Urban rail transit is a vehicle transportation system with track structure with bearing and guiding functions. According to the requirements of the overall urban traffic planning, a fully closed or partially closed dedicated track line is set up to transport a considerable amount of passenger flow in the form of trains or bicycles. The following is my carefully prepared paper on urban rail transit management. You can refer to the following!
Abstract: As an important public transport, the safety management of urban rail transit is particularly important. With the rapid development of urban rail transit in China, there are many problems that cannot be ignored in safety management due to the short development history and lack of experience. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the management of urban rail transit and discusses how to improve the modern safety management of urban rail transit.
Keywords: track; Transportation; Security; system
1, rail transit management is in urgent need of improvement.
From the perspective of safety management organization, China's urban rail transit has basically established a three-level safety management model, that is, the headquarters (subway company) has a safety Committee, the departments of train service, vehicles and maintenance have safety leading groups, and each workshop (room) has safety officers. Establish a safety management network including headquarters leaders, department leaders, workshop leaders, safety inspectors and part-time safety officers within the headquarters. Among them, the Safety Committee is the highest leading body of safety management, the Safety Supervision Office is its permanent office, and there are full-time safety inspectors in the three major production departments of vehicle, vehicle and maintenance.
Despite the implementation of three-level safety management, various accidents still occur frequently. According to accident classification statistics, the ratio of general accidents to dangerous accidents in Shanghai Rail Transit 1999 and 2000 was 5: 4. General accidents are mostly caused by passengers not observing the rules of safe riding, and dangerous accidents are mostly caused by the negligence of staff. This shows that there are still many loopholes in safety management.
When analyzing rail transit as a large system, people, equipment and environment can be regarded as the direct causes of accidents, while management defects are the indirect causes. There is an inevitable logical relationship between these four factors and the accident. With the help of the condition or gate in the fault tree and the principle of Boolean algebra, the following formula can be written:
t = x 1(X2+X3+X4)= x 1x 2+x 1x 3+x 1x 4
Among them, t- accident;
Management reasons of the accident;
X2-the human cause of the accident;
X3- equipment cause of accident;
X4- Environmental cause of accident.
As can be seen from the above formula, the cause of the accident can be attributed to four factors: management, human, equipment and environment. Any one of these four factors will cause an accident if it doesn't work well. Management factors restrict the other three factors anytime and anywhere, and management reasons or the combination of management reasons and any of the above reasons will cause accidents. In other words, as long as there are defects, confusion or mistakes in management, it will directly lead to accidents or unsafe behaviors of people, unsafe conditions of equipment and unsafe factors in the environment, and then lead to accidents. It can be seen that management defects are the key cause of the accident.
2. Problems existing in the safety management of urban rail transit.
With the rapid development of urban rail transit construction in China, due to the short development history and lack of experience, there are the following problems and security risks that cannot be ignored in construction and operation management:
2. 1 The management system of urban rail transit needs to be further rationalized.
Urban rail transit should do a good job in safety management from the whole process of preliminary demonstration, planning, design, construction and operation. At present, the planning, design, construction and operation of urban rail transit in China are out of touch with each other, and the management system of urban rail transit needs to be further straightened out.
2.2 Relevant safety management regulations need to be further improved.
The laws and regulations of subway safety management are the basis of realizing the legalization and standardization of subway construction, operation and management, and also the basis of realizing the safe, healthy and sustainable development of subway. Last year, the Ministry of Construction formulated and issued the Measures for the Operation and Management of Urban Rail Transit, but this alone is not enough, and the regulations on the safety management of subway operation need to be further improved.
2.3 The relevant safety standards and specifications have not yet formed a complete system.
The establishment of subway industry safety standards plays a vital role in standardizing the safe operation of enterprises. To formulate safety standards for the subway industry, we should not only consider the possible level of the subway industry, but also fully consider the expectations and recognition of passengers and all sectors of society. How to formulate a unified safety standard, determine the accident classification, accident grade and its division method, and then form a complete safety standard system, these are all unsolved problems.
2.4 did not form a sense of national security.
The safety of subway operation is directly related to the personal safety and property safety of passengers, and is closely related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. In order to realize the safe and orderly operation of subway, on the basis of strengthening the safety education of employees, it is necessary to educate the passengers, urge them to abide by the rail transit safety management system and raise the safety awareness of the whole people. There is still a lot of work to be done to form a comprehensive awareness of urban rail transit safety in China.
2.5 subway accident emergency plan is not detailed enough, lack of drills.
Due to the characteristics of subway operation environment, accidents are dangerous and urgent, so it is very necessary to make various plans in advance and carry out emergency treatment and simulation drills for subway accidents. Especially for new subway lines, different types of drills such as recovery, rescue, emergency repair, emergency rescue, fire fighting and emergencies should be carried out during the trial operation. At present, most subway companies have made some emergency plans, but the outstanding problem is that they are not detailed enough and lack regular drills.
3. Safety information management system based on safety information system.
To establish the safety management information system, we must establish the corresponding safety information management mechanism, and at the same time, we must have a perfect safety information management system as the front-end support system. Therefore, at the beginning of the construction of safety management information system, we should fully consider some changes in organization, management procedures and information processing methods caused by it.
Safety information system is the nerve center of safety management organization, and information center is the brain of safety management activities, which is responsible for the response and action of safety information, directing and coordinating the relationship between personnel and departments, and unifying the process. Construct the target information flow diagram as shown in figure 1: it is the stage of safety information acquisition, safety information processing, safety information utilization and implementation feedback. In order to make the system run effectively, it is necessary to strengthen the safety information collection system and establish an effective safety information response guarantee system.
3. 1 Strengthen safety information collection
Avoiding the randomness and uncertainty of obtaining safety information is a prerequisite to ensure accurate and timely collection of safety information. The collection of safety information includes collection contents and collection channels. When collecting safety information, you should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Implement whole-process management to eliminate hidden dangers. The core of the whole process management is to emphasize the tracking management of hidden dangers of accidents, so as to realize the whole process management of hidden dangers discovery, registration, rectification and transmission to the safety information center. The equipment shall be inspected regularly, and the safety information in the inspection process shall be transmitted to the information center, and the obtained information shall be incorporated into the information system for filing and investigation, so as to guide the normal operation of the production site, sort out and analyze important hidden dangers, and conduct safety education for employees.
(2) Establish and implement a safety information collection system. In addition to organizational guarantee, it is more important to provide institutional guarantee for the collection of safety information. It is necessary to formulate a series of information operation methods, management systems and reward and punishment schemes, so that each safety officer can clearly define his responsibilities, rights and obligations.
(3) Establish a three-dimensional network channel for obtaining safety information. In order to ensure the collection, transmission, processing and storage of safety information, a strict crisscross safety information network should be established. Vertical safety information network refers to a multi-level safety information network composed of enterprise decision-makers, functional departments and operation teams, which establishes a responsibility system for safety personnel at all levels and implements the reception, sending and sending of safety information at all levels. The horizontal safety information network is a safety information network composed of departments and production units related to safety production at all levels, and sends relevant safety information to the safety information center in time according to the prescribed obligations and procedures.
3.2 Establish an effective security information response guarantee system.
The information system should be able to store static security information at one time, update it regularly and consult it at any time, and track, maintain and respond to dynamic security information in time. Dynamic safety information response system is a feedforward system based on micro-control. Accidents and unsafe factors in each link are transmitted to the information center by many safety officers, and the information administrator of the information center sorts, analyzes and screens the transmitted safety information, and then the safety information supervisor provides information support, the safety engineer provides technical support, and the safety technology department coordinates resource allocation. By making plans, dates and responsible persons, effective measures to control hidden dangers in production system are put forward. The results, inspectors and acceptance shall be fed back to the information center in time. The whole process needs complete documents and records, which shall be filed, archived and updated in time by the Security Information Center for dynamic tracking. The flow chart is shown in Figure 2.
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Urban rail transit is integrated into our life, but it also brings us security risks. We should pay attention to the safe operation of urban rail transit, do a good job in technology and management, find potential safety hazards in time, put forward rectification measures in time, and take emergency measures to minimize the accident probability and losses caused by accidents.
refer to
[1] field. Discussion on safety management countermeasures of urban rail transit. Finance and management, 2009.
[2] Thanks. Beijing Metro Operation Safety Management [R] Beijing National Urban Rail Transit Operation Safety Management Seminar .2007.
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