofreaders are responsible for the above tasks (1)(2)(5). (3)(4) Two kinds of mistakes should have been eliminated in the editing process, and the proofreader should not be held responsible. However, it is necessary to establish an incentive mechanism to encourage proofreaders to find these two kinds of mistakes and put forward correction suggestions to responsible editors in the form of questioning, so as to put an end to all mistakes.
2.5 Establish a modern concept of proofreading. Modern proofreading should not only be "responsible for the manuscript", but also be "a necessary continuation of editing work", and assume the responsibility of assisting editors to "eliminate all errors before the book is published", that is, to "correct right and wrong" on the basis of eliminating records and sorting out errors, and to find and correct possible errors and omissions in the manuscript, thus playing the role of "supplementing and perfecting editing work". Proofreaders must keep pace with the times and establish the modern proofreading concept of "being responsible to readers and society".