2, the figure is awesome and beautiful. A pair of eyes shot at the cold star, and two curved eyebrows were muddy as paint. Broad-minded, invincible.
The words are grand, and the ambition of Lingyun is spit out. The heart is heroic, like a lion shaking the sky and descending from the clouds. Strong muscles and bones, such as shaking and moving, sitting on the seat.
Like a demon Lord from heaven, he is actually a traditional god on earth.
3. Mei Qi wears a purple and gold crown with inlaid jewels, a double dragon catches the money, a big red arrow sleeve and a two-color golden butterfly, a colorful silk flower, a long tassel palace sash, azurite with various Japanese forged tassels, and a small green satin boot. If the face is Mid-Autumn Festival, the color is like the flower of spring dawn, the sideburns are cut, the eyebrows are like ink painting, and the face is like a peach blossom petal.
The man wearing ink painting clothes and a felt towel is naturally a gifted scholar, because he is romantic.
It is no exaggeration to describe him as "handsome man". He is nearly seven feet tall and thin, wearing a purple robe embroidered with green stripes, a milky white double-breasted jacket with bright silk on the surface. The robe is stuffed upside down into the white jade belt at the waist, and white deer boots are worn on the feet to facilitate riding. Black hair is combed into a neat bun on the top of the head and a delicate white jade crown is worn. Light green silk crowns are hung on both sides of the jade crown, and an elegant knot is tied on the lower forehead.
His skin is very white, just like most southern song literati; But because the skin is white, the handsome facial features look bright, especially the lips, which are almost rosy as rouge. But although he is beautiful, he is not feminine at all; Especially those eyes, they look smart and proud.
5, white and black hair, elegant clothes, not tied, slightly fluttering, lining a figure hanging in the air, straight as a god. His skin is shiny, and his eyes are shining with the light of 1000 kinds of colored glasses. Picturesque in appearance, too beautiful to look like a real person. This wind instrument has completely surpassed all the beauty of human beings. He just casually wore a white robe and thought that even an angel would never be more beautiful than him. This kind of beauty that transcends men and women and the secular world cannot be described in words.
Is it okay?
The ancient people in China praised the beauty of people and disliked positive descriptions. Instead, they like to use contrast and contrast to set off a person's beauty, and prefer the beauty of men. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shi Shuo Xin Yu said that Pan An was beautiful, with three words-"beautiful instrument"; Describe Xia Houxuan as "Lang Lang is like holding the sun and the moon"; Li Anguo's "Tang Dynasty decayed like a jade landslide"; Ji Kang is seven feet eight inches long and has a special charm. Those who saw it sighed:' Xiao Xiaosu is bright and clear.' Or the cloud says, "Su Su is like a loose wind, high and gentle." "Li Yuanli" qiaocheng as Jinsong Li ".
This description will make readers full of imagination and interest, but it will cause great difficulties to researchers who study the appearance of handsome men. In this way, the standard summary of ancient male beauty is far less detailed than that of beauty. But there are also some:
First of all, the skin is fair, just like pearls and jade. Orientals seem to have a great love for dialogue, so that not only "a kind of white can cover up all ugliness", but also white can make people feel love. When the Han Dynasty was founded, a handsome man named Zhang Cang was sentenced to death by Liu Bang for violating military orders. On the day of execution, Zhang Cang was stripped naked and prostrated on the chopping block. At the sight of the official tomb, Zhang Cang was tall and burly with fair and moist skin. He is a very rare handsome man. It's a pity to kill him. Then moved the compassion, asked Liu Bang for leniency, and Zhang Cang was spared. From then on, Zhang Cang was cautious and loyal to his duties, and eventually became the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty, which was also described as a beautiful talk.
Wang Yan, who lived in Zaifu in Wei and Jin Dynasties, was also a famous handsome man. When he was very young, he was praised by Dan Tao, a famous bamboo scholar, as "Xin Xin Er", which means "beautiful child". As a man, Rebecca's skin color is as white as white jade. Therefore, Yan Wang chose a bird's tail with a white handle according to his fair complexion. In this way, when he holds his tail in his hand, people will clearly see that his hand is a veritable "jade hand", like the color of white jade. As the saying goes, "beauty is better than mystery, and it is tantamount to grasping the tail of a white jade handle."
Another example is Yanhe, who is Cao Cao's adopted son and son-in-law. He is also a "white face".
Why does white look good? "China people have a whitening complex in their bones. Procter & Gamble once conducted a survey, which showed that about 75% of China women wanted their skin color to be more harmonious and fair. Although this survey is specifically aimed at women, the conclusion is that in Asia, white skin represents elegance, intelligence and nobility. " As a makeup artist, Jiang Qi once discussed this phenomenon with aesthetic experts. He said: "Experts have a guess that in ancient times, white was a noble color, because unproductive people like royalty often had delicate and fair skin. The healthy bronzed skin of working people is not highly respected. "
In addition, because of the color of skin, there are more melanin in the skin of orientals. Melanin is produced by amino acids through the action of enzymes. It's a kind of protein. Fine particles are yellowish brown, and most of them will turn brown-black when gathered together. Dark brown skin is not easy to appear bright, so people are pursuing a face as white as jade. Even men are no exception.
In order to obtain such whitening effect, since the Han Dynasty, men began to use beauty methods such as "powder application".
"Guang Liu Yue Chuan" contains: "The former painter looked at the Qing society and the Qing government." "Han Shu" contains "when filial piety is good, servants are crowned with shells and rich powder" and so on.
In Beijing opera, Cao Cao's white face is not groundless. According to records, in Wei Dynasty, powder application was actually a kind of "family style" in Cao Shi, and both Cao Shi clan and Cao son-in-law liked powder application. "Shu Wei" contains: "In hot weather, plants (Cao Zhi) often take shower water and apply powder." From this perspective, it is of course necessary for Cao Cao to make up occasionally as a "national leader".
The second criterion for a beautiful man is bright eyes and black pupils. In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Pei Gongling praised Wang Rong: "Eyes are rotten as stone." That is to say, the eyes are bright and striking, shining on the rocks like lightning. Even though Wang Rong is ill in bed, his eyes are still "shining like electricity under a rock".
Why does Kurome look good? Because it will make men's eyes stronger and more imposing. For example, when Wang Xizhi saw Du Hongzhi, he praised: "The face is like congealed fat, and the eyes are like paint. This fairy is human. " When Xie Gong saw Zhi Daolin, he also praised him: "Look at Gong Lin's eyes."
The third criterion of a beautiful man is about body shape and temperament, that is, to show a sense of bone and a clear image and to stand out from the crowd. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, handsome men and celebrities pursued an image of comeliness, thinness, self-cultivation and slim waist, that is, the so-called "show bones and clear images". For example, Wang Xizhi's "pure demeanor", Wen Qiao's "clear demeanor", Ji Kang's "extraordinary charm" and Wang Yan's "beautiful stone" and so on. The words "Qing" and "Xiu" are everywhere in Wei and Jin articles. Although fat and thin are not explicitly mentioned here, "Qing" is often used with words such as "thin", "fat" and "squatting". It can be seen that "Qing" is reflected in the image of people and should belong to a relatively thin type. The ups and downs of the yellow people's facial features are not as big as those of the white people. Only by being thinner can the facial features look handsome and lovely. "Show" means "beauty", such as "tolerance is beauty and elegance". It is often used with the word "Qing", such as "beautiful scenery" and "fine eyes". As a beautiful image, "fine eyebrows and beautiful eyes" is obviously different from correcting Beowulf's masculine beauty of "heavy eyebrows and big eyes". The beauty that "xiu" refers to, like "Qing", should belong to the weak and thin type and have feminine beauty. For example, Wei, who is famous for his "thin waist" and "Luo Qi is unbearable", is typical of handsome men. In the visual art works of Wei and Jin Dynasties, figures with beautiful bones and clear images are definitely the mainstream. The brick painting "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest and the Prosperous Age" unearthed from the tomb of Xishan Bridge in Nanjing, in which eight celebrities are slim, with wide shoulders and thin waist, and have wide belts after taking off their coats; Another example is Gu Kaizhi's Luo Shen handed down from ancient times. The thin, sad and handsome spirit of Cao Zhi in the painting makes many people feel sad.
What is the importance of ancient men in society? Beauty is by no means the only criterion to show a man's beauty.
Male beauty with unique connotation
Actually, a handsome man doesn't mean a handsome man. Even in ancient times, people's evaluation of "male beauty" went beyond the category of "male beauty"
There is a well-known story in the Warring States Policy: Qi Guoji is more than eight feet tall and looks outstanding. At that time, there was a handsome man named Xu Gong in Qi State. One day Zou Ji dressed neatly in front of the mirror, looked around and asked his wife, "If I compare with Xu Gong in the north of the city, who is more beautiful?" His wife replied, "You are beautiful. Where did you catch up with you?" Zou Ji was not confident, so he asked his concubine, who also said that she was more beautiful than Xu Gong. Later, he went to ask the visiting guests, who repeatedly praised him for being better than Xu Gong. However, when he had the opportunity to meet Xu Gong, he found himself really far behind Xu Gong. After the story, Zou Ji went to the palace to see the King of Qi and told the story of being cheated. He analyzed that his wife said that he was beautiful because he loved him, and his concubine said that he was afraid of him. The flattery of the guests was what he wanted from him. The meaning of this story is "listening is bright, listening is dark", but we can see a very interesting phenomenon from it.
The original text said that Zou Ji was "more than eight feet long and handsome in appearance", which should be very beautiful, and he confidently put forward the question "Who is beautiful, Xu Gong and me?" As a result, Zou Ji made the conclusion that "they cheated me" to all three people who answered the question, but according to the common sense of "beauty is in the eye of the beholder" and "beauty is in the eye of the beholder", the respondents may have said what they really meant, at least they thought so. Looking at the images of many outstanding men in China's history, the conclusion about whether they are "handsome men" is equally ambiguous.
For example, Zhou Yu, a general of Dongwu and an outstanding strategist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms that he was "fit", that is, he had both body and posture. And there is circumstantial evidence: Sun Ce called "Zhou Gongjin handsome and extraordinary". Chen Shou, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, seldom praises men's looks. He can praise Zhou Yu so much, which shows that his beauty should be extraordinary. But Zhou Yu has never been passed down as a "handsome man" in history. Instead, Su Shi wrote in memory of a hero, "In the west of my hometown, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms".
Similarly, in Guan Hanqing's zaju "Single Knife Meeting", there are two words about Guan Yu, the great hero who "cut six generals through five passes" and "cut Hua Xiong with warm wine": "When he went into battle, his strength was infinite, he was as beautiful as a fairy, and he was as powerful as a tiger, just like six gods holding a living Shinto." Guan Yu, known as "Beard", is simply building temples for this loyal hero. Who says he is not beautiful in front of the majestic image?
It can be seen that people's evaluation criteria for men are not based on outstanding appearance. In other words, "handsome boy" and "handsome boy" cannot be equated.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, on the third day of the third lunar month, people went to the river to meet the water as a sacrifice. This custom of washing away ominous feelings with water is called "repair". On this day in the ninth year of Yonghe (353), Wang Xizhi, a great scholar, and Xie An and Sun Chuo, who are famous all over the world, gathered in Yinshan Lanting. The scene of this outing was recorded by a print "Lanting Painting Collection". The famous history of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is called "floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon", and his appearance is also very good, but his marriage story has nothing to do with his appearance.
At that time, Qiu was in a high position and loved talents very much. He happens to have a gentle and beautiful daughter who is going to choose a son-in-law. I heard that the children of Wang Dao, the prime minister of the dynasty, were excellent, so I sent public servants to choose a son-in-law. It is said that the sons of the Wangs are carefully decorated and sit tight. Only Wang Xizhi unbuttoned his coat and lay alone on the east bed, eating with an open stomach. The public is not satisfied with this. Go back and tell the truth. When Chi Jian heard this, he immediately chose this "casual" talented scholar as his son-in-law, because he was interested in this young man's unique sexuality. The Book of Jin recorded this story, and Shi Shuo Xin Yu also handed down idioms such as "son-in-law in the east bed" and "son-in-law in the east bed opens his belly" as beautiful talks.
This is the classic model of "gifted scholar and beautiful woman". Please note that it is not "a beautiful man with a beautiful woman". Another classic marriage mode is "beauty loves heroes". Even the widely sung story of Dong Yong and the Seven Fairies is due to Yong Dong's filial piety-he would rather sell himself into slavery in order to bury his parents. To sum up the images of respected men in ancient times, there are several kinds: gifted scholar, righteous man, noble man, ranger, hero, hermit and even rich man and dutiful son, but there are few beautiful men. The beauty of men is basically lost to other qualities.
"Shang Mo Sang" in Han Yuefu can be regarded as a typical case of ancient mate selection: beauty Qin Luofu flatly refused to come to inquire about her envoy on the grounds that she had a good enough husband, and she praised her husband like this:
"One thousand people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. What's the use of knowing your husband? A pony's white horse; Hair tied with ponytail, horsehead covered with gold; Deer sword, the deer in the waist, can be as high as10 million. A petty official in the fifteenth mansion, a doctor in the twentieth dynasty, an assistant in the thirty, and a resident in the forty cities. He is clean and white, and he has a beard. Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting inside, and they all say that their husbands are different. "
This kind of praise almost shames men who have dreamed of getting a good woman for thousands of years-Luo Fu's husband is not only clean and white, but also has a beard. There are many other things that ordinary people can't reach-property, status and reputation.
Luo Fu's husband is perfect. However, judging from the order in which she was praised, it was property, status, reputation and beauty in turn. Beauty comes last, which is an old saying: "Beauty can't be eaten." If a woman puts her life on a man's beauty, she is undoubtedly a person who doesn't know the smell of human fireworks, such as a white snake. But the person who made up the story skillfully endowed the white snake with the status of snake essence.
Handsome men can be appreciated and liked, but they cannot be relied on. This is the reality of ancient society. In fact, the implication is not profound: in the era of low productivity and clear social division of labor, men are given more social responsibilities, which can be seen from age appellation in the era of "governing the country", "causing trouble" and "leading the government". Therefore, it is not enough to be beautiful if you want to provoke the heavy responsibility of the country, the nation, the society and the family.
Men in Wei and Jin Dynasties: Feminine taste is beauty.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were extremely chaotic periods in China's history. From the separation of the Three Kingdoms to the chaos in China, and then to the confrontation between the North and the South, there were many small countries. This turbulent era is also an era of beautiful men as jade. Handsome men in this period have three hobbies. The first is a haircut, which is rare in the history of China. Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, most handsome men had long beards, and Guan Yunchang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was a bearded man. The second hobby is to apply powder and then incense, which is equivalent to wearing perfume now. In the "Three Kingdoms", it is recorded that Cao Pixun once perfumed so much that even his mount couldn't stand it, and he took a bite according to his knee. Cao Pi was so angry that he killed the horse. It can be seen that the handsome men in that period were keen on incense. At that time, men generally had female aesthetics. One of the typical representatives is Yan He, prime minister of Wei State, and Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher. Yanhe likes to wear women's clothes after work every day. Wang Xizhi, on the other hand, walks like a cloud and a dragon. He walks with a twist, which is feminine and charming.
It is true that men are beautiful and attractive, but they also have troubles. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a beautiful man who was watched to death alive-Wei Jie. Wei Jie is very beautiful, as beautiful as pearls and jadeite. Once he was surrounded by fans as soon as he went out. "The audience is like a wall." The people watching him were surrounded by three floors. Wei Jie may have fainted on the spot and died soon after returning home. This is the origin of the allusion "Watch and Kill Wei Jun". This tragedy caused by beauty is really amazing.
Shaving hair, dusting, incense, wearing women's clothes and enjoying light gait, these female aesthetics highlight the admiration of men for femininity in Wei and Jin Dynasties. People in Wei and Jin Dynasties loved beauty, which was inseparable from the war and turmoil in this particular era. In this war-torn era, my head is still around my neck today, and I don't know where to go tomorrow. Therefore, carpe diem has become a common social emotion. Sensory and externalized beauty has become the standard of public aesthetics.
But why did men's aesthetics in Wei and Jin dynasties show a feminine tendency? I'm afraid this is closely related to another fashion of people at that time, that is, taking medicine. At that time, many people took a medicine called Wushi Powder, which was a bit like Demerol now. After eating Wushisan, my face turned red and my skin was tender and bright. Therefore, Wushi powder was considered by people at that time to be a miracle medicine that could rejuvenate and live forever. In fact, taking Wushi powder is tantamount to chronic suicide, because it is a highly toxic drug. It consists of five minerals, including sulfur, timely and stalactite, which add up to great toxicity. This toxicity can make people's skin tender, mistakenly thinking that it can prolong life. But after the skin becomes tender, problems also follow. You can't wear tight clothes, or you will wear out your skin, so everyone puts on wide clothes. Shoes also began to wear clogs to reduce the friction between feet and shoes. What is even more frightening is that because the skin is too tender to take a bath, most people at that time were covered with lice, and it became a fashion that lice did not itch. Two people were talking, and one of them reached into his clothes and caught a louse, which was very fashionable at that time. It can be seen that taking medicine has brought about great changes in social aesthetics, and female beauty has become the mainstream aesthetics of society. It is often said that a large number of handsome men appeared in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which seems to be inseparable from the background and social atmosphere at that time.