An argumentative paper based on refutation is a refuting paper. Refuting a paper is often broken while standing, that is, while refuting the wrong argument of the other party, it puts forward its own correct point of view in tit for tat.
There are three ways to refute the wrong argument: 1. Refutation point 2. Refutation basis 3. Refute an argument
But in the final analysis, it is to refute the point of view.
Refutation is a common style of argumentative writing, which is especially valuable in criticizing and exposing some ugly social phenomena. But students often feel that they don't know where to refute and can't write. There is actually a train of thought in writing such articles, that is, 1, listing phenomena, 2, showing disadvantages, 3, exploring the root causes, and 4, pointing out the way out. This paper is suitable for high school texts. Taking Lu Xun's masterpiece "Takeism" as an example, this paper analyzes this characteristic of refuting papers.
Columnar phenomenon
List immoral phenomena in reality that hinder the healthy development of society. The typicality of case selection to alert people; The richness of the list, in order to arouse readers' * * *; The diversity of rhetoric can highlight literary talent and enhance momentum. Example:
I just studied art and recently sent a batch of antiques to Paris for exhibition. I don't know what will happen after that. There are also several "masters" holding several ancient paintings and new paintings and hanging them all the way in European countries, which is called "carrying forward the national light". I heard that Dr. Mei Lanfang will be sent to the Soviet Union to promote "symbolism" in the near future, and then he will go to Europe to preach.
Show shortcomings
Every ugly phenomenon will cause more or less social losses. Some losses are obvious, which makes people despise and spit on; But after a long time, there will be some losses, and many people can't see the harm of this imagination, so it is necessary to reveal it, which requires writers not only to have a profound vision, but also to have the ability to foresee through phenomena.
(this kind of blind delivery has caused the exhaustion of materials. Although some people say that digging underground coal is enough for the world to use for hundreds of years. But, hundreds of years later? Hundreds of years later, of course, we will become souls, or go to heaven or go to hell, but our children and grandchildren are still alive, so we should leave them some gifts. Otherwise, on the occasion of the festival ceremony, they get nothing, so they have to kowtow to each other and ask for some leftovers as a reward. This kind of reward should not be misunderstood as throwing things. It was thrown away. To put it mildly, it can be called "sending". I don't want to give examples here.
Explore the root cause
Looking at the problem from a philosophical perspective and a theoretical perspective shows the depth and breadth of thinking.
But we were frightened by what was delivered. First, British opium, abandoned guns in Germany, then French gunpowder, American movies, and various Japanese gadgets printed with "completely domestic products". Therefore, even sober young people are disgusted with foreign goods. In fact, this is precisely because it is "sending" rather than "bringing".
find a way out
Have a long-term vision and strategic vision, and point out a way to solve the problem for readers. From the perspectives of education, government regulation and guidance, and severe punishment by law.
So use your head, open your eyes and get it yourself!
Anyway, we must take it with us. We want to use it, store it, or destroy it. Then, if the owner is a new owner, the house becomes a new one. However, first of all, this person should be calm, brave, discerning and not selfish. Without it, you can't be a newcomer. Without bringing it, literature and art can't become new literature and art.
For another example: "Don't let the hero burst into tears", you can write the following outline.
The first layer: don't do it yourself, stop and restrict others; Seeing honor, jealousy and denigrating others: this is a typical performance of people who make' heroes' cry.
The second layer: hurting others, making the hero feel like dying; Harm society and make society healthy and depressed. It is the danger of making the' hero' cry.
The third layer: strong personal desire, strong jealousy, narrow-mindedness, and belief in "everyone for me" are the fundamental reasons for the tears of' heroes'.
The fourth layer: we are not afraid of gossip, and we are opposed to being jealous of talents. This is our correct attitude towards this outrageous behavior; Strengthening moral education and protecting the rights and interests of heroes are the correct measures for us to deal with this outrageous behavior.
The above is the author's thinking on refuting the writing of the paper. I hope that the majority of candidates can actively learn from them, show deep and long-term vision and far-sighted views in the examination room, and win the exam.