The picture above is an example of the polar diagram of Nightingale (1820–1910). This "map of the cause of death of the Eastern Army" has been published in Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency and Hospital Management of the British Army and sent to Queen Victoria on 1858. She used polar pie charts to report the medical conditions of the Crimean War to members of Congress who could not read the statistical report.
The figure shows that the death toll is caused by preventable diseases (blue), diseases caused by wounds (red) and diseases caused by other reasons (black).
The legend shows that the areas of blue, red and black wedges are measured from the center as the common vertex.
The blue wedge measured from the center of the circle represents the area where rabies death can be prevented or alleviated.
The red wedge measured from the center represents the death of the wound, and the black wedge measured from the center represents the death of all other causes. ?
1854165438+10 month, the black line on the red triangle marks the boundary of all other causes of death in that month.
June 1854, June 10, April 1855, the black area coincides with the red.
1856 65438+ 10 and February, the blue area coincides with black. You can compare the whole area according to the blue, red and black lines around them.
In 1858, Florence Nightingale used a chart type for the first time. This chart type is now called polar coordinate chart, sometimes called Nightingale rose chart. This kind of chart is sometimes wrongly called "coxcomb", but the name is used by Nightingale to refer to the book that uses this kind of chart, not the chart itself [10].
Polar charts are very similar to commonly used pie charts. The angle of the fan is the same as that of the pie chart, but the distance between the fan and the center of the circle is not the same. It is said that most of Nightingale's early fame came from her clear and accurate expression of data.
Although it is generally believed that nightingale invented this chart, it was used earlier. Leon lalanne used the polar diagram in 1843 to indicate the wind direction frequency near Luoji. André-Michel Guerry was an early inventor of the form of "Rose Diagram", which was used in his paper 1829 to indicate the frequency of cyclic phenomena.
Her greatness:
1 17 years old, she found her vocation early and persisted all her life.
2 Not afraid of mother's pressure, not afraid of secular views, but also proved himself with practical actions, affecting the world:
"At that time, nurses were very unimportant jobs, dirty jobs that only poor lower-class women were willing to do in order to make a living. Especially when the war breaks out, nurses need to go to the battlefield with the troops, which is not only hard but also very dangerous.
According to the description of the war correspondent, Nightingale and her nursing assistants reduced the probability of postoperative infection, improved diet and medical care, and were called "angels sent by God" by the wounded soldiers. Even nightingale and others walked around the room with lights. The wounded soldiers got out of bed and knelt on the ground to kiss the shadow regardless of their injuries.
The soldiers affectionately called her "the lady with the lantern" and "the angel of Crimea". The wounded and sick wrote: "The lights are swaying and floating, and the cold night seems to be full of warmth ... We have hundreds of wounded people lying there. When she came, we scrambled to kiss her slender figure floating on the wall and then lay back on the pillow contentedly. " This is called "kiss on the wall". She comforted them and wrote to them, regardless of her personal safety. She was exposed to all kinds of deadly infectious diseases, and the merciful light of Jesus Christ shone on her. After many soldiers returned to England, Nightingale's achievements in field hospitals were compiled into pamphlets, and countless poems were circulated everywhere. There is a poem that is still recited when British soldiers meet again 50 years later. In the poem, Nightingale said, "She has no selfish interests and a pure heart. She gave her life for the suffering soldiers without hesitation; She prayed for the dying and gave peace to the brave. She knows that the soldiers have a soul that needs to be saved, and the injured love her, as we have seen and heard ... pray for God to give her strength and make her heart beat forever. Miss Nightingale-the greatest blessing from God. "
Nightingale's later performance completely changed the negative social image of nurses, broke the deep-rooted social concept that "a good woman should be a good mother rather than a good wife" at that time, and made the public realize that women can make more and different contributions in society.
The special form of pie chart is applied in place, which is very friendly to non-professionals.
Enlightenment to us:
1 Find your destiny as soon as possible, the sooner the better;
In the face of doubt, don't forget your initiative and speak with strength;
3 consider the object of data report and do the right thing with the right tools.
Small print information: Wikipedia
Title: pixabay