A 3000-word thesis on the prevention of college students' psychological crisis.
In recent years, there have been reports of college students committing suicide and hurting others. In addition, there are not a few college students with psychological disorders or even mental disorders. It is an important task for colleges and universities to identify students with psychological crisis as early as possible, effectively implement psychological crisis intervention, solve various psychological problems of college students in time, and do a good job in the prevention and intervention of psychological crisis of college students.
Keywords: college students; Psychological crisis; prevent
China Library Classification Number: C444 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1002-0845 (2012) 02-0146-03.
First, the status quo of psychological crisis prevention and intervention of college students in China
In recent years, vicious incidents such as college students' suicide, injury or killing others have been reported from time to time, which often causes great social repercussions. In addition, there are not a few college students with psychological disorders or even mental disorders. Therefore, it is an important task to identify students with psychological crisis as soon as possible, effectively implement psychological crisis intervention, solve college students' psychological problems in time, and do a good job in the prevention and intervention of college students' psychological crisis.
Opinions of Central the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Education for College Students (Zhong Fa [2004] 16) points out:? Attention should be paid to mental health education. According to the characteristics of college students' physical and mental development and the law of education, we should pay attention to cultivating college students' good psychological quality and excellent characters of self-esteem, self-love, self-discipline and self-improvement, and enhance their ability to overcome difficulties, withstand tests and bear setbacks. ? Opinions of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League on Further Strengthening and Improving College Students' Mental Health Education (No.KOC-0/[2005]) points out:? Efforts should be made to establish and improve the early warning mechanism for high-risk groups of college students' psychological problems. Colleges and universities should conscientiously carry out the work of finding out the mental health status of college students, actively do a good job in the prevention and intervention of high-risk groups with psychological problems, pay special attention to preventing suicide or hurting others caused by serious psychological obstacles, and achieve early detection, timely prevention and effective intervention of psychological problems. ?
At present, colleges and universities in China actively respond to and implement the spirit of the central document, and have done a lot of work in the prevention and intervention of college students' psychological crisis. Many colleges and universities have set up leading groups for students' psychological disease prevention and crisis intervention, and formulated a relatively perfect system for students' psychological crisis prevention and intervention. There are relatively perfect regulations and procedures, from determining the investigation standard and frequency of students' psychological crisis, to some corresponding intervention measures after discovering students' psychological crisis, and even to various countermeasures of the school after the vicious crisis. However, it is not optimistic that there are still many suicides and related psychological crises among middle school students, which shows that the work of colleges and universities in preventing students' psychological crises is not as effective as we expected. At present, the general situation is that whenever there is a psychological crisis of students in colleges and universities, schools usually do a good job in dealing with the aftermath in time. However, this is only a remedial measure after the accident, and it is a passive response. It can't save students' lives and health, nor can it alleviate the great psychological pain of students' families. Therefore, it is far from enough to do this. Colleges and universities should focus on the prevention of students' psychological crisis.
Second, the causes of college students' psychological crisis
The causes of college students' psychological crisis are complex and multifaceted. To sum up, there are the following factors:
1. Physiological factors
If students suffer from serious physical illness or physical disability, the treatment period is long or difficult to cure, and they feel very painful and desperate, they are prone to psychological crisis.
2. Psychological factors
(1) Personality characteristics. Through the analysis of some college students' psychological crisis cases, it is found that students who are too introverted and withdrawn tend to be self-enclosed and self-depressed. When encountering difficulties and setbacks, they often choose to bear it alone, unwilling to seek help and support from others, or subjectively think that no one can help themselves and no one is willing to help themselves, which leads to their lack of social support, and they often feel extremely lonely and desperate, resulting in a sense of despair and prone to psychological crisis.
(2) The cognitive concept is unreasonable. AlbertEllis, an American psychologist, believes that bad emotional reactions often come from people's incorrect and extreme understanding of events, which is called irrational thoughts. The concept of irrationality has three characteristics: absoluteness, overgeneralization (from partial generalization to whole) and disaster (extremely bad). For example, I must be admitted to the graduate school, and I must not fail. The failure of running for class cadre made me lose everyone, and my life was abandoned by my lover. A large number of students with irrational ideas in their minds are prone to come to a dead end and have a psychological crisis when they look at the difficulties and setbacks they encounter.
(3) mental illness. Students with severe mental illness. Students with depression, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and schizophrenia experience more negative emotions such as tension, fear, worry, depression, pain and despair than students with normal psychology. Although the number of these students is small, the probability of psychological crisis is high.
3. Social factors
(1) academic and exam pressure. The content of professional study in universities far exceeds the curriculum in middle schools in depth and breadth. Some students are extremely worried that they won't pass the exam because they can't understand the professional content after going to college. Before the exam season comes, they will be nervous and anxious all day and feel extremely desperate. Some students are in a state of panic because they are afraid that the graduation thesis defense will be difficult to pass and that they will not get the degree diploma. In this way, once their worst fears come true, they will easily have a psychological collapse and have a psychological crisis.
(2) family economic poverty. Many research data show that poor college students are more likely to have psychological problems of one kind or another than non-poor college students. Due to family financial difficulties, poor students usually experience more hardships from life than non-poor students. On the current university campus, students from wealthy families live together with students from poor families. Their sharp contrast in consumption ability and consumption behavior has made a considerable number of poor students suffer a great psychological impact. They feel that they are inferior to others everywhere, resulting in too strong and lasting negative emotional experience. Moreover, there are many relatives of poor students who, with the feudal idea of honoring their ancestors, entrust them with the important task of prospering the whole family. Because of this, they feel that they must live a good life before they can explain to their loved ones. On the one hand, they look forward to the eyes of their loved ones, on the other hand, they feel that they are inferior to others everywhere. This inner imbalance makes some poor students feel particularly tired and feel that fate is particularly unfair to them, so they complain about others and feel extremely painful. Because it is difficult for them to get rid of the shadow of family economic poverty quickly during their college years, their psychological imbalance will also exist for a long time, laying a hidden danger for psychological crisis at any time.
(3) Family conflicts and mutations. Some college students think that the contradiction with their families is sharp, irreconcilable and unsolvable, so they are very painful and desperate. When they can't stand it, it is easy for them to have the idea of ending their lives. Some students are too suddenly and strongly stimulated by unexpected events recently, which is beyond a person's normal psychological endurance and prone to psychological crisis.
Third, preventive measures for college students' psychological crisis
20 1 1 The Ministry of Education clearly requires that the prevention and intervention of college students' psychological crisis should be adhered to in the Basic Construction Standard of College Students' Mental Health Education (No.[20 1 1 issued by the Academic Affairs Office). Prevention first? The principle of. Only prevention can save students' lives and health to the greatest extent and benefit students to the greatest extent. So, what measures should colleges and universities take to effectively prevent college students' psychological crisis? The author believes that the work can be carried out from the following aspects:
1. Continue to publicize and train mental health knowledge.
(1) Strengthen the popularization of college students' mental health knowledge. There is a western proverb:? Prevention in advance is better than regret afterwards. ? The same is true of students' psychological problems. If students usually have rich knowledge of mental health and have certain psychological adjustment ability, when troubles or crises in life come, they are more likely to pass smoothly and are less likely to have serious psychological problems. Therefore, colleges and universities should attach great importance to students' mental health.
The popularization of health knowledge should have a large coverage and high publicity frequency, and students should be willing to accept it to ensure the quality of publicity and popularization. At present, many colleges and universities offer mental health courses, strengthen life education and frustration education for students, and hold various forms of mental health knowledge publicity activities regularly, which has received quite good preventive effects.
(2) Strengthen the psychological knowledge training for all kinds of relevant personnel on campus. On the university campus, some staff members are in close contact with students every day. If they can master enough mental health knowledge and understand the dangerous signs of some students' psychological crisis, it will be beneficial to find students with psychological crisis early. Therefore, psychological counseling centers should regularly train these staff. These personnel mainly include student counselors and class teachers, student dormitory administrators, professional teachers and administrative personnel.
Student dormitory administrators get along with students every day, and have a better understanding and familiarity with students. Some students will talk to them when they are in trouble. Student dormitory administrators are generally temporary workers employed by the school, usually with a low level of education. However, for students with abnormal daily behavior, they can usually find students' abnormalities according to their life experience, but sometimes they are enthusiastic to help because of lack of psychological professional knowledge. Therefore, regular training for dormitory administrators can effectively find students' psychological crisis as early as possible and win valuable time for subsequent emergency intervention measures.
Most full-time counselors or class teachers in colleges and universities do not have the professional knowledge background of psychology. Although they are enthusiastic about their work and care about their students, they often can't use conversation skills properly when facing their psychological problems, and sometimes they seem helpless. They don't know where to cut into the dialogue or how to guide the students correctly. Therefore, colleges and universities should actively find ways to create various conditions, so that student counselors or class teachers have the opportunity to regularly participate in various professional trainings inside and outside the school, enrich their psychological professional knowledge, and work effectively with this support.
2. Conduct psychological crisis surveys on a regular basis.
In colleges and universities now, a student often has an accident, but there is no medical record of this student in the psychological counseling center. Call up the psychological investigation records of the student when he first entered the university, and the results are often within the normal range. There may be two reasons for this phenomenon: first, students feel that they have psychological problems, but because of their biased understanding of their psychological problems, they are afraid that others will know and are ashamed to hide them, so they will not go to the psychological counseling center to actively seek professional help or answer psychological questionnaires with an honest attitude, which makes it difficult for the psychological counseling center to find such students; Second, because students' psychological problems are a dynamic development process, they may occur at any time, not necessarily only when they first enter the university campus. So, how can we find these signs of psychological crisis as soon as possible? This requires colleges and universities to make full use of campus media (radio, television, campus network, etc.). Promote psychological counseling centers in various directions, encourage students to learn to seek help, and nip all kinds of psychological problems in the bud; In addition, colleges and universities should conduct a psychological survey on students of all grades once a year and a psychological crisis survey once a month to screen out key people, and then invite them to the psychological counseling center for face-to-face consultation to find and eliminate potential crises as soon as possible.
3. Summarize the crisis events in time.
An effective way to prevent students' psychological crisis events is to summarize the crisis events that have happened in time, and find out the characteristics that students are prone to psychological crisis. Taking China University of Political Science and Law as an example, through summarizing and analyzing the vicious crisis events in recent years, it is found that the graduating seniors are prone to psychological crisis, unable to find a job, and difficult to get a degree diploma. If they pile up with emotional problems, family conflicts and many other problems, it is easy to form a superposition effect in students' minds, which will eventually crush students and lead to tragedy. Therefore, through the summary and analysis of crisis events, we can pay attention to special groups, put prevention ahead, and prevent negative emotions from accumulating and amplifying in students' psychology indefinitely.
4. Post life-saving posters in accident-prone places.
Through the investigation and analysis of many campus psychological crisis accidents in colleges and universities, it is found that some special places in colleges and universities usually become places where students choose to commit suicide. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant departments of colleges and universities can post some life-saving posters in these places, which can help save lives and arouse people's desire for help. The content can be inscriptions, inspirational and warm words, cartoons or pictures, and students can choose to seek psychological crisis help from inside and outside the school. For example, the telephone hotline of psychological crisis in domestic professional institutions and the telephone number, address and website of our school's psychological counseling center will help students who are about to commit suicide to stop at the last minute, rekindle their hope of survival, give help and leave opportunities to save their lives.
5. Prevent the occurrence of imitation effect in time.
In today's society, newspapers, internet, television, telephone communication and other media are highly developed, which makes people obtain information in a wide range of channels and at a very fast speed, thus producing imitation effect. For example, in the spring of 20 10, after the media reported the vicious incident in Nanping County, Fujian Province, several similar vicious crimes against young children occurred in other parts of the country in the following months. Similarly, once college students' suicides are disclosed by the media, they are likely to form in a short time for those students who are hovering in other colleges and universities to fight to the death? A role model? Therefore, they also chose to make up their minds and take the same action to end their lives. Therefore, whenever the media reports vicious incidents such as suicide or murder of college students or social celebrities, colleges and universities should act quickly, immediately carry out the investigation of students' psychological crisis in our school, do a good job in calming students' emotions, and prevent the occurrence of chain reactions, so as to prevent the occurrence of students' psychological crisis events first.
6. Continuously improve the professional level of full-time psychological counseling teachers.
In my long-term psychological counseling, I found that the causes of students' psychological crisis are usually complicated, and the handling of these cases is usually very difficult. Only experienced senior psychological counseling teachers with solid professional knowledge and superb professional skills can quickly find the crux of students' psychological problems and take appropriate methods for counseling, so as to solve students' psychological problems better and faster. To achieve this goal, full-time psychological counseling professionals in colleges and universities need to study hard for a long time, accumulate practical experience and improve their professional quality. Therefore, colleges and universities should make clear, concrete and feasible plans for the further study of full-time psychological counseling professionals every year, ensure the regular study and research funds for each professional, and give each professional a certain degree of freedom, so that they can choose their own topics or directions for in-depth research according to their professional foundation, expertise and interests under the guarantee of fixed training funds, and continuously improve their professional quality and consulting quality.
In short, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of students' psychological crisis, it is necessary for college student staff to have a high sense of responsibility, not to be impetuous and perfunctory, and to implement all aspects of student work in detail. Only in this way can we really achieve the effect of prevention.
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