Marx and modern history model essay: Marx's view on the war of aggression against China: an interpretation of the British barbarism in China; Marx.
China has a long history of 5,000 years, which is divided into three parts: ancient history, modern history and modern history. From the ancient farming civilization in China to the intelligent age of modern science and technology, it was not a cold day. The modern history, which connects the preceding with the following, is not so much a sunbathing in which Chinese civilization faded from floating colors as a history of blood and tears in which Chinese sons and daughters used hoes as spears.
The rise of the industrial revolution, like a bubble in the sun, sent the colorful wealth dreams of westerners to the vast and densely populated East. The incompatibility between western capitalism and China's feudal farming thought triggered the first Opium War. Since then, a century-long modern history of ministers has begun. However, China, the defeated country, was suppressed by the British and other western powers in politics, military affairs, diplomacy and people's life.
Marx mentioned archery rowing in his article? Insult? . Yarrow is a small boat from China, used to smuggle smuggled salt. There are several gangsters, pirates and smugglers from China on board. The anti-smuggling navy learned that these criminals were on board and arrested them. However, the captain complained to the British consul because the seizure hindered the shipper's business. He hurried back to the consulate and made a written request to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in an imperative tone: release the arrested person and apologize, and write to John at the same time? Sir Pauling and Admiral Simi mcquarrie said that he and the British flag had suffered intolerable insults, which obviously suggested that the long-awaited opportunity to hold a demonstration in Guangzhou had arrived. The arrival of the British fleet led by General Sima Mi Geli immediately started another round of red tape: the navy general was overbearing and aggressive, while the Governor of China was calm and polite. General simamigri asked to meet in Guangzhou. Governor Ye said it was against precedent, and George? Sir Winham promised not to mention this request. If necessary, he is willing to meet outside the city as usual, or take other ways that do not violate China's habits and time-honored etiquette to meet the wishes of the navy generals. But all this failed to satisfy the British military representatives in the East. An extremely unjust war, so absurd reasons began. Innocent residents and businessmen who lived and worked in Guangzhou were massacred, their houses were razed to the ground by gunfire and their human rights were violated. All this happened in? China's provocative behavior endangers the safety of British life and property? What happened under this untenable excuse! Our vast territory was trampled at the feet of a British general and consul in this way, and it was really chilling and heartbreaking to provoke a meaningless war that harmed the people for barbaric self-interest.
We don't deny the Excellence of British democracy, nor do we just sacrifice the safety of others for the benefit of our own people.
Democracy at the expense of danger is hypocritical, but it is only a cover for greed. ? Our country's rights under this treaty have been destroyed, and the local people who are responsible for protecting our country's interests in that part of the world not only have reason but also have the obligation to use the means they can to express their indignation at these atrocities. ? This was a speech delivered by British Prime Minister Lord Pa Max Don. They attacked China people for violating their treaty obligations, insulted the British flag and humiliated foreigners living in China, but they couldn't come up with a reasonable reason to explain right and wrong. The truth has also been distorted beyond recognition by the rhetoric in parliament, so that those who really want to find out the truth of this problem are deeply wrong.
Of course, the reason is, what caused China to be trampled on? I was deeply impressed by Marx's words: the fire ignited by China and Chou Ying in the suppressed Opium War broke out into a fire of anger that no peaceful and friendly expression could put out. ? The failure of the Opium War and the signing of the overlord clause gave Britain a pass to do whatever it wanted. At the end of the day, China's national strength is weak, people are in panic, and there are domestic and foreign troubles! Moreover, China at that time was not all as just and proud as we thought. Like up there? Insult? The arrow mentioned in the article, there are pirates and smugglers from China on board, working for the British and making profits! What a ridiculous logic it is for the British to attack China for a group of China people. Therefore, while blaming the British, China people should also review themselves.
In the long river of modern history, China zigzagged into modern times. It has been witnessed in many lands that countries without strength will eventually become colonies of other countries. This is true for the country and the people. Marx saw Britain's brutal aggression against China, which was a kind of sympathy. As the parties, we should not only vent our anger, but also reflect after falling.
On Marx and Modern History —— On the Sinicization of Marxism from 30 Years of Reform and Opening-up
Abstract: China held the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1979. After that, China entered the process of reform and opening up. After the turbulent period and the destruction of national economic and political construction, China has ushered in a period of rapid development. So far, the achievements of reform and opening up are remarkable. While people understand the great role of reform and opening up, they should also see that it embodies the China of Marxism. Then, how does the reform and opening up reflect the process of Marxism in China/what is the significance of Marxism in China? This article will focus on these.
First, the background of reform and opening up
(1) Domestic background:
China chose the socialist road from 1956, and put forward good ideas on how to learn from the Soviet Union and explore China's own socialist construction road from the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. However, due to? Left? The influence of tilt error begins with 1957, which is the beginning in Comrade Xiaoping's words? Twenty years of left mistakes? . After 1976, after the end of "",China was faced with such a picture:
Politically,? ""? Seriously confusing the enemy and ourselves, seriously trampling on socialist democracy and legal system, resulting in a mountain of unjust, false and misjudged cases. Party and government organizations at all levels, people's congresses at all levels and CPPCC organizations have been paralyzed and abnormal for a long time. Dictatorship organs such as public security, procuratorial and judicial organs and organs for maintaining social order have all been messed up.
Economically, "? It has caused great losses to our national economy. 197765438+February, according to Li Xiannian's estimation at the national planning meeting,? ""? In the past decade, national income alone has lost 500 billion yuan.
Culturally, this started from the cultural field? The great revolution? The damage of UNESCO is particularly serious. Numerous outstanding cultural heritages of the Chinese nation have been destroyed, and a large number of intellectuals with expertise have been brutally persecuted.
What about ideologically? ""? It has also caused unprecedented ideological confusion among the whole nation, and party building and social atmosphere have been seriously damaged.
(2) International background:
The gap between China and foreign countries in economic and technological development is widening further. The ambassador to China is under great pressure. The economies of the United States, Europe and Japan developed at a high speed until the oil crisis broke out in 1973. This period is also called the second economic development of developed capitalist countries? Golden age? .
1976 lasted for ten years? ""? It's over, and China has a great chance to start over. Faced with such a turning point, China can no longer afford to lose.
On may 1978, 1 1, Guangming daily published the article "practice is the only criterion for testing truth", which established? Practice? Supreme authority, not naming and criticizing? Two whatevers? .
From 1978, 165438+ 10, 10 to 65438+February, 15, the Central Working Conference was held for 36 days. On the third day after the closing of the Central Working Conference, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held. The plenary session completely denied it? Two whatevers? Policy, re-establish the guiding ideology of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, and decide to implement reform and opening up.
Second, the significance of reform and opening up
After the reform and opening up, compared with 30 years ago, it is really very different. Judging from the focus of the work of the whole party and the whole country, it has already changed from focusing on class struggle to focusing on economic construction; What is the difference between the ownership of the means of production and the past? One, two, three, pure? Public ownership dominates the world and turns into an economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership systems developing together; From the perspective of economic system, it has changed from a highly centralized and unified planned economic system to a market economic system; From the social state, it has changed from a closed and rigid society to an increasingly active society that is open to the outside world, integrated into the world and comprehensively reformed; From the starting point, in the past, building socialism emphasized making contributions to the country and mankind, but now it emphasizes improving people's lives and putting people first.
It is in the process of advancing with the times to explore and answer major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is, how to build socialism, what kind of party to build, how to build the party, what kind of development to achieve, and how to develop the party, that our party has continuously promoted the China of Marxism, and at the same time, it has created a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and expanded the new realm of Marxism in contemporary China. Facts have eloquently proved that reform and opening up is the key choice to determine the fate of contemporary China and the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only socialism can save China, and only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.
In this profound social change, we still face many difficulties and problems, and there will be twists and turns in our progress and challenges in our development. Reform cannot be smooth sailing, nor can it be accomplished overnight. In order to make greater achievements, we must persevere.
Three, thirty years of reform and opening up and the China of Marxism.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, our party has taken Marxism as its core content and formed the Deng Xiaoping Theory? Theory of Three Represents theory? Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Scientific Outlook on Development has been the important thought and innovative achievement of Marxism in China. This theoretical system is an important guiding ideology for the development of China's socialist cause, with distinctive scientific, systematic, pioneering, inheritance and development, epochal, pragmatic and open features. Grasping these important characteristics and development laws of theoretical innovation of Marxism in China in the past 30 years of reform and opening up will help comprehensively promote the sound and rapid development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause and prove the correctness of the guiding ideology with Marxism as the core. These are all related to the China of Marxism.
The sinicization of Marxism is manifested in time and space. In time, the localization of Marxism in China requires keeping pace with the times, that is, realizing the modernization of Marxism. The purpose of China Marxism is to solve the central problems faced by China in different historical periods.
China Marxism, as far as its original intention is concerned, is to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China. Specifically, it is to further combine the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of China, the history of China and the culture of China, so as to nationalize and concretize Marxism in China and form a Marxist theory with China style, thus guiding the practice of revolution, construction and reform in China.
Striving for national independence and people's liberation is the first major problem that China should solve. How to combine Marxism with China's revolutionary reality, find a revolutionary road in line with China's reality, and establish a new socialist system of people's democracy is the theme that Marxism in China needs to answer. With Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, the producers of China * * * insisted on taking Marxism as the guidance, opened up a socialist revolutionary road with China characteristics, led the people of China to win the new-democratic revolution, and made China society successfully enter the socialist society from the new-democratic society.
Constantly innovating and perfecting the system is the second major problem to be solved in China Marxism, and it is also the embodiment of the advanced nature of Marxism. How to combine Marxism with the reality of China's reform and opening-up, find the road of system reform with China characteristics, and build a dynamic new socialist system is a subject that needs to be answered in the China of Marxism. If Marxism is to be passed down, it is particularly important to maintain its advanced nature and combine it with contemporary society.
To promote the theoretical innovation of Marxism in China is to combine the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality, and constantly make new theoretical generalizations that meet the requirements of China's social development and progress and people's practical needs, so that contemporary China Marxism has more distinctive practical characteristics, national characteristics and characteristics of the times, thus better providing scientific theoretical guidance for the development of the cause of the party and the people under the new historical conditions.
As the chief architect of reform and opening-up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, based on the reality of China, has planned a gradual reform route from rural areas to cities, from coastal areas to inland areas, and from outside the system to within the system, unifying the strength of reform, the speed of development and the degree that society can bear, promoting reform and development in social stability, maintaining social stability in the process of reform and development, and achieving great achievements that attract worldwide attention. In the past, the third generation of collective leadership with Jiang as the core put forward? Theory of Three Represents theory? Spirit, always maintain the advanced nature of the party and inherit the essence of Marxism, inherit and carry forward Marxism, combine with the current development of China, keep pace with the times, and reflect the advanced nature of Marxism in the times.
Scientific theory needs to be tested by practice, and practice is the only criterion for testing truth. In the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theoretical system formed by our party in the practice of theoretical innovation is not only formed in practice, but also needs to be tested by practice. China's great achievements in the past 30 years of reform and opening-up have fully proved the correctness of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theoretical system. Therefore, this theoretical system has remarkable scientific nature and strong vitality, and it is a scientific theory that guides China's reform, opening up, socialist modernization and the new great project of party building in the new period.
Reform and opening up is a great cause in the new period and must be guided by scientific theory. Without Marxism, reform and opening up will fail if Marxism is not combined with the concrete reality of China. With the advancement of reform and opening up, the sinicization of Marxism in the new era should and must move forward, and must keep up with the pace of reform and opening up and constantly innovate and develop. Only by following the pace of reform and opening up, can China Marxism give full play to its guiding role in reform and opening up.
In the new era, Marxism in China is advancing with the expansion of reform and opening up, which makes Marxism glow with vitality in China. It is the practice of reform and opening up that constantly pushes our understanding of Marxism in China from abstract to concrete, from perceptual to rational, and constantly pushes Marxism in China to a new theoretical realm. The formulation of the strategic goal of reform and opening up, the choice of development path and the implementation of development measures are all promoting the China of Marxism. Therefore, we should adhere to the guidance of scientific theory reflecting the characteristics of the times and practical requirements, and promote the China of Marxism according to the fresh experience of reform and opening up.
Four, how to further deepen the reform and opening up and develop Marxism in China.
To deepen reform and opening up, we must always adhere to the correct direction of reform and opening up. We should pay attention to improving the scientificity of reform decision-making, enhancing the coordination of reform measures, and correctly handling the relationship between reform, development and stability. We should closely focus on the new requirements of achieving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, implement the spirit of reform and innovation in all aspects of governing the country, continuously deepen the reform of the socialist market economic system and reform and innovation in all aspects, seize the opportunity to achieve new breakthroughs in some important fields and key links, and strive to build a dynamic, efficient, more open and more scientific development system and mechanism. Must? Adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world and put? Bring it in? And then what? Go out? Better integration, expand the field of opening up, optimize the structure of opening up, improve the quality of opening up, improve the internal and external linkage, mutual benefit and win-win, safe and efficient open economic system, and form new advantages in participating in international economic cooperation and competition under the conditions of economic globalization. ?
Marxism in China is an open system. Only by constantly innovating and promoting its development can we maintain our vitality forever and better guide our direction. We should respect the initiative of the masses and guide them to identify with Marxism. Want to achieve cadres? Preach? With what? Lead by example? Combined with? Lead by example? Mainly. Under the current situation, it is not up to party member cadres to effectively promote the popularization of Marxism in contemporary China. Preach? Marxism is not about innovating ways and means, but about how leading cadres act on their own. The influence and appeal of Marxism has never been manifested, but caused by the actions of advanced elements.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Marxism in China is a process of continuous progress and development. We should not only innovate in theory, but also put it into practice, and constantly push the theory to develop in the right direction in the test of practice. The healthy development of Marxism in China must be combined with the history of China, the traditional culture of China and the reality of China, so that it can be closer to people's lives, better serve the people, make people feel the tangible benefits brought by the development of Marxism in China, and make the China development of Marxism better and faster. The great achievement of reform and opening up lies in the persistence and development of Marxism in China, which embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of producers in China, and is inseparable from the latest achievements of Marxism in China. The reform and opening up has continuously opened up a new stage of Marxism in China in the new period, and promoted a new leap in Marxism in China in the new period. The history of reform and opening-up is the history of constantly exploring, advancing and realizing Marxism in China in the new period. With the deepening of reform and opening-up, the sinicization of Marxism in the new era is bound to continue to advance in the new era and practice, and it is bound to radiate more brilliant truth.