The principle and idea of cyclotron were first put forward by American physicist Lawrence 1930. Ernest Orlando Lawrence (190 1 ~ 1958) is a professor at Berkeley University in the United States. He chose nuclear physics as his research topic very early. At that time, in order to study nuclear physics, Lawrence proposed a scheme to make particles move in a curve and accelerate at the same time. 1929 on the first day, just as he was thinking hard about how to obtain high-energy particles with low voltage, he saw Videro's paper on linear accelerators in Berkeley Library, and he immediately thought of whether it was possible to change the * * * vibration mode of accelerated particles, such as allowing positive ions to swirl between two semicircular electrodes under the action of a magnetic field, so as to get the method of acceleration.
1in the spring of 930, Lawrence's idea was first verified. He asked his graduate student, Nares Edlefson, to make two accelerator models with rather rough structures. Use ready-made magnets to assemble a glass vacuum chamber. The diameter of the vacuum chamber is only 10. 16 cm. Two semi-circular hollow electrodes are fixed in the chamber, and RF high voltage is applied between the electrodes. After hydrogen ion implantation, it actually shows the effect of accelerating ion cyclotron.
193 1 In the spring of, Lawrence received the first fund from the National Scientific Research Council of the United States, which made the research work progress rapidly. He also asked M.S. Livingston to make a micro cyclotron with a diameter (vacuum chamber) of 1 1.43 cm, and the voltage on two D-shaped electrodes was less than 1000, which achieved an acceleration effect of 80,000 volts. Soon, the size of cyclotron is getting bigger and bigger, and it has entered the era of standardized design and construction.
Cyclotron is not only an important equipment in nuclear physics experiments, but also widely used in industry and medical treatment.