[Keywords:] risk-oriented; Audit mode; Reason; rational consideration
[China Library Classification Number] F275 [Document Identification Number] A [Document Number]1005-6432 (2012) 31-0069-02
Faced with the rapid development of the current economy and society, under the temptation of economic interests, the audit profession has experienced an unprecedented crisis of integrity, which largely reflects that the contradiction between the public and the audit profession has developed to an irreconcilable level. The reason for this phenomenon is not difficult to find. Under the imperfect system, the audit profession transferred the audit risk to the public. In the face of changes in the objective social environment, the responsibility that should be borne by auditors should be borne by the public, which will naturally lead to a crisis. It can be seen that in view of the problems existing in the current audit field in China, how to effectively control audit risks in the process of improving audit data has become the most concerned issue in the current audit field. In view of this situation, the author introduces the concept of risk-oriented audit in combination with the current audit model in China. In this regard, this paper briefly analyzes this concept from the following aspects.
1 Risk-oriented audit mode
Facing the rapid development of the current market economy, the implementation of risk-oriented audit mode must be based on audit risk assessment and combined with the scope of audit risk in audit business. In practical application, due to the influence of related factors, audit risk can not be implemented in audit practice so far, which directly affects the audit results. Aiming at the risk-oriented audit mode, it mainly includes the following aspects.
1. 1 Control risk-oriented audit
From this perspective, audit risk is not generalized. The core reason is that it will be very difficult to evaluate and identify independently without the assumption of relevant internal control, which leads to the fact that certified public accountants largely ignore the evaluation of inherent risks, or classify them as advanced risks, and cannot really play the role of evaluation. In view of this situation, it is necessary for certified public accountants to formulate a scientific and standardized audit work plan in combination with the actual implementation of internal control to minimize audit risks. At the same time, in the overall evaluation of inherent risk, the commercial risk of the audited entity should also be combined, but in the whole evaluation process, commercial risk is not the core of evaluation; The focus of its audit work should be on the control risk assessment of the audited entity. As the name implies, controlling the risk level will directly affect the size of the inspection risk, so it plays an extremely important role in the whole audited unit and needs the attention of the unit leaders.
1.2 Operational risk-oriented audit
In the whole business risk-oriented audit, its risk mainly refers to the risks existing in the business process of the audited entity, which is also called risk basis to some extent. As the name implies, business risk refers to the economic problems encountered by the audited entity due to the constraints of economic conditions or operating conditions, such as the risk of not being able to repay loans in time or not meeting investors' expectations. In this kind of risk audit, the main performance is the BMP audit mode proposed by KPMG in its research report "Organizing Audit with Strategic System View". In practice, this model mainly analyzes the actual business model of enterprises, including both external business environment and internal management system. Then, combined with the analysis results, through the five principles of strategic analysis, business environment analysis, risk assessment, performance measurement and continuous improvement, the business risks of the whole enterprise are comprehensively analyzed, and finally the actual risks existing in the financial statements are evaluated.
1.3 litigation risk-oriented audit
It is not difficult to see from this model that the risk in risk-oriented audit is understood as litigation risk. Different from the first two audit modes, this audit mode cannot be advocated by people because of its own particularity in actual implementation, but it exists in the whole risk orientation. In practical application, combined with the behavior motivation and behavior of auditors, it can be seen that the audited entity has put forward an attack-oriented risk basis to a great extent, and its implementation model is mainly audit risk = inherent risk × control risk × inspection risk × litigation risk. Litigation risk refers to the possibility that the audited accounting statements will bear active or passive legal liabilities due to important misstatements or omissions that the audited entity failed to find. In his view, the model takes into account the auditor's self-interest motivation, and points out that this kind of audit risk is necessary and insufficient to express inappropriate opinions, and the possibility of assuming legal responsibility is equivalent to audit risk. Because litigation risk-oriented audit can explain many audit behaviors in audit practice, it has also been accepted by some domestic scholars.
1.4 Risk-oriented audit of material misstatement
The risk-oriented audit of this view is mainly based on material misstatement of statements, and its audit risk = audit risk × material misstatement risk × inspection risk. In the audit to avoid this risk, certified public accountants need to carefully examine the accounting statements in combination with the actual development of the audited entity, and at the same time implement the contents of the statements according to the actual management of the audited entity. Combined with the latest series of audit risk criteria, the whole audit business process and audit procedure are divided into the following three aspects: first, certified public accountants should know the operating environment and internal control system of the audited unit in time and accurately to avoid hierarchical errors in financial evaluation; Secondly, if conditions permit, carry out risk control tests, so as to take timely measures to improve risks when they occur and avoid further expansion of risks; Finally, the substantive test, the main purpose of which is to check whether there is a risk of material misstatement at the identification level.
2 the causes of risk-oriented audit model
The emergence of risk-oriented audit mode not only conforms to the trend of economic and social development, but also greatly improves the audit effect and minimizes the audit risk. The causes of risk-oriented audit mode are both fundamental and direct, and the specific analysis is as follows.
2. 1 root cause
In the initial audit activities, its fundamental purpose is to prevent mistakes. Based on the characteristics of small scale and single business of the audit unit at that time, certified public accountants could verify the actual account books of the audited unit one by one, thus the detailed audit model appeared. With the rapid development of the economic market, the ownership and management right of the audited entity cannot form a unified whole to a great extent, and the interests of investors, operators and creditors must be based on the audited accounting information; Coupled with the continuous expansion of the company's scale, it has greatly increased the difficulty of detail audit, leading to the emergence of basic audit in the audit process. In the whole basic audit, auditors sample the account books of the audited units according to their own experience, which is very random and blind, and is prone to audit failure. With the passage of time, auditors have summed up comprehensive and effective internal control in practice. The implementation of the internal control system can effectively ensure the accuracy of the accounting information of the audited entity, and at the same time, auditors can determine the focus and scope of audit sampling in combination with the evaluation results of internal control, which greatly improves the accuracy of audit results. However, in practical application, the implementation of this model relies too much on the internal control system, thus ignoring other trigger factors to some extent.