Iron-based superconducting materials, multi-photon entanglement, quantum satellite-ground communication ... At present, China has become the second largest producer of high-quality scientific papers in the world: the total number of international scientific papers has increased by 70% compared with 20 12, ranking second in the world; For the first time, the citation of international scientific papers surpassed Germany and Britain, ranking second in the world. It is making more and more important contributions to the development of world science, and the world-leading major achievements are constantly emerging.
According to the data from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the national research and experimental development (R&; D) Expenditure is expected to reach 1.76 trillion yuan, an increase of 70.9% over 20 12; The whole society r&; D expenditure accounts for 2. 15% of GDP, exceeding the average level of 2. 1% in EU 15 countries. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress rose from 52.2% in 20 12 to 57.5%, and the ranking of national innovation ability rose from 20th in 20 12 to 17.
In addition, Wan Gang also pointed out in the report that China ranks first in the world in the number of invention patents applied and authorized, and third in the number of effective invention patents. The turnover of national technology contracts reached 1.3 trillion yuan. The total number of high-tech enterprises in China exceeds 6,543,836,000, and R&D investment accounts for more than 50% of the country, providing more than 25 million jobs. Scientific and technological innovation has strongly supported the supply-side structural reform and achieved a historic leap of comprehensive integration and active leadership of economic and social development.