1, mistook the outline for an abstract and listed the title or argument.

This is the most common mistake in abstract writing. Some authors often copy down the titles of papers and put them together, or choose a first sentence from each paragraph, thinking that this is the abstract. This is indeed the most convenient but the worst method.

2, a lot of background and known common sense, superficial, not in-depth focus.

We should pay attention to reflecting the new contents and new viewpoints of the manuscript and avoid writing all the contents (even the most important ones) involved in the original text into the abstract. Different from textbooks and popular science books, academic papers mainly publish original scientific research results, and the readers are mostly peer experts, so there is no need to introduce well-known professional common sense abstractly. The abstract is more different from the editor's note and does not need background explanation.

3, too simple, not deep enough

When we discussed the types of abstracts before, we said that academic papers are suitable for report abstracts and instruction report abstracts. A simple indicative abstract is too simple and does not involve research methods and results, which is a method that we should avoid when writing academic papers. However, some authors prefer this kind of indicative abstract in some abstract writing. Its shortcomings are: the content is single, the information is insufficient, the structural elements of the abstract are incomplete, the number of students is small, and the abstract cannot play its due role.

4. The abstract becomes the repetition of the title content.

Some abstracts are similar to the title of the paper or the title of the text, or the title of the paper is repeated at the beginning of the abstract, which will also reduce the information value of the abstract, and the language is not concise enough and the information expression is simple.

5. Repeat the beginning or end of the article.

The beginning and end of the paper are very important, but the excerpts at the beginning and end are not the same as abstracts, but an accurate and complete condensation of the original text and the essence of the paper. Of course, it is not excluded that there will be some essence at the beginning and end of the paper. However, it should be pointed out that the abstract with the beginning and the end often fails to grasp the key points, is easy to usurp the role of the host, and is poor in readability, and cannot concisely and accurately express the key elements of the abstract.

6. Use modest words and other meaningless words.

We should also avoid unnecessary related words in the abstract, and exclamations and interrogative words are also taboo words in the abstract. When writing an abstract, you should choose words carefully, be concise in language and cherish ink like gold. As the carrier and leader of academic information, if there is no digression or information meaning in the abstract.

It is often seen that authors call their research abstract: superficial views, one-hole views, a little knowledge, a little attempt and so on. Regardless of whether modesty is a virtue or a lack of confidence. Such words appear in the abstract and have no information value, which affects the conciseness of the language. At the beginning of some abstracts, "this paper", "this research topic" and "author" often appear, which are meaningless things, because readers already know which paper and author they are by reading, and it is of no information value to appear in the abstract.