I. Citations in the text
Direct quotation
1. Omission in references
Citation of original materials: when quoting directly in the text, the author and year should be indicated, and the page number should be marked in brackets. If there is any missing information, when using English, three ellipses should be used in the sentence (…), and six ellipses should be used in Chinese; If the information between two sentences is omitted, English should be marked with four ellipses (‥‥) and Chinese should be marked with six ellipses (…). If you want to insert your own explanation in the direct quotation, you should use square brackets []. If there are any spelling, grammar or punctuation errors in the material that will confuse readers, you should insert [original] immediately after the quotation and use Chinese [original]. Here are some examples:
For example, DSM iv defines this disease as a chronic depression that "in at least two years, most of the day is more than usual (standard A)" ... In children, the emotion may be irritability rather than depression, and the minimum duration required is only one year "(APA, 1994, p. 345).
Example 2: Issac (1995) pointed out that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon, but may be the most easily diagnosed disease for children and adolescents in similar environments ... and may be the most common diagnosis among adolescents remanded to such environments by the court" (page 275).
2. Large quotations
When Chinese quotation exceeds 160 words, quotation marks are not used, but in the form of "block" (the quotation starts from a new line, the first line is indented by 4 spaces, the two ends are aligned, and then each line is indented).
When English quotations exceed 40 words, quotation marks are not used, but in the form of "block" (the quotation starts from a new line, the first line is indented by 5 spaces, aligned to the left, and then each line is indented).
Elkind (1978) said:
On the whole, our findings support Piaget's view.
Intelligence is neither completely innate nor completely innate, but is gradually constructed through gradually developing perceptual rules. This chapter also tries to prove the applicability of Piaget's theory to practical problems by summarizing some studies on the first reading analysis. (p. 183)
(2) Indirect reference
1. Basic format
When the same author is quoted repeatedly in the same paragraph, the date must be written for the first time, and the date can be omitted after the second time.
A. English literature: In the recent study of reaction time, Walker (2000) described this method … Walker also found that …
China Literature: Li (2004) put forward the importance of conceptual metaphor, … Li also suggested. ...
2. Single author
A English literature: surname (year of publication or publication) or (surname, year of publication or publication).
For example: Potter (2001) ... or ... (Potter, 2006 54 38+0).
B China Literature: Name (year of publication or publication) or (name, year of publication or publication).
For example: Yang (20 1 1) ... or ... (Yang, 2011).
3. Two authors
When quoting in English, use the surnames of the two authors in brackets, connect them with "&",and connect the two authors with "and" in the text.
When quoting in Chinese, use the names of two authors in brackets and connect them with a pause. In the article, the two authors are linked by words like "he", "he" and "he".
For example:
(Smith & Jones, 1994), or discovered by Smith and Jones (1994). ....
1994 Smith and Jones studied ... always mentioning these two names at the same time in the text.
Chen Guohua and Tian Bing (2008) think that … or … (Chen Guohua, Tian Bing, 2008).
4. Three to five authors
When English first quotes references, it lists the surnames of all authors except the last author, who adds "&"in the text and "&"in brackets. In addition to contact, other previous authors use commas ","; Later, when quoted, the first author's surname was used in English, followed by "et al".
When citing references in Chinese for the first time, list the names of all the authors, except that the last two authors are connected by "and", and the previous author uses pause ","; When quoting later, add the word "equal to" to the first author.
For example:
Differences were found in Strasbourg, Joergensen and Landells (1996). ...
Strasbourg et al. (1996) also created the test. ...
Starberg and others founded the discipline ... (the same paragraph is used again, and the year is omitted at this time).
Wei Naixing, Li Wenzhong and Pu Jianzhong (2005) pointed out that … or … (Wei Naixing, Li Wenzhong and Pu Jianzhong, 2005). (first time to use)
Wei Naixing and others (2005) pointed out that … or … (Wei Naixing and others, 2005). (second use)
5. Six or more authors.
When using English, only use the first person's surname plus "etc."; When using Chinese, only the first author's name is listed, plus "and so on".
For example:
Pouliquen et al. (2003) ... or ... (Pouliquen et al., 2003)
Wang Hongjun et al. (2007) … or … (Wang Hongjun et al., 2007).
6. Group author
When using Chinese, use the full name for the first time, for example, (School of Education Science, Capital Normal University, 2001); Abbreviations can be used afterwards. For example, according to a survey conducted by the Institute of Educational Sciences of the First Normal University (200 1),
When using English, the first citation should spell out the group, for example, (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH],1996); In the future, it will be represented by the group abbreviation plus the year, for example, the nimh being checked (1996). ....
7. Literature without an author
When a work has no author, quote the first few words (usually the title) and year in the bibliography. For example, a survey on adult depression ("Research Findings", 1997) reported that.
When the author of a work is listed as "Anonymous", or "Anonymous" or "Anonymous" is used in Chinese, English uses "Anonymous" with comma and year (Anonymous, 1997), and Chinese uses "Anonymous" with comma and year (Anonymous, 1997).
8. The authors of English documents share the same surname.
When the surnames of the authors in English literature are the same, all the authors with the same surnames quote their full names in their papers to avoid confusion.
For example: R.D. Luce (1995) and G.E. Luce (1988).
9. Many documents
A. Multiple documents of the same author
If an author has many documents you want to quote, use a comma to distinguish the publication year of the work (from earliest to latest). If more than one document has been published in the same year, please add A, B, C, etc. Years later. (Press: the use of abc should correspond to references, and the arrangement of these documents is determined by the letters of the title. )
For example:
1) A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b).
2) Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study and found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
B. Many documents and authors
Literature is arranged according to surname letters (strokes) and publication year, and semicolons are used between different authors. Separate, the documents of the same author in different years are separated by commas.
For example: ... (Boutler,1992; Lasker & swanson, 1993a, 1993b).
For example: ... (Dong Wei, 2065438+00; Zhou Yin, 20 1 1a, 20 1 1b).