② Content: Thesis outline.

③ Preface: This is the beginning of the text. Briefly introduce the motivation, value and significance of the research topic. In the long introduction, we should also comment on the research status, predecessors' achievements and existing problems of the problems discussed in this paper, and briefly describe several problems that the author wants to solve in this paper.

(4) Text: This is the core of the paper, which requires a complete title and a clear hierarchy, and elaborates the author's views in detail, including some data and charts.

⑤ Conclusion: At the end of the introduction, a few concluding remarks are briefly summarized to deepen the theme.

⑥ Reference documents and appendices, annotate the viewpoints and materials that have been referenced and quoted in the writing process of the paper, and indicate the source. That is to say, it is well-founded, and it also reflects the attitude of seeking truth from facts and respecting the labor of others. This is the key of the paper.

It is necessary for beginners to understand the general physical characteristics of academic papers, which is helpful to effectively express scientific research results.