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Folk customs have regional characteristics. As the saying goes, there are different styles and customs in a hundred miles, and the regional differences of customs are the main indicators for dividing cultural regions, and also the factors that constitute an intuitive characteristic culture in a region. Ban Gu said in the Geography of Han Dynasty: "All people believe in the nature of the five permanents, but just is different from softness, and it is the spirit of water and soil." This sentence points out the close relationship between customs and geographical environment.

The content of customs is quite complicated, including local customs, wedding and funeral etiquette, superstition and obscenity, folk songs and proverbs, etc. Generally speaking, the connotation of customs includes two aspects: one is the regional cultural character, that is, people's personality, temperament, will, language and social consciousness, social concept, behavior and living habits; Second, the formation, development and change of customs are restricted and influenced by the natural and social environment. Among them, the regional differences between natural environment and social environment make customs and habits have distinct regional characteristics. Custom is a cultural form produced by the interaction between the internal shaping of geographical environment and the external creation of social environment. Guanzhong is one of the earliest areas where Chinese civilization originated. It has a long history, profound cultural accumulation and rich customs and culture.

Guanzhong, known as "Qinchuan in 800 Li" in ancient times, reaches the Qinling Mountains in the south, the Loess Plateau in the north, Tongguan in the east and Baoji in the west. It is a rectangle extending from east to west, bordering Shanxi, Henan, Gansu and other provinces in the east and west, and adjacent to the mountain landscape area in southern Shaanxi and the loess plateau landscape area in northern Shaanxi in the north and south. It is the essence of Shaanxi's economy and culture.

The so-called "Ten eccentrics of Guanzhong" can best represent the customs of Guanzhong, namely: "The house is half-hidden, the girl is not open to the public, noodles are like ribbons, steamed buns are like pot covers, the oil is pungent, steamed buns are sold in large bowls, and they are worn on their heads, singing and shouting, and the bench does not sit up, and it rains and snows every week." This folk proverb summarizes the customs of Guanzhong from the aspects of food, clothing, housing and transportation. Taking the folk proverb "Ten eccentrics in Guanzhong" as an example, this paper reveals the relationship between Guanzhong custom culture and Guanzhong geographical environment and social environment.

The architectural landscape in Guanzhong includes mansions and caves. Traditional rural houses in western Guanzhong are mostly big houses, which are "half-built houses" among the top ten eccentrics in Guanzhong. Seen from the side, this kind of house is only half of the double-sided word house. Generally speaking, the back wall of a house is 5-6 meters high, the eaves wall is 3 meters high, and the back wall has no windows. When it rains, the rain flows to the middle of the yard. Guanzhong folk houses are the choice of ordinary people in adapting to the geographical environment for a long time. The main reason is that this kind of house saves wood instead of beams and columns, and it is small in area and saves labor. In addition, "Ji Hu" (rammed adobe) is used for wall construction, and it is convenient to obtain materials. This is related to low forest coverage, lack of wood, loess soil and easy use of materials as blanks. At the same time, due to the influence of monsoon climate, the northwest wind blows in winter in Guanzhong area, and the mansion generally faces south or east, so that the back wall facing northwest without windows can resist the cold wind and play a role in keeping out the cold, while there are doors and windows on the east or south side, which can receive the sun to the maximum extent, and has the advantages of warmth and sufficient light. Residents in some places in northern Guanzhong live in caves, because the loess cover is very thick and the loess is very upright, so it is easy to build caves. In addition, the rainfall in these areas is small, and the Loess Plateau lacks tall trees, so building caves is a good choice.

Four of the "Top Ten eccentrics in Guanzhong" are related to diet, such as "noodles are like belts, steamed buns are like pot covers, and spicy oil dishes are sold in big bowls", which is closely related to agriculture in Guanzhong area. Guanzhong is located in a warm temperate and semi-humid area, which is influenced by monsoon climate. Rainfall is mostly concentrated in June and September, which is beneficial to the planting of winter wheat. At the same time, Guanzhong area belongs to the alluvial plain in the lower reaches of Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River. It is a major area for developing agriculture because of its magnanimous terrain, fat and convenient irrigation. Relatively speaking, there is insufficient precipitation here, which is suitable for developing monoculture agriculture. Due to the influence of natural conditions, the crops in Guanzhong area are mainly millet, millet and wheat. Pasta is the staple food of Guanzhong people. Because of the thick soil layer and loose soil in Guanzhong area, the roots of wheat are usually deep. Wheat contains a lot of starch, and pasta made of flour is tough, "hard" and not easy to break. At the same time, because the traditional farming method consumes a lot of physical strength, the main purpose of eating customs is "satisfaction", so the pasta in Guanzhong area has the characteristics of large quantity: for example, noodles are pulled wide and long, like belts, and pot helmets are branded thick and big, like pot lids. Paomo is served in a sea bowl, which is also the adaptation of Guanzhong people to farming life. Guanzhong cuisine is relatively simple. Most of the daily meals are pasta, and there are fewer kinds of vegetables, but pickles, peppers and syrup are complementary foods. "A dish of spicy oil" is a reflection of this eating habit. Generally speaking, the diet in Guanzhong area is relatively simple in both production and raw materials, which is related to the monotony of local products.

Guanzhong is a traditional cotton producing area, and most residents use cotton cloth (coarse cloth) as the main material, which is convenient for farming. There are also some special dress habits. For example, in the rural areas of Guanzhong, some elderly women can still be seen wearing handkerchiefs on their heads, that is, "Pappa wears it on their heads". This dress habit is suitable for the climatic conditions in Guanzhong area. The forest coverage rate in Guanzhong area is low, and the vegetation destruction is serious. Whenever the wind blows, it will be dusty, and this kind of "Pappa" can be used to resist dust pollution caused by sandstorms, keep it clean, and has strong practicability, integrating wind, dust, rain, sun protection, sweat wiping, hand washing and temporary wrapping.

The emergence of traditional Chinese opera folk songs is also related to the environment. Water and soil not only moisten the living things, but also infiltrate the blood, shaping the regional character and popular art. The geographical environment has created people, and people have created a culture that blends with the environment with their own personality, and culture has further strengthened the environmental atmosphere. Ma Guanzhong would, brown and yellow dignified. The Weihe River, which is unified between different places, can be seen on the horizon. The Shaanxi opera here must be an impassioned method. Shaanxi Opera originated in the northwest loess plateau of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu. It's dry and rainy, vast and desolate, and windy and dusty. People here are simple and profound, and folk music is a little desolate in its long distance. Facing the high loess slopes and mountains in the wilderness, people feel depressed and have many feelings of suffering in their lives. The confrontation between man and the environment is more than harmony. Therefore, the Shaanxi opera is solemn and stirring, with crying as the main tone and plateau style. Qiang Qin Roars vividly tells the characteristics of Qiang Qin.

The festivals in northern China are basically the same, but there are still different characteristics in different places, such as Guanzhong area? Looks busy. "It was a holiday custom that relatives and friends helped each other during the summer harvest and the wheat harvest. This is because as a traditional agricultural area, harvesting and sowing requires a lot of labor, and relatives and friends help each other, which has formed a custom over time. Guanzhong's agricultural tradition also permeates daily customs, which is different from cakes popular in other places. At weddings, funerals and New Year celebrations, all kinds of flower buns are popular in Guanzhong area, with unique and realistic shapes. Or placing tea leaves, or giving them to relatives and friends, is both edible and an art with unique local characteristics. For example, when you get married, you should eat steamed buns, which are wrapped in bran, sugar, money and so on. Eating bran means that you can work hard. Eating a bag of candy means that life is sweet, and eating money means that financial resources are rolling in. When holding a funeral, steam "big steamed buns" to sweep away ghosts and gods. On the Double Ninth Festival, my uncle will send my nephew a "cake" made of wheat flour to pray for the healthy growth of children. During the Lantern Festival, children should be given a mouse-shaped cocoon to look at the lights. This is also related to the fact that Guanzhong area is a wheat producing area and pasta is the main product. Guanzhong is a traditional intensive farming area, "it rains and snows every week". It means that when it rains and snows, people can't go out to work, just like people who work can have a rest on Sunday.

The "dragon worship" in Guanzhong culture is a totem worship produced by ancient human beings in their understanding of the natural environment. In the ancient clan society, primitive humans used natural caves as their residence. Northwest China belongs to temperate inland plateau climate, which is also suitable for human cave dwelling. Therefore, people often come into contact with reptiles and snakes. As a result, snakes have become the totem worship gods of many clans in the northwest. For example, the ancient gods in the northwest recorded in Shan Hai Jing are mostly "snakes with heads". These ancient nations, which are dominated by snake totems, have constantly defeated and integrated clans and other animals as totems, and on the basis of snake totems, they have "accepted the four feet of animals, the hair of horses, the tail of raccoons, the feet of deer, the claws of dogs, the scales and whiskers of fish" and gradually evolved into "dragons". Dragon is a symbol of northwest regional culture.

There is also the worship of Taibai Mountain in Guanzhong area. Among the many famous mountains in Guanzhong, Taibai Mountain is regarded as "able to raise clouds for rain, stop floods and eliminate disasters" and is worshipped. Guanzhong is a semi-humid area in warm temperate zone, which has the characteristics of large precipitation variability and unpredictable drought and flood. Spring drought and continuous drought in spring and summer are more serious (there is a saying that spring rain is as expensive as oil), while traditional agriculture relies heavily on water. When there is a large-scale drought, the sacrifice of Taibai Mountain God is very grand, and a rain prayer is held in Taibai Temple. This is because the top of Taibai Mountain is covered with snow all year round, and people think it is a god. Because of the terrain, it is easy to form rain cumulus clouds, which is a precursor to rainfall. Moreover, Taibai Mountain is the area with the most precipitation in Guanzhong. Guanzhong basin is wide in the east and narrow in the west, low in the east and high in the west. The hot and humid air first meets the cold air in the east in the Weihe River basin, forming more precipitation opportunities. Taibai Mountain is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, with high terrain, which is an important barrier to block the southeast monsoon and a zone where cold and warm air meet frequently. In mountainous areas, the temperature is low, the air humidity is high, and it is often saturated. A slight air impact will produce precipitation. When people pray for rain, there are many people, drums and music are loud, which causes a wide range of air shocks and produces a wide range of precipitation. People think it is the manifestation of mountain gods and the formation of Taibai Mountain belief.

Regional cultural character is a tendentious and stable psychological characteristic shared by most people living in a certain cultural area. Regional cultural character is a universal and stable psychological tendency and value orientation of people in a specific area. Guanzhong Plain has been a region of great political, military and economic significance since ancient times, with fertile land and rich products, as well as mountains and rivers such as Qinling Mountain and Yellow River, and is known as "land and sea hub" and "land of abundance". The developed agricultural economy makes it have the conditions of self-development and independence from other places, and then forms an independent and closed development model, which also cultivates the conservative and closed character of Qin people. Because of the good living conditions, the economic foundation in Guanzhong area is better than that in the surrounding areas. Therefore, few people travel to other places to survive, and there has long been a proverb in the local area that "the old man never leaves the customs (Tongguan) and never leaves Sichuan". Over time, not only men don't travel far, but even girls don't marry far away. "Girls don't keep the outside world" comes from this idea.

Affected by climate and natural environment, the Guanzhong area of the Yellow River Basin has been dominated by dry farming economy since ancient times. Agriculture-oriented, water for a living, water irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture, the construction of water conservancy facilities and flood control is not a single small-scale peasant family can do. Therefore, the common survival interests and the dispute over water control have made Guanzhong people have a strong cohesion and established a "practical and rational" attitude towards personnel. At the same time, Guanzhong is a traditional farming area, and traditional intensive cultivation is a way of life that has remained unchanged for thousands of years. They all say "farming is like gardening". Under the influence of this lifestyle, Guanzhong people firmly believe that "no pains, no gains" and form a hardworking and pragmatic nation. For a long time, I mainly plant and live in a relatively stable natural environment, so my personality is delicate, steady and patient. These are all psychological states caused by agricultural society.

The customs of any place are the product of the social and historical development stage of a certain area and have profound social, historical and geographical roots. Especially in the primitive stage of human production activities, the emergence of customs has obvious and direct dependence on natural environmental conditions, and customs and culture are deeply branded with people's efforts to adapt to the special regional environment. In particular, the folk houses, food, costumes and customs in material folk customs are the easiest to distinguish in the cultural landscape and can best reflect the relationship between folk customs and the environment. The same is true of the folk custom in Guanzhong area, which is a cultural landscape inherited by Guanzhong people in the practice and experience of competing and adapting to the natural environment, and a mirror reflecting the relationship between man and nature in Guanzhong area. At the same time, custom culture is an important factor that restricts people's way of thinking and behavior in a region. Through the discussion of Guanzhong customs, we can have a deeper understanding of Guanzhong regional culture and human nature, and understand the interactive relationship among natural areas, administrative areas and cultural areas, which has strong theoretical and practical significance.