The Chinese nation has a long history and splendid culture, and classical cultural masterpieces are an important part of splendid culture. I have read The Analects of Confucius, Laozi and Zhuangzi before, and made a profound exposition on getting along with others, myself and nature, and realized the classics and profoundness of classical culture. I really benefited a lot from reading the Doctrine of the Mean in the summer vacation. It can be said that I am talking to the ancients and walking with the culture.
The book The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities consists of two parts, one is The University and the other is The Doctrine of the Mean, both of which are part of The Book of Rites.
"University" includes eleven chapters, namely, Ming Dow, loving the people, stopping at perfection, learning from the classics, sincerity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country. "University" takes the cultivation of human beings as the core, and puts forward that "from the emperor to Shu Ren, it is also self-cultivation". The method of self-cultivation emphasizes that human cultivation is not only a process of introspection, but also a process of getting in touch with foreign things, acquiring knowledge through studying physics, cultivating moral character and perfecting personality. It is Zhu's "Three Programmes", which aims to show virtue, educate people and stop at perfection, emphasize the triple realm of moral cultivation, carry forward virtue, make people turn over a new leaf and achieve the ultimate goal of educating the world. Zhu's "eight items" are "respecting things, knowing things, being sincere, upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world".
"The way of university, in Ming Ming DE. In Xinmin. Stop at the best. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can worry, and then he can be virtuous. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning. Take shortcuts when you know the order. " This passage is an account of "The University" and the general outline of this book, revealing the purpose of the university. The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character and let people abandon the old and innovate. Only when they get the perfect state and know what they should achieve can they determine their ambitions. Only when they make up their minds can they be calm and thoughtful.
Everything has roots, branches and tails, and everything has a beginning and an end. Knowing the whole process, we are close to the law of the development of things.
After reading this part, it is really reasonable to connect with reality. Learning and learning need a quiet and peaceful mind, so that we can think calmly, think about our own research problems, and think carefully about the problems, so as to grasp the key and laws of the problems.
On the contrary, if you have no patience, it will be difficult to think about the problem seriously and comprehensively and analyze it deeply.
What impressed me most about reading "University" was integrity. Righteousness is to keep the integrity of the heart, that is, to keep the conscience in nature, not to be dominated by personal likes and dislikes, personal feelings and selfish desires, that is, to grasp one's own emotions and mentality, so as to maintain a good mentality. In real life, our minds cannot be right because of anger, fear, preference and anxiety. Writing here, I can't help but think of the classic video of Zhai Guoxue that the teacher showed us in the next semester of junior year, which mentioned that being a man should have serious opinions and positive thinking. It turns out that it has something in common with Zheng Xin in the university.
In the process of reading "University", I made clear the concept of "knowing things by observing them". I've only heard of it before, but I don't know its inner meaning. Now I feel suddenly enlightened and have a deep grasp of this concept. "Wu Ge" is to identify the truth of poor research, thus expanding knowledge and increasing wisdom. "Ge" means to get rid of one's own ideological magazines, not to be tempted and confused by material desires, but to deceive one's nature and not to be defiled by evil deeds, thus polluting one's mind, making one's behavior noble, making one's mind beautiful and improving one's self-cultivation. The so-called "knowledge" means to acquire knowledge, to study things, to contact things and to thoroughly exhaust the truth of things. Together, the two words are to know things, and to know things is to study things. Only by increasing knowledge and wisdom can we achieve perfection.
The above is the most important gain from reading "University". Let me talk about the understanding of the "golden mean" first. The doctrine of the mean emphasizes "sincerity" and holds that "sincerity" is the key to the realistic doctrine of the mean. The Doctrine of the Mean has many contents, including 33 chapters. It is believed that the golden mean is more suitable for personal cultivation, and the chapters of great wisdom and virtue, plain concealment, plain positioning, long journey, honesty and integrity, and the examples followed have special practical significance.
I only knew a little about the understanding of the golden mean before, but I didn't know much until I really studied it. In the second chapter "Time", "Time" refers not only to time and times, but also to opportunities. We can neither surpass the stage nor be abandoned by the times. We can neither be aggressive nor complacent. Surpassing the reality is extreme, and keeping up with the pace is backward. I think most of the meaning of the golden mean is consistent with the concept of "being in time". However, different schools have different understandings of the precise understanding of the golden mean.
The highest ideological realm in Confucianism is the golden mean, and the "golden mean" here is tolerance and utilization. Is to tolerate all objective existence and make rational use of it. In specific events, no matter what their nature, they all contain certain inevitable significance and should be accepted. In the specific operation, we should make appropriate choices and grasp moderation. That is to say, under specific time and space conditions, make appropriate behavior. Zhuangzi believes that the doctrine of the mean is reason, the doctrine of the mean is action, and the doctrine of the mean is the unity of knowledge and action. Zhu's understanding of the golden mean is impartiality and innocence, which is simple to say, but it is too difficult when we can do it in life. Because to achieve the golden mean, we must be impartial, seek a meeting point between the two ends, and be just right in the change of dynamic and static, which is really difficult for us in reality.
In addition, the most talked about in The Doctrine of the Mean is "sincerity". Be honest with yourself, your family and outsiders. A sincere person, his character is sincere, his thoughts are as deep as a pool of water, and his mind is as broad as the blue sky. In fact, the reality is the same. Honesty should be a person's basic morality, an important principle to get along with others, and also