1In the autumn of 948, the victory of the China People's Liberation Army in various battlefields all over the country, especially the victory of the first strategic decisive battle in the northeast battlefield, brought the military situation in China into a new turning point, and the power balance between the two sides of the war changed fundamentally. The total strength of the PLA has increased from 6,543,800+0,270 at the beginning of the war to more than 3 million. The number of Kuomintang troops dropped from 4.3 million to 2.9 million. The People's Liberation Army has an advantage not only in quality but also in quantity.

In view of the above situation, the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong pointed out that the primary task of the East China Field Army is to stop the Second Corps and the 13 Corps from advancing eastward and annihilate the Seventh Corps, and then try to lure and annihilate several divisions of the Second Corps and the 13 Corps. The Central Plains Field Army should properly prepare the countermeasures of the 6th, 8th and 12 Corps in the south to ensure the East China Field Army to fight.

Accordingly, the East China Field Army decided to hold Nianzhuangwei Campaign with the artillery and special forces columns of columns 4, 6, 8, 9 and 13 as the main force and surround the 7th Corps. With the 7th, 10,10/columns in Daxujia area, the 2nd, 13 corps of xuzhou east aid were blocked from the front; The Central Plains Field Army 1, 2, 3, 12 columns, the Central South Shandong column, the Guangdong-Guangxi column, and 1 1 column advanced from the southeast of Xuzhou to Xuzhou, threatening the flank of the 2nd and 3rd Corps, and ensuring that the main attack group surrounded the 7th Corps. The Central Plains Field Army decided to deploy the 9th Column, the Independent Brigade of Henan-Anhui Soviet Area and the 2nd Regiment of Western Henan Military Region between Guzhen and Suxian to prevent the 6th and 8th Corps from advancing northward. 1, 2, and 6 columns are deployed in Mengcheng, Guohe, and He Fei, Yang Guo, ready to block 12 Corps; Enter the southwest of Suxian County with the 3rd and 4th columns and stand by.

On June165438+1October1day, the columns of the East China Field Army responsible for besieging the 7th Corps launched a storm. Under the cover of the air force, the 7 th Corps rushed to the village from the movement to attack. Due to insufficient preparation, the artillery failed to keep up, which led to three days of continuous attack and slow progress. Immediately, the East China Field Army adjusted its deployment and adopted the tactics of breaking the weak enemy first, then attacking the strong enemy, attacking its leader and scrambling its deployment. The attack is progressing rapidly. By dawn on the 20th, the 44th and 100 armies were all annihilated, and the 64th and 25th armies were each 1, and Nianzhuangwei, where the headquarters of the 7th Corps was located, was captured. Huang Ba was transferred to the northeast courtyard of Nianzhuangwei and commanded the remnants to fight back. The East China Field Army made a continuous assault and annihilated the 7th Corps at dusk on the 22nd. Huang Zi killed him.

165438+1October 12, the 2nd and 13 regiments of the Kuomintang army were rescued by Xuzhou along both sides of the Longhai Railway under the cover of planes and tanks. The 7th, 10, 1 1 columns of the East China Field Army resolutely stopped attacking. By the 22nd, more than 1 10,000 people had been wiped out, making it less than 20km ahead. At the same time, the Central Plains Field Army stopped the operations of the 6th, 8th and 12 Corps in Renqiao, Huazhuangji and Evonne areas north of He Fei. These blocking wars effectively ensured the victory of the 7 th Corps.

Destroy the eastward 12 Corps and surround the Du Group retreating westward. When the Seventh Corps was surrounded, the front commanders of the Central Military Commission, Mao Zedong and Huaihai envisaged the next step of annihilating the target, or luring the enemy to annihilate the second, 65438+03 Corps aided by xuzhou east, or annihilating the sixth, 65438+02 Corps. In June 1 19 10/9, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping analyzed the battlefield situation, and concluded that the East China Field Army was quite tired after annihilating the 7th Corps, and it was difficult to achieve the expected goal by fighting the 2nd and 13 Corps without rest. It is also difficult for the Central Plains Field Army to stop the 6 th and 8 th Corps and the 12 Corps from helping the enemy with its current strength. Therefore, it is suggested to the Central Military Commission that the main force of the East China Field Army should be located in the east and south of Xuzhou, and at the same time, it should monitor the enemy of Xuzhou and take a short break, and at the same time cooperate with the Central Plains Field Army to annihilate the 6th and 12 Corps.

After the Seventh Corps was annihilated, Chiang Kai-shek decided to shrink to Xuzhou, where the Second Corps, the 65438+06 Corps went south along Jinpu Road, the Sixth Corps and the Eighth Corps went north along the railway from Bengbu and Guzhen, and the 65438+02 Corps attacked in the direction of Suxian County from Evonne, and the third road joined forces in Suxian County to get through the Xubang section of Jinpu Road, thus changing the unfavorable situation. 165438+1On October 23rd, before the Kuomintang troops in Xuzhou and Bengbu moved, 12 Corps launched an attack on Nanpingji area on the south bank of Huihe River, forming a lone advance.

Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping immediately suggested that we should seize this favorable fighter plane, annihilate the 12 Corps first with all the Central Plains Field Army and one East China Field Army, and take the East China Field Army as the main force to stop the enemy reinforcements in Xuzhou and Guzhen, and strive to annihilate the sixth and eighth Corps. The next day, the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong called back: "We completely agreed to fight Huang Wei first (that is, 12 Corps)"; At the same time, it is authorized that "in case of emergency, everything will be handled by Liu Chen and Deng without asking for instructions." Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping then ordered the fourth and ninth columns in Nanpingji area to retreat, luring the enemy in depth, and then together with the columns 1, second, third, sixth, 1 1, they set up bag-like positions north of Huihe River until 12 Corps arrived.

12 Corps has four armies, namely 10, 14, 18 and 85, and it has * * 1/division and1express column, about/kloc. It's Chiang Kai-shek. 165438+1On the morning of October 24th, 12 Corps crossed the Huihe River and got into the preset pockets of the Central Plains Field Army. Huang Wei found that the situation was critical, that is, he ordered his troops to retreat to the west of Huihe River and turn in the direction of Guzhen, in an attempt to attack northward along the Jin-Pu Railway with the 6th Corps. The columns of the Central Plains Field Army launched a full-scale attack that night and launched a double-pile campaign. By the next day, the 12 Corps will carry out encirclement within 7.5 kilometers vertically and horizontally, centering on the double pile. On the 27th, Huang Wei concentrated four main divisions to break through to the southeast and was repelled. Liao Yunzhou, the division commander of 85th Army 1 10 and underground party member, led the uprising when it broke through. Since then, Huang Wei adjusted his deployment, took the village as a stronghold, built many bunkers with tanks, cars and a lot of equipment, formed a circular defensive position, and turned to stick to it.

The Central Plains Field Army changed its tactics in time and adopted the tactics of resolutely besieging, steadily attacking, capturing a village, consolidating a village and annihilating one by one. At the same time, large-scale close-pressure operations were carried out, and a complete offensive position was gradually formed. Starting from 65438+February 6, the whole line was attacked. The 4th, 9th, 9th and 1 1 columns and independent brigades in the Henan-Anhui Soviet Area were organized as the East Group, which was commanded by Chen Geng, commander of the 4th column, and Xie Fuzhi, political commissar, and attacked east of Shuangduiji, annihilating the remnants of the 1st 10 army and the 1st 14 army. With the East China Field Army 1, 3 columns and 13 columns, the western regiment was organized, which was commanded by Chen Xilian, commander of 3 columns, and Peng Tao, political commissar, and attacked and annihilated in the northwest of Shuangdui 10 and 85. The 6th and 7th columns of the East China Field Army and the Shannan Military Region 12 Brigade were organized into the Southern Group, which was commanded by the 6th column commander Wang Jinshan and political commissar Du Yide to attack the 85th Army and other departments south of Shuangduiji. After a fierce battle to 12, 12 Corps was further compressed in the narrow strip of 5 kilometers north and south and 0.5 kilometers east and west of Shuangduiji.

At the same time, the East China Field Army, with 20 divisions (brigades) in 8 columns, was deployed in an area 50 kilometers wide and 30 kilometers deep between Jiagou and Fuliji in the south of Xuzhou, and three sniper lines were set up in Gushanji and Gushanji to stop the 2nd and16th regiments of the Kuomintang Army from advancing southward from Xuzhou on1October 26th. The other five columns went south on1October 25th 165438, seeking to annihilate the sixth and eighth corps in Guzhen area. However, because the two regiments had crossed He Fei to the south first, only 2,000 people were wiped out in the rear, and Cao Laoji Station in the north of Bengbu was occupied.

After Chiang Kai-shek's carefully planned three-way meeting plan to get through the Jin-Pu Railway failed, he decided to give up Xuzhou, and the 2nd, 13 and 16 Corps led by Du avoided the frontal sniper of the East China Field Army, bypassed Xiaoxian, Yongcheng to the south of Mengcheng, rescued the 12 Corps first, and then evacuated to the south of Huaihe River together. Herry Liu led Xuzhou's "general suppression" organization to fly to Bengbu, and commanded the Sixth and Eighth Corps to cooperate northward. At the same time, the Central China "Suppression General" dispatched 20 armies and 28 armies to reinforce Bengbu. 165438+1On the evening of October 30th, Du led the Party and government officials of the Third Corps and Xuzhou, threatening some young students. About 300,000 people fled along Xiaoxian and Yongcheng highways. There are many people, crowded vehicles and chaos. On February 2nd, 65438, we camped in Ji Meng, southwest of Xiaoxian County.

The Central Military Commission had long expected that the Kuomintang troops would give up Xuzhou, and the People's Liberation Army on the Huaihai front should take precautions. The East China Field Army column south of Xuzhou found that Du Tuan had retreated to the west, immediately pursued it and reported it to the Field Army Command. On 65438+February 1 day, the East China Field Army pursued with 10 column and two independent brigades, pursuing in parallel and intercepting in a roundabout way. At dawn on the 3rd, we caught up with Du Tuan in the area. The circuitous troops went out to the northeast of Yongcheng, which closed the retreat of the regiment to Yongcheng.

Just as Du Tuan was preparing to retreat to Yongcheng after dawn, Chiang Kai-shek ordered him to attack in the direction of Suixikou, east of Yongcheng, and cooperated with the 6 th Corps to attack the Central Plains Field Army from north to south to solve the siege of 12 Corps. Although Du felt bad, he turned to Suixikou to attack one after another. The East China Field Army attacked from the north, east and west, and blocked from the south. At dawn on the 4th, Du Tuan was surrounded in the areas of Chenguanzhuang and Qinglongji, and the 16 Corps which broke through to the west was wiped out on the 6th. Only Sun led a few people to escape.

After nearly 20 days of fierce fighting, two field armies, the Central Plains and East China, surrounded the 12 Corps and Du Tuan in areas 60 kilometers apart respectively. However, it will take time and more troops to annihilate in one fell swoop. Two Kuomintang troops reinforced by Xuzhou Central China have arrived in Pukou. In view of this situation, the General Front Committee decided to transfer the third column from the East China Field Army and the Central South Shandong Column to the south, and concentrate on destroying the 12 Corps first with the Central Plains Field Army. Continue to surround Du Qun with East China Field Army 10 column to prevent its breakthrough; In addition, two multi-columns were used to block the northern aid of the 6 th and 8 th Corps in the north of Bengbu. Liu Bocheng said, this is called eating one (12 Corps), carrying one (Du Tuan) and watching one (6th and 8th Corps).

12 12, Liu Bocheng and Chen Yi issued "Prompting Stevie Hoang to Surrender Immediately", urging Stevie Hoang to stop his desperate resistance and immediately lay down his arms and surrender. At the same time, the 3rd and13rd columns of the East China Field Army joined the South China Group, under the command of Chen Shiju, chief of staff of the East China Field Army, with the Central South Shandong Column as the reserve. Prepare to focus on the south group and combine the east and west groups to go straight to the core position of double stack. Huang Wei refused to surrender and still tried to make a final resistance for the reinforcements. Various attack groups of the People's Liberation Army launched an attack on 13 until 15, annihilated 12 Corps, and captured Huang Wei alive.

Adowa Du Group, after the victory of the campaign, after the Kuomintang Army 12 Corps was annihilated, the 6th and 8th Corps hastily retreated to the south of Huaihe River. 1 troops in the "appeasement" area also abandoned Huaiyin and Huai' an to withdraw south on February 9, 65438. Du Group has reached the end of its tether. There are no reinforcements outside, but there is a shortage of food, grass and ammunition inside. At this time, on the battlefield in North China, the People's Liberation Army has launched the Pingjin Campaign. In order to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from quickly deciding to transport the Kuomintang troops in the region to the south, the Central Military Commission of China ordered the People's Liberation Army on the Huai-Hai front to besiege Du Group for a period of time without making final annihilation arrangements. Accordingly, the East China Field Army deployed in depth in eight columns, taking turns to rest while surrounding; Seven columns were deployed in Xiayi, Yongcheng and Suixikou to prepare for battle. The columns of the Central Plains Field Army rested in Suxian, Mengcheng and the region respectively as the general reserve for the annihilation of Du Group. At the same time, the group launched a powerful political offensive against Du, and repeatedly broadcast "Urging Du to Surrender" written for Huaihai Front Command. Groups of Kuomintang soldiers surrendered to the People's Liberation Army, reaching 1.4 million in 20 days. But Du still refused to surrender.

1949 65438+1On October 6th, the East China Field Army held the battle of Chen Guanzhuang and launched a full-scale assault on Du Group. The 3rd, 4th and 10 columns, the Bohai column and the two independent brigades of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region are the Eastern Group, and they are under the command of Song and Political Committee members of the 10 column, attacking from east to west. 1, 9, 12 columns are the northern group, under the command of Tan Zhenlin and Wang Jianan, attacking from north to southwest. 2, 8, 1 1 column belongs to the southern group, under the command of Wei Guoqing and Ji Luo, attacking from south to northeast. On the 7th, it captured more than 20 strongholds, such as Qinglongji, where the headquarters of 13 Corps is located, forcing 13 Corps to retreat into the defense zone of the 2nd Corps, thus disrupting the defense system of Du Tuan. On the 9 th, the regiment broke through to the west under the cover of poisonous gas released by the plane. The East China Field Army strengthened its forces on the western front, attacked from all sides, and was interspersed with mentors and apprentices, and quickly captured the enemy's core position in Chenguanzhuang. Fight to 10, adowa Du Group, capture Du alive, kill Qiu Qingquan, and escape in disguise. At this point, the Huaihai Campaign ended.

During the campaign, the East China Bureau, the Central Plains Bureau and the Central Hebei-Shandong-Henan Branch made every effort to organize the early support work. The powerful former army is active on the battlefield day and night. Migrant workers (including military migrant workers, second-line transport migrant workers, and temporary migrant workers in the rear) * * 5.43 million people, 206,000 stretchers, 88 1 10,000 vehicles, 305,000 pole, 767,000 livestock, 8,539 boats, 257 vehicles, and 6,543,800 kilograms of ammunition were transported from the rear to the front (. Effectively guaranteed the needs of large-scale operations.

The Huaihai Campaign lasted 66 days. When the total strength of the battlefield was less than that of the enemy, the People's Liberation Army seized the decisive battle opportunity in time, carefully selected the main attack direction, combined large-scale mobile warfare with large-scale positional warfare, divided the enemy into several large pieces, gradually transferred its troops, formed local advantages, and annihilated in batches, thus realizing the determination of the Central Military Commission of China to annihilate Herry Liu, the main force of the Kuomintang, in Huaihai area. Destroy and strive for the uprising and surrender of the Kuomintang army, including 5 regiments, 22 military departments, 56 divisions and more than 555,000 people. The People's Liberation Army suffered more than 65,438 casualties+300,000. The victory of the Huaihai Campaign liberated the vast area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, exposing Nanjing, the political center of the Kuomintang government, and Shanghai, the economic center, to the attack of the People's Liberation Army.

2. Liaoshen Campaign was a strategic offensive campaign launched by China People's Liberation Army against Kuomintang troops in western Liaoning, Shenyang and Changchun during the War of Liberation. This is the first battle of the strategic decisive battle in the War of Liberation.

After the liberation war entered the third year, the time is ripe for a strategic decisive battle. At that time, the northeast battlefield was the first of the five battlefields in China, where the number of our regular troops exceeded that of the Kuomintang regular troops and gained the initiative in the war. Therefore, * * * the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong decided to have a strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang troops in the northeast first, and formulated the operational policy on the Liaoshen campaign, which stipulated that the main force would go south to the Beining Line (now Beijing-Shenyang Railway), conquer Jinzhou, and leave the enemy in the northeast to annihilate on the spot. At the beginning, Lin Biao, commander of the Fourth Field Army, didn't want to fight Jinzhou, so he tried to return to Changchun. After Mao Zedong criticized and corrected Lin Biao's hesitation in attacking Jin (state) and Dayuan, the Northeast Field Army, according to the strategic deployment of the Central Military Commission, concentrated 12 column and 1 artillery column, together with more than 700,000 people from 53 divisions and independent divisions, launched the Liaoshen Campaign.

On September 1948, the Fourth Field Army launched the Liaoshen Campaign. The Northeast Field Army began to attack Jin under the command of Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan. Chiang Kai-shek quickly mobilized some troops from North China and Shandong to form the eastward corps, with Shenyang as the main force to form the westward corps, and two roads to reinforce Jinzhou. The People's Liberation Army bravely blocked the enemy's eastward advance corps on the front lines of Tashan and Hongluo. The enemy's westward advance corps was also stubbornly blocked by the People's Liberation Army in Montenegro and the northeast of Dahushan. 10 June 14, the northeast field army launched a general attack on Jinzhou. After a fierce battle of 3 1 hour, nearly 90,000 defenders were annihilated and Fan, the deputy commander of the Kuomintang Northeast "suppression general", was captured alive.

The liberation of Jinzhou prompted some enemy troops in Changchun to revolt, while others surrendered. The retreat of the Northeast Kuomintang troops into Shanhaiguan was cut off. Chiang Kai-shek still ordered Liao Yaoxiang to lead the westward corps to retake Jinzhou. After the Northeast Field Army captured Jinzhou, it immediately surrounded the Liao Corps from the north and south wings, including the elite New First Army and the New Sixth Army of the Kuomintang Army. 10 year1October 26th, the division and encirclement of Liao Corps was completed. After two days and one night of fierce fighting, 100,000 enemy troops were wiped out and Liao Yaoxiang was captured alive. The Northeast Field Army pursued the victory and liberated Shenyang and Yingkou on165438+1October 2. The whole northeast has been liberated.

The Liaoshen campaign lasted 52 days and wiped out 472,000 people. Since then, the People's Liberation Army has also taken advantage of the Kuomintang army in numbers, which has brought the revolutionary situation in China to a new turning point.

Third, the battle of Peiping and Tianjin.

1948 1 1 At the beginning of the month, after the victory of Liaoshen Campaign, the enemy's "general suppression" Fu Tuan in North China became a frightened bird in the face of the threat of our joint attack in Northeast China and North China. Due to the contradiction between the United States, Chiang Kai-shek and Fu, it is still uncertain whether the enemy troops in North China will withdraw or defend, or whether they will flee south or west. Fu mistakenly estimated that it would take at least three months for the Northeast Field Army to enter the customs, so he made up his mind to escape immediately and adopted the policy of temporarily defending Peiping, Tianjin and Haikou, expanding his troops and waiting to see the situation change. On the basis of this policy, Fu reduced Chiang Kai-shek's and Fu's four regiments to about 550,000 troops, with Peiping and Tianjin as the center, starting from Tangshan in the east and Zhangjiakou in the west, in a long snake array of more than 500 kilometers. Its own troops were deployed in Pingsui Road from Pingping to Zhangjiakou, and Chiang Kai-shek's troops were deployed in Beiping and its east. If necessary, they can leave Chiang Kai-shek's army and flee to the west on their own.

Judging from the national situation, it is most beneficial for our army to leave Fu Group in North China and annihilate it on the spot. Therefore, the Central Military Commission decided to take advantage of the fact that the enemy had not yet decided to escape, and dispatched the North China Field Army to enter the customs ahead of schedule. The second and third corps of the North China Military Region and the local armed forces launched the Peiping-Tianjin campaign to annihilate the North China Fu Group. The enemy is a frightened bird. Whether we can catch the enemy and prevent it from fleeing south or west is the key to campaign guidance. Therefore, the Central Military Commission decided to retreat to Suiyuan and attack Taiyuan slowly, and agreed to negotiate with Fu to paralyze the enemy. At the same time, the main force of the North China Field Army entered the customs secretly and quickly at the end of 1 1. With the cooperation of our army in North China, we first adopted the policy of seizing the western front, stabilizing the eastern front, encircling the enemy on the western front without fighting, and not encircling the enemy on the eastern front, thus completing the encirclement of the enemy from west to east.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the Central Military Commission instructed the Northeast Advance Corps and the Second and Third Corps of North China to act in a unified manner in Pingzhang section. First, quickly surround Zhangjiakou, attract the enemy from the east to reinforce the west, cut off the Pingzhang section, and then divide the enemy surrounded by Ping Jin-Zhangzhou area. According to the unified deployment of the Central Military Commission, the 3rd Corps of North China began to surround the enemy in Zhangjiakou on 1 1 29th. In order to continue to flee to the west, Fu urged the 35th Army to lead three divisions to reinforce Zhangjiakou, and to reinforce Xuanhua with 3 10 division in Huailai area, and to transfer Huailai to the west with 269 division in Changping area. In order to seize the enemy on the western front, the Central Military Commission ordered the Second Corps of North China to hurry down to the garden on December 2, and the Northeast Advance Corps advanced to Nankou and Huailai to cut off Pingsui Road and surround the enemy of wireless respectively. Because the Northeast Advance Corps 1 1 column annihilated a division of Miyun garrison on1February 5, Fu thought that our Northeast Field Army had entered the customs and misjudged that our army was going to attack Peiping, so he hurriedly decided to quickly transfer the 35th Army to Peiping, and 104 and1in Huailai and Nankou areas. 10 1 The army withdrew from Zhuoxian to Fengtai and Mentougou. This contraction of the enemy is very beneficial for our army to keep the enemy on the battlefield. 1On February 6th, the enemy's 35th Army (two divisions) broke through the encirclement of Zhangjiakou and fled eastward. On the 8 th, I was surrounded by the 2 nd Corps of North China in the new security zone. 10, 1 1 day, the 4th column of Northeast Field Army, with the cooperation of 1 1 column, successively wiped out the main forces of the enemy 16 army and 104 army in the areas of Kangzhuang and Huailai. At this point, the main force of Fu troops was surrounded by our army in Zhangjiakou and Xin 'an respectively, and the road for the enemy to escape westward was cut off. At this time, the main force of the Northeast Field Army has crossed the Great Wall into Jidong, and has not yet completed the encirclement of the main points of Ping Jin Pond. Therefore, "the only or main thing is to be afraid that the enemy will escape from the sea." In order not to make the enemy's decision-making out of control and complete the encirclement of all points in Ping Jin pond as soon as possible, Mao Zedong issued instructions on the operational policy of Ping Jin campaign in time on1February/1day, so that the western ministries could "encircle without fighting" the enemies of Zhangjiakou and Xin 'an in two weeks, and the main force of the Northeast Field Army was not afraid of attrition, hunger and cold, and cut off Tianjin at the same time at the fastest speed. At the same time, I was instructed to "not make the final annihilation arrangement within two weeks" in order to stabilize the enemy and make it difficult for him to make up his mind to cross the sea; And make our Shandong army control a section of the Yellow River north of Jinan, and make preparations on Ji Jiao Road to prevent the enemy Jinan from fleeing to Qingdao. In accordance with the instructions of President Mao Zedong, the Northeast Field Army surrounded the enemies of Gutian and Tanggu with columns 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 12, and with columns 1 1 and Jizhong Military Region 3, 5, 6 and 10. By1February 2 1 day, the main force of the Northeast Field Army had completed the strategic encirclement of the enemy in Ping Jin pond ahead of schedule, blocking the road of Ping Jin's enemy fleeing south from the sea. At this point, Fu Group has been "completely surrounded" by our army.

After our army completed the division and encirclement of the enemy, it adopted the policy of hitting both ends first, then hitting the middle, and hitting Xin' an and Tanggu first. Before the launch of the new security guard, the CMC estimated that after the enemy's 35th army was annihilated, Zhangjiakou might make a breakthrough in defense, and the 3rd Corps of the North China Military Region was not dominant. In order to increase the troops around Zhangjiakou, the Central Military Commission transferred the fourth column of the Northeast Field Army to Zhangjiakou in the west and placed it under the command of the Third Corps. 1On February 20th, the Third Corps arrived near Zhangjiakou. On the 22nd, the 2nd Corps of North China Military Region conquered the new security guards and annihilated the 35th Army (two divisions) defending the enemy. On the 23rd, more than 50,000 defenders of Zhangjiakou broke through and fled, and on the 24th, they were all annihilated by the 3rd Corps of North China Military Region and the 4th Column of Northeast Field Army in the north of Zhangjiakou.

In order to unify the leadership and command of the Peiping-Tianjin Campaign, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided on January 10th, 1949 that Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan and Nie would form the General Front Committee with Lin Biao as the secretary. Due to the unfavorable terrain in Tanggu area, it is not convenient to annihilate the enemy. The Northeast Field Army suggested that our army change to Tianjin with the approval of the Central Military Commission. 1 month 14, the Northeast Field Army concentrated on 22 divisions of 1, 2nd, 7th, 8th and 9th columns, and launched an attack on the enemy troops on the defensive in Tianjin, adopting the operational arrangement of east-west confrontation, middle blockade, first south and then north, and each annihilation. After 29 hours of fierce fighting, Tianjin was liberated on 15, and the defenders were completely annihilated130,000 people. Captured Chen Changjie, deputy commander of Jintang defense zone and commander of Tianjin garrison. 17, the enemy in Tanggu escaped from the sea. At this point, the enemy of Peiping was completely isolated and in a desperate situation. In addition to the Northeast Field Army 1 and 2 Corps (that is, the original Corps), our army sent the 2 nd and 3 rd Corps of North China to Peiping at the end of1February, forming a tight encirclement of the enemy in Peiping. 1 month 14, President Mao Zedong issued a "statement on the current situation" and put forward eight conditions for peace talks. On the 16th, our Beijing-Tianjin Front Command issued an ultimatum to Fu, stating: First, lay down your arms; Second, peaceful reorganization; Otherwise, "our army will attack the city with precise tactics, and don't say it without warning." In this case, Fu accepted the peaceful adaptation. Twenty-five divisions of the eight enemy troops on the defensive in Peiping were all reorganized out of the city.

1 3rd of the month1day, our army entered Beiping and Beiping declared liberation. The peaceful liberation of Peiping has far-reaching historical significance. Defending the army in Beiping is the first example of our party to implement the eight peace conditions and end the war by peaceful means, which is called the "Beiping way". The Battle of Ping Jin lasted 64 days. Except for 58,000 people on the defensive in Tanggu who fled from the sea, * * * wiped out 520,000 people from 50 enemy divisions and liberated most parts of North China.

The three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Ping Jin are the strategic decisive battles between our army and the enemy's main force in the strategic offensive stage. Under the correct command of the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong, it took more than four months to wipe out 143 enemy divisions and 1.54 million local troops. So far, in the seven months of the third year of the war, * * * wiped out 2.32 million enemy troops, making all the enemy's elite troops lose, greatly accelerating the victory process of the war of liberation.