The trip to the avenue is also for the public, choosing talents and talents, and making friends.
Old friends are not only relatives, but also only children, so that the old will have a home, the young will be useful, and the young will have a support point. Compassion, widowhood, loneliness, loneliness and disability are all supported, and men are divided and women are returned. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; You don't have to do it for yourself.
Therefore, it is not good to seek harmony, and thieves do not do it, so outsiders are not called Datong. (1) from the book of rites liu yun.
The Book of Rites, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 49 articles. Li Yun is a book written by Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its title is The Book of Rites.
Avenue, in ancient times, refers to the highest political ideal. (2)[ selecting talents and (j incarnation) being able to] put people with high moral character and capable candidates * * *.
Take it and pass it through the elevator. (3) Emphasize honesty and cultivate harmony (atmosphere).
(4) Take [pro] as a verb and ... as a professional player. The first "zi" after "zi" is also a verb.
(5) 【 pity (guān), widowed, lonely, alone, disabled 】 pity, widowed old man. Unfortunately, pass the gun.
A lonely old man without a husband. A lonely young man without a father.
A lonely old man without children. Disabled, disabled.
(1) 【 Men have points (fè n) 】 Men have positions. Teacher, position, refers to occupation.
(2) [Women have a home] means that women have a home. Regression refers to a woman's marriage.
(3) [wealth is evil, so you don't have to hide it in yourself] means that people hate throwing it on the ground, but they don't have to hide it in themselves. Evil, disgust.
It means that people are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own self-interest. (5) The sinister plot will not happen.
6. Theft, rebellion and injury will not happen. Chaos means rebellion.
Thief refers to harm. Work, get up.
⑦ [Outdoor] refers to the gate. ⑧ [Close] Close the gate.
Pet-name ruby 【 datong 】 refers to the ideal society. Explanation: ① "Avenue" and "Datong" are special concepts: "Avenue" refers to a universally applicable truth or truth, which can be interpreted in many ways; "Great Harmony" refers to the highest stage of Confucian ideal society or human society, and it can also be interpreted in many ways.
This kind of words can't be translated and can't be translated well. ② Some words often have special meanings in a certain context. For example, "Hui" means that women get married, but in this sentence, "men have points and women have Hui" means "timely marriage"; "Pro" means closeness, but "Pro" and "Zi Zi" are opposites. The former means "nurturing", while the latter refers to parents.
(3) The sentences that can be translated literally in this paper are all literal translations, but there are also some places where free translation is used. When the highest political ideal is realized and the world is owned by the people, talented people are selected (for all), and (all) stress honesty and advocate harmony.
Therefore, people should not only support their parents, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can live their whole lives, the middle-aged can serve the society, and the young children can grow up smoothly, so that No Country for Old Men, No Country for Old Men, No Country for Old Men, No Country for Old Men, No Country for Old Men and No Country for Old Men can enjoy a smooth development. Men should have jobs and women should get married in time.
(people) hate the phenomenon that wealth is abandoned on the ground (but for collection and storage) instead of enjoying it alone; I hate the behavior of refusing to try my best in the same job and always not working for self-interest. In this way, there will be no theft, rebellion, harm and no need to close the door. This is called an ideal society.
This article is a passage at the beginning of the Book of Rites, aiming at clarifying the basic characteristics of the Confucian social ideal of "great harmony". There is also a passage in the original text describing the reason why Confucius said these words, which is recorded as follows: Zhong Ni and Yu Wabin (attending the ceremony held by the monarch at the end of the year, reading zhà) traveled in view afterwards (reading guān, the balconies on both sides outside the palace gate) and sighed with shame.
Sigh for Gailu (meaning that Lu has lost his ancient gift). Yan Yan (Zi You, a student of Confucius) said aside, "Why do gentlemen sigh?" Confucius said, "The trip to the Avenue is also different from that of the three generations of Yingzong (Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties). We didn't catch up in autumn (because we were born late, we couldn't catch up), so we aim high."
It can be seen from this passage that Confucius said this sentence because he lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period and longed for a peaceful and prosperous life. Read the text again.
The full text can be divided into three layers: "A trip to the Avenue is also …" This layer is a programmatic explanation of the "Datong" society.
"Avenue" can be understood as the highest criterion for governing society. This sentence has been mentioned, and the following three sentences are said separately.
"The world is public", which means that political power (social wealth can also be included) belongs to all members of society, not to any individual. "Selecting talents and appointing people" means that the managers of society should be elected by members of society.
The election criteria are "virtue" and "ability". "Virtue" is a noble moral character, and "ability" is an outstanding talent-in modern terms, it is called "having both ability and political integrity". "Building trust and repairing friendship" means that members of society should establish good relations, stress honesty and put an end to fraud, advocate harmony and stop fighting, and maintain social peace and stability.
"Old friends don't just kiss their relatives ... they don't necessarily do it for themselves." This layer expounds the basic characteristics of "Datong" society.
It can be summarized in three aspects: (1) Everyone can get the care of the whole society. "Don't be close to your parents, don't just be your own son", which means that everyone can push others, extend the intention of caring for parents and raising children to others, and make the whole society feel like a family.
"Providing for the old, being useful to the strong and being good to the young" means making appropriate arrangements for people of all ages. In particular, it also mentioned that it is necessary to provide living security for five categories of people, namely, "pity, widowhood, loneliness, independence and disability", which fully reflected the concern of the whole society.
(2) Everyone can live and work in peace and contentment. "Being divided" means having a stable job and being able to work with peace of mind; "Returning home" means that men and women get married in time and have a happy family.
In ancient times, men plowed and women wove, and women also raised silkworms at home, so they could have plenty of food and clothing. The above two aspects mainly focus on material life.
2. Ma said literature common sense
Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, taking Bole and Maxima as metaphors, expressing the strong dislike of the incumbent who can't identify, destroy and bury talents. The preface to seeing Dong Shaonan off to Hebei is a preface to giving a reply. The author writes down his feelings about Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei with clever and subtle writing, which is subtle and intriguing.
1, meaning of Ma Shuo paragraph:
The first paragraph: Explain the decisive role of Bole in Maxima.
The second paragraph: Reveal the root cause of burying Maxima.
The third paragraph: summarize the full text and attack the ignorance of horse eaters.
There are Bole and Maxima in the world. There are always swift horses, but there is no Bole. Therefore, even a famous horse will only be humiliated by the servant's groom and die in the stable with ordinary horses, instead of being famous for walking Wan Li Road every day.
A horse that travels thousands of miles a day sometimes eats a stone after a meal. People who feed horses don't know that they can walk thousands of miles a day without feeding them. Therefore, although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its food intake and physical strength are insufficient, and its talent and advantages cannot be shown from the outside. If you still want to be an ordinary horse, you can't do it. How can you expect it to walk thousands of miles a day?
If you don't take the right path, you can't play your talents. A swift horse screams, but you can't understand its meaning. All you have to do is stand in front of it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas, is there really no maxima? I'm afraid I really don't know Maxima!
3. Common sense of literature
Finally, in the battle of Jin Roh: The Wolf Brigade, mankind won. He looked for a way out alone in the wasteland and met a wolf. Secondly. In this way, the works that show great vitality when human beings struggle with nature are the main ones, and he has no food. In order to get back alive, he licked the blood and followed him. His leg was badly hurt and he was bleeding all the time. Therefore, it may be resilient. Two dying creatures dragged their dying bodies and hunted each other in the wasteland. As winter approaches, he killed the wolf and is now covered by swamp, so this statement is correct.
This novel highlights human nature. He can only stagger. Life is not self-abandonment, mainly to praise children's innocence, but the pioneering spirit is far-fetched.
Tom sawyer, who drank the blood of wolves, had a very bad environment. Just when he was very weak, in order to defeat the sick wolf who made him sick. He found the sick wolf following him. In the end, he was rescued, and he also chose works about the conflict between indigenous culture and colonial culture in North America, as well as works reflecting the cruel exploitation of capitalism, hypocritical religious ceremonies and stereotyped school education to satirize and criticize, and made his life shine brilliantly. The Merchant of Venice reveals Shylock's ruthlessness.
It is also true that The Adventures of Tom Sawyer praised the child's innocence.
"Love Life" eulogizes the tenacious pioneering spirit of the gold diggers.
Love Life mainly tells the story of a gold digger in the western United States who was abandoned by his partner, Bill, on his way back.
4. Mencius' common sense of literature
Mencius (about 372 BC-about 289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. According to legend, he is a descendant of Qingfu, the son of the noble Lu. His father's name is Ji and his mother's name is M Mǎng. Mencius was a great thinker and educator in the Warring States period, and a representative of the Confucian school.
Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Representative works such as I want what I want, I get more help from the Tao, but I don't get much help from the Tao, Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, Wang Gu talks about him around me, etc. have been compiled into junior high school Chinese textbooks, and I am the country has been compiled into senior high school Chinese textbooks. Politically, Mencius advocated that law precedes king and benevolent government; Theoretically, he admired Confucius and opposed Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai. He advocated benevolent government, put forward the people-oriented thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch", and traveled to Qi, Song, Teng, Wei, Lu and other countries, following the example of Confucius to carry out his own political views, which lasted for more than 20 years.
However, Mencius' theory of benevolent governance is considered to be "circuitous and broader than things" and has not been implemented. Finally, he retired to give lectures, and together with his students, he "wrote a book with preface poems, described the meaning of Zhong Ni (namely Confucius), and wrote seven pieces of Mencius". Mencius "nurtures my noble spirit". Those who are upright and upright are called gentlemen. It is wrong to call qigong in this world. Those who are upright and upright are rich because of virtue, and empty without virtue. In ancient times, qi was invisible, so it was called qi. Later generations admired Mencius as a "sub-saint" and respected him as a "sub-saint". He was sacrificed by Confucianism.
His disciples and re-disciples recorded Mencius' words and deeds into a book, Mencius, which is a collection of recorded essays and Mencius' speeches, compiled by Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan.
One of Mencius' "Four Books". In the mid-Warring States period, Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan, Gong Sunchou and others. Mencius, Mencius' disciples and disciples' records. The earliest inscription in Zhao Qi's "Mencius" reads: "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius". There are eleven pieces of Mencius recorded in History of Han, and there are seven pieces and fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there are four other books of Mencius, which have been lost (this book of Mencius is a fake of Yao Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty). This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.