There are three elements in reading argumentative essays, namely arguments, arguments and arguments. In addition, we should grasp the structure and language of the essay. Argument is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing. Generally, an argumentative paper has only one central argument, and some argumentative papers also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. The central argument of an argumentative paper is generally put forward in the title, beginning and end of the article. Some articles put forward arguments only after quoting a passage or an event, and some articles have no clear central argument and need to be summarized by readers themselves. 2. debate. Arguments are the basis for the author to elaborate or demonstrate arguments, and there are generally two types: one is factual arguments (including historical facts, typical cases, statistical data, etc.). ), and the other is rational argumentation (Marxist-Leninist theory, famous sayings, recognized facts, proverbs, theorems and formulas, principles of natural science, etc.). The factual arguments in argumentative papers must be typical examples that can best reflect the essence of things, and the rational arguments that prove the arguments are all truths that can correctly reflect the objective reality. Fully understanding the meaning of these irrefutable facts and the truth expounded by these theories can help us fully understand the argument. When reading argumentative essays, analyzing arguments is the basis for accurately grasping different emphases of arguments. It is also the best test of whether the argument you are looking for is correct. 3. argument. Argumentative writing is the process of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the link between arguments and arguments, which directly affects the persuasiveness of arguments. In the process of using arguments to prove arguments, we should use appropriate argumentation methods to demonstrate more forcefully and vividly. More vivid. Junior high school mainly studies factual argument, citation argument, comparative argument and figurative argument. Fact demonstration is a method to demonstrate my point of view by quoting some facts as needed, and quoting conclusive and typical facts, so that my point of view can be strongly supported. Citing argument is a method to demonstrate my point of view according to recognized scientific truth, scientific judgments and famous sayings of Marxist-Leninist classic writers. This method embodies the strength of theory and the ideological depth of the article. It can make the argument authoritative and persuasive. Comparative argument is a method of comparing the pros and cons of a thing with the pros and cons to demonstrate a point of view. In this way, right and wrong can be compared clearly, right and wrong can be more clear, and the impression is more vivid and profound. Metaphor argument is an argument method to prove the correctness of views with vivid metaphors. Because people take familiar things as metaphors, profound truths can be popular. Easily accepted. 4. structure The most common structure of argumentative writing is the "total-sub-total" structure, that is, the basic structural model of "introduction-theory-conclusion". Some argumentative papers are "total-divided" or "divided-divided" structures, which are rare. There are also some special ones. According to the change of expression, it is divided into two parts: "narration-discussion". 5. language The most important characteristics of argumentative language are accuracy, strictness and vivid feelings. Attention should be paid to understanding the meaning of words in the context, what they mean and the role of modifying restrictive words. The thoughts and feelings of argumentative writing can not be separated from the central argument. We should pay attention to the feelings between the lines and the expressive functions of sentences such as irony, exclamation, rhetorical question and double negation. To understand the language of argumentative writing, it is more important to understand and analyze the relationship between sentences and paragraphs. Sentence is a language unit that expresses a complete meaning, so understanding and clarifying the relationship between sentences is the basis of understanding paragraphs. Names and paragraphs are also inextricably linked. They are all the same.

2. Knowledge points of argumentative writing

Knowledge points of argumentative reading

Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argumentation. In addition, we must grasp the structure and language of the article.

1, independent variable. Argumentative writing is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. The central argument of an argumentative paper is generally put forward at the title, beginning and end of the article. Some articles put forward arguments only after quoting a passage or an event. Some articles don't have a clear central argument, so readers need to summarize it themselves.

2. debate. Argument is the basis for the author to expound or demonstrate his argument. Generally speaking, arguments are divided into two categories: one is factual arguments (including historical facts, typical cases, statistical data, etc. ), and the other is rational argumentation (Marxist-Leninist theory, famous sayings, recognized facts, proverbs, theorems and formulas, principles of natural science, etc.). The factual arguments in argumentative essays must be typical examples that can best reflect the essence of things, and the truth arguments that prove the arguments are all truths that can correctly reflect the objective reality. Fully understanding the meaning of these irrefutable facts and the truth expounded by these theories can help us fully understand the argument. When reading an argumentative essay, analyzing the argument is the basis for accurately grasping the different emphases of the argument, and it is also the best verification of whether the argument is correct.

3. demonstrate. Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the logical connection between arguments, which directly affects the persuasiveness of arguments. In the process of using arguments to prove arguments, we should use appropriate argumentation methods, which are more powerful, vivid and vivid. Junior high school mainly studies factual argument, citation argument, comparative argument and figurative argument. Fact argument is a method of demonstrating opinions by citing certain facts as needed, and quoting conclusive and typical facts, so that opinions can be strongly supported. Citation argument is a method to demonstrate opinions according to recognized scientific truth, scientific judgment of Marxist-Leninist classic writers and famous sayings. This method embodies the strength of theory and the ideological depth of the article, which can make the discussion authoritative and convincing. Comparative argument is a method of comparing the positive and negative aspects of a thing to demonstrate a point of view. In this way, right and wrong can be contrasted clearly, right and wrong are more distinct, and people are more vivid and profound. Metaphor argument is a kind of argument method to prove the correctness of viewpoint by image metaphor. Because people take familiar things as metaphors, profound truths can be easily understood and accepted.

4. structure The most common structure of argumentative essays is the "total-sub-total" structure, that is, the basic structural model of "introduction-theory-conclusion" and argumentative essays with the structure of "total-sub" or "sub-total" are rare. There are also some special structures, such as "juxtaposition" structure and "conjunction" structure, which are divided into "narrative-discussion" according to the change of expression.

5. language The main characteristics of argumentative language are accuracy, strictness and vivid feelings. Attention should be paid to understanding the meaning of words in the context, referring to the content of words and modifying the function of restrictive words. The thoughts and feelings of argumentative writing can not be separated from the central argument, so we should pay attention to the feelings between the lines and the expressive functions of sentences such as irony, exclamation, slogan, rhetorical question and double negation. To understand the language of argumentative writing, it is more important to understand and analyze the relationship between sentences and paragraphs. Sentence is a language unit that expresses a complete meaning, so understanding sentences and clarifying the relationship between sentences is the basis of understanding paragraphs. There is also an inseparable relationship between famous paragraphs, which plays a role in explaining the central argument. Therefore, reading the key paragraphs in the text and clarifying the relationship between the key paragraphs and other paragraphs will promote the reading and understanding of the full text.

3. All the knowledge about argumentative writing

Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions.

Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of argumentation are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.

When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions.

This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write.

It also requires the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is comparative writing. Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint.

This kind of article either puts forward some views and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative essays.

Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By stating facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition.

Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic. Tri-argument is an expression that the author analyzes and comments on objective things to show his views, opinions and attitudes. It usually consists of three parts: argument, argument and argument.

Argumentative essay type: 1 Argumentative essay is the author's opinion, viewpoint and proposition on a certain issue or a certain kind of event in the article, which requires correctness, distinctiveness and pertinence. For example, the article "Persistence is Victory" holds that persistence is an important condition for a person to achieve academic or career success.

"Persistence is victory" People want to achieve something in their careers or studies, but only some people have won, while quite a few people have fallen into the pain of failure. Why is this? As the saying goes, "success comes naturally."

It stands to reason that those losers can completely taste the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for victory, that is, persistence. This is the reason why they failed.

In the above proverb, the meaning of "persistence" has been implied in "achievement". Obviously, if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, in addition to personal efforts, persistence is also an important condition to achieve this goal.

Dickens, a famous British writer, usually pays great attention to observing and experiencing life. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, he insists on going to the streets to observe and listen every day, recording the odds and ends of pedestrians and accumulating rich living materials. In this way, he wrote a wonderful description of the dialogue between characters in david copperfield and left a vivid description of the social background in A Tale of Two Cities, thus becoming a generation of British writers and achieving great success in his literary career.

Edison spent ten years developing storage batteries, during which he kept gritting his teeth. After about 50 thousand experiments, he finally succeeded in inventing the battery and was awarded the reputation of "the king of invention" Dickens and Edison won the final victory by persistence.

Insist that Dickens left many excellent works for people and added many fine works to the treasure house of world literature. Persistence enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and made indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people achieve career and academic success.

Those losers often give up their efforts at the last minute and miss success. I remember that a chemist in Sweden seemed to find a new element when extracting iodine from seawater, but he flinched in the face of this complicated extraction and experiment.

When another chemist spent a year, after numerous experiments, he finally added a new member to the element family-bromine, which made him immortal, the Swedish chemist could only watch each other silently immersed in the joy of victory. Two chemists, one of whom persevered and won; The other one didn't hold on and didn't succeed.

It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when the light comes, the more at such a moment.

The more you need to persist. Because persistence is victory.

(Li Sheng). Argument Argument is evidence to prove the correctness of argument. To prove the correctness of the argument, first of all, the argument must make people feel authentic and can fully prove the argument. Secondly, the argument should be typical, which can achieve the effect of "taking one as ten".

Third, the arguments should be novel, and try to find some fresh arguments that can give people new feelings and enlightenment. For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists quoted in the article Persistence is Victory are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and credible.

3. Argumentation process Argumentation process refers to the process of explaining and proving the correctness of an argument with evidence. It requires profound and thorough exposition and pays attention to the art of reasoning. Taking the exercise "Persistence is Victory" as an example, this composition uses two typical examples: the stories of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists.

Step 4 debate knowledge

Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argument (clear argument, conclusive argument and rigorous argument) 1. Features of the argument: ① Correct ② Method of clearly summarizing the argument: 1, title 2, beginning 3, ending 4, middle: ① Inferring the argument by summarizing the similarity of the argument ② Sentence summarizing the central argument (such as this) I think; In short ...) (3) First find out the theme of the article, then find out the repeated similar judgment words in the article according to the theme, merge similar items, and finally draw a conclusion.

Note: The sentence of inductive argument must be a complete and clear sentence of affirmative judgment. Second, arguments factual arguments (such as real events, historical facts, statistical data, specific figures, etc.). Theoretical argumentation: (including people's recognized principles, formulas, definitions, laws, laws, famous sayings and aphorisms, etc. )

Summarize the main points of the argument: * * people+how to do it (closely related to the argument)+results Note: There may be some specific facts in the quotation, which belong to the factual argument. Third, demonstration methods and their functions: example demonstration (case demonstration), quotation demonstration (reason demonstration), metaphor demonstration and contrast demonstration (positive and negative contrast demonstration).

1, example method (putting facts): a specific and typical argument that has been fully proved. 2. Quote (reasoning): What is quoted to demonstrate an argument and make it convincing.

3. Metaphor (reasoning): Illustrate an argument in an image to make reasoning easier to understand. 4. Contrast method (reasoning): through comparison, highlight an argument and make reasoning more vivid.

Fourth, analyze the argumentative expression 1. The narrative in argumentative essays is often very general, and its function is to prove a point or proposition with facts. 2. Sometimes there are vivid descriptions in argumentative essays. Function: Prove a point more vividly.

3. Lyricism in the discussion will make the discussion more infectious and deeply rooted in people's hearts. 5. Linguistic features of argumentative essays: preciseness and accuracy; Argumentation methods of intransitive verbs: argumentation and refutation; Seven. Argumentation structure: raising questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions).

References:

zhidao.baidu/question/30855358。

5. Physical knowledge in gymnastics. For a 3000-word composition, please summarize the physical knowledge of gymnastics.

I found several aspects of knowledge for the landlord, all by the landlord himself. The balance beam is very narrow and the supporting surface is very small, so it is difficult to let the body's center of gravity fall on the balance beam, and the body is in danger of falling at any time. Life experience tells us that when the body is shaking and falling, people often swing their arms to make the body swing again, which is the line of action to adjust the center of gravity and make it pass through the supporting surface. In order to regain balance, gymnasts often do this on the balance beam. Gymnasts are generally shorter for stability. When landing, they bend their legs to cushion and prevent injuries. Put magnesium powder on their hands to prevent them from slipping. The balance beam has strong balance ability. (Moment) rings have knowledge of angular momentum. Pommel horse has acceleration, rigid body rotation, floor exercise and friction work.

6. Basic knowledge of argumentative writing

Explain in detail the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation: it is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and the soul of argumentative writing.

1. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. Sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as we study the relationship between these arguments, we can distinguish between master and slave. 2. How to find the central argument?

Argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view, and a complete sentence in form. Location can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some need to be summarized by readers.

Independent variable: 1. Factual argument: Facts play an obvious role in argumentative writing. Analyze the facts, see the truth clearly, and check whether it is consistent with the logic of the article. 2. Reasoning and argumentation: Argumentation is always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the result of abstracting and summarizing a large number of facts.

Argumentative essay: Arguments and arguments in argumentative essays are organized through argumentative essays. Argumentative writing is the process and method of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the Luo Ji relationship link between arguments.

Argumentation is to solve "what needs to be proved", argumentation is to solve "what to prove" and argumentation is to solve "how to prove". There are several ways to demonstrate: 1. Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument; 2. Reasoning and argumentation: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas to prove the argument; 3. Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments in the West, and prove the arguments in comparison; 4. Metaphorical argument: use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument.

In addition, in refutation, the refutation methods of "attacking shield with spear" and "reducing to absurdity" are often adopted. It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.

7. What is the knowledge about argumentative writing?

First, the three elements of argumentative writing

Argumentative writing mainly includes three elements: argument, argument and argumentation method. The argument must be correct. This argument is used to illustrate this argument. It should be reliable and sufficient. Facts speak louder than words and are the best argument. Arguments can also be accepted truths and philosophies that have been tested by practice. There are many ways to demonstrate, and the commonly used methods are:

1. induction

From the typical analysis, that is, the analysis of individual things, find out the similarities and differences of things, and then draw conclusions.

2. Reasoning method

Starting from the general principle, explain and analyze individual things, and then draw a conclusion.

3. Inspection method

Compare all the facts and aspects, then analyze them and draw a conclusion.

4. Refutation method

First list the wrong views, then refute them one by one, and finally clarify your own views.

Second, the characteristics of argumentative writing

The structure of an argumentative essay generally consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion sentence. Generally, an argument is put forward in the introduction part, that is, the theme of the article, and favorable facts are put forward in the body part. After strict argumentation, the conclusion is finally drawn according to the previous arguments.

Third, the writing of argumentative essays.

To write a good argumentative essay, we must pay attention to the following points:

1. Determine the argument.

Arguments are usually put forward in the first paragraph of an article.

2. To have sufficient arguments, you can cite examples from your life.

This argument should be strictly logical.

All facts, reasons and reasons should be closely related to the conclusion.

4. The level should be clear.

5. Sincere and friendly attitude, because the argument focuses on being reasonable and convincing.

Argumentative writing focuses on discussion, but sometimes it also uses explanation, narration and description. The explanation in the discussion often creates conditions for the discussion, or supplements the discussion; Narration and description in argumentative essays should provide basis for arguments. Therefore, the narrative should be general and the description should be brief.

6. The argument should be sufficient

You must have enough evidence to prove your point. The author can cite facts, show data, provide examples, use common sense or personal experience.

8. Basic knowledge and answering skills of argumentative writing

From this perspective, dedication and happiness are the only way to success.

We should cherish time and make good use of it.

Advocating reading and seeking knowledge is the fundamental way to create a good social environment of "ruling the country by virtue"

The above three sentences are the central idea of the article. If you look carefully, can you find the characteristics of the ideas in the article?

Divide the following argumentative topics into two categories and give your reasons.

Have China people lost confidence? Academic spirit is the best temperament. Simple realm. Talking about the endurance of China people. Carry forward lei feng's spiritual values. Creativity is more important than knowledge.

What did you find out about this argument? Write them out one by one.

Third, please judge the following types of arguments according to your understanding of them.

Stalin said: "Without self-criticism, our party can't advance, can't cut off our pustules, and can't eliminate our shortcomings." ( )

(2) Virtue is a kind of ignorance. "Books are still medicine, and good reading can help doctors and patients" (Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan). ( )

(3) "I have a book in my stomach to flatter myself." Reading more good books can make your personality noble, your soul great and you don't do bad things.