Water hyacinth has various names, called Eichhornia crassipes, others are commonly known as Eichhornia crassipes, water lilies and Impatiens. It is an exotic species from the Amazon basin in South America and a perennial aquatic plant. Water hyacinth has smooth leaf surface, hollow petiole and gourd-shaped airbag at the lower part. The root system is developed and the flowers are bright and lavender. In fact, from the beginning, water hyacinth won the attention of human beings with its exquisite appearance. 1844, water hyacinth was used as an ornamental plant for the first time at the American Expo, and was known as the "lilac corolla to beautify the world". Soon, water hyacinth spread all over the world.
Among all aquatic plants, water hyacinth has the most outstanding ability to purify water and absorb pollution, and was once called "environmental fighter". The well-developed root system of water hyacinth can not only absorb organic pollutants in water, but also purify water polluted by toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and rare earth elements. 190 1 year, water hyacinth was introduced to China as an ornamental plant. Around 1950s, people found that water hyacinth is not only a green manure plant, but also can be used as feed for livestock and poultry. Later, it spread to all provinces and called on everyone to actively plant it. However, who would have thought that the reproductive ability of water hyacinth is so strong that it can basically survive wherever there is water. Once there is a typhoon or high tide, water hyacinth will spread to other places.
Although it can be used as livestock feed, many farmers find that pigs don't like it very much; It is said that it can be used as organic fertilizer, and farmers are reluctant to use it because it is too difficult to rot ... Later, with the emergence of compound feed, water hyacinth is not so popular with people. As a "foreign population", water hyacinth grows at will everywhere. Water hyacinth, there are two ways of reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, but usually asexual reproduction is the main way. Water hyacinth grows rapidly at 25-35℃ and sleeps at 7- 10℃, so water hyacinth begins to germinate from April to May every year and withers rapidly after frost at the end of the year.
Under suitable conditions, the growth area of small plants of water hyacinth can be doubled in 5-6 days, and 250 thousand plants can be bred in the growth period of about 90 days. Amazing breeding speed, coupled with no natural enemies, where there is water is simply its "growth paradise", which is out of control!
The following are some typical cases of water hyacinth disaster in China:
Case 1:
In 1980s, the water hyacinth flooded in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, and the whole grass sea was covered with dense water hyacinth, which not only affected shipping, but also almost destroyed the ecological balance of Dianchi Lake. Now many Kunming people are still troubled by water hyacinth, and the disaster brought to Dianchi Lake in those years is still vivid.
Case 2:
The water hyacinth disaster, which covers an area of 6.5438+0.6 million square kilometers in Fujian Minjiang River Basin, has troubled the local people for many years, blocked the passage of ships and caused heavy losses in aquaculture. Since 2003, the "annihilation war" of water hyacinth has begun. However, in 2007, 2009 and 20 1 1 year, water hyacinth floods still occurred one after another in Minjiang River Basin.
Case 3:
In 2007, water hyacinth broke out and occupied the water surface of the Three Gorges reservoir area, which seriously affected the ecological balance and shipping of the Three Gorges reservoir area. In Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui and other places, due to the suitable climate, water hyacinth has flooded some rivers, and the relevant departments spend a lot of financial and human resources to control them every year. In the year of severe flood disaster, the cost of water hyacinth control in China is at least 654.38+0 billion yuan.
The water hyacinth, which was originally called "Clove Corolla for Beautifying the World", "Environmental Fighter" and "Green Manure Plant", lost its reputation after the flood. Nowadays, water hyacinth is called "ecological killer", one of the top ten weeds in the world and one of the most dangerous 100 invasive species in China. So, water hyacinth, how harmful is it?
After the water hyacinth grows wildly, it will soon cover the whole river, just like a "green carpet" on the water surface, which will harm other aquatic animals and plants living underwater. Water hyacinth blocks sunlight, plants in water can't carry out photosynthesis, and the food chain of animals in water is destroyed, thus affecting the ecological balance of their living waters. As we mentioned earlier, water hyacinth has an outstanding ability to absorb pollutants, but it has a defect that water hyacinth itself cannot degrade all pollutants. If the water hyacinth is not cleaned in time during the withering period, a large number of roots rot and sink to the bottom, forming a "layer with high heavy metal content", which will not only accelerate the deterioration of water quality, but also cause the extinction of aquatic organisms. Moreover, this effect will have a chain reaction. The continuous growth of water hyacinth on the water surface is also a fatal blow to farmers. Fish fry can't be put in, the number of fish and shrimp in the water drops sharply, and the quality of aquatic products drops sharply. ......
The water hyacinth is over-bred, blocking the river and even the boat can't run. In addition, there is a potential threat. The water surface is covered with a large number of water hyacinths, which seriously hinders the flow of water and adversely affects flood control and drought relief. The place where water hyacinth overflows is a "paradise" for mosquitoes. When withered and rotted, the water stinks, which is easy to breed mosquitoes. The reason why water hyacinth is notorious is closely related to the harm caused by its flooding. However, is this a "natural disaster" or a "man-made disaster"? When people plant water hyacinth, if they can follow the laws of nature and control it properly, it can not only help to treat sewage, but also be used as livestock feed and ornamental crops.
In recent years, the control of water hyacinth in China has been quite effective. I believe everyone can feel that the water hyacinth, which used to be everywhere in rivers, is rare now after years of active prevention and control, and even almost disappeared in some places.
At present, there are two main ways to treat water hyacinth: manual/mechanical fishing and non-proliferation. Although manual salvage is time-consuming and laborious, and the input cost is high, it is also the most effective and fastest way. According to the growth and reproduction characteristics of water hyacinth, smart people have also thought of a good way: using purse seines or floating objects to gain advantages and avoid disadvantages, but also to effectively control the spread of water hyacinth. After having a clear understanding of water hyacinth, I hope you will not discard or plant water hyacinth in the wild.