There are many ways to choose the topic of scientific papers, and individuals can choose according to different situations:
1, accidental discovery method. This kind of topic is not considered in advance, but only interested in the fleeting phenomenon discovered by accident, so as to seize it and seek the source.
One Sunday, Songzi's classmate Hu Changcheng was playing in the ditch behind the house. There are many tadpoles swimming around in the ditch. Suddenly, he found a little tadpole swimming alone, as if it were out of place with other tadpoles. He used twigs to pull the tadpoles out of the group into groups of tadpoles, and soon it swam alone again. He was surprised, so he and several other groups of tadpoles were put in bottles and kept at home for observation. Finally, the unsociable tadpoles became frogs, and the others grew into toads. Through long-term observation, it made clear the difference between the frog and the toad's youngest son and wrote an excellent article.
2. Classroom extension method.
Example: In the science class "Animals and Environment" in primary schools, students studied the relationship between earthworms and light, temperature and water, made it clear that earthworms like dark, humid and warm environments, and learned to experiment with the difference method to judge the wrong causal relationship. After class, you can study the living environment of centipedes, crickets, ants and other small animals with the methods you have learned. You can continue to study other mysteries of earthworms: for example, does earthworms have eyes? Do earthworms have ears? Earthworms' regeneration ability, soil loosening ability, etc.
3. Question inquiry method. In daily life and study, you will definitely have some questions you don't understand. You can take them as the research objects of your thesis.
Example: Mao Dengsheng, a fifth-grade student in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, was playing with several classmates in the bamboo forest near the school one day, arguing endlessly about whether the bamboo was empty or filled with something. Careful Mao Dengsheng has always kept this problem in mind. After school, he consulted materials and did experiments, and concluded with a lot of evidence that bamboo is not empty, but contains air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. Based on this, the essay "What's in Bamboo" won the first prize of the first national youth scientific essay contest.
4. Teacher guidance method. If you have a small animal or cultivated some flowers and want to study it, but you don't know where to start, you can ask the teacher to choose a topic according to your actual situation and conditions. If you join the school's science and technology group, you can tell the teacher the idea of the research and let the teacher determine the research topic, and then you can observe and experiment around the topic.
5. Scientific verification of idioms and proverbs. Most idioms are created by people in their long-term social life and practice, but some of them come from fables, folklore and established ones. A few of these idioms do not necessarily conform to the objective reality. It can be analyzed and verified by scientific methods.
Example: Everyone is familiar with this idiom, which means that water can drip continuously and can drip through the stone. This is a metaphor. As long as you persist, you can do seemingly difficult things even if your strength is small. But common sense tells us that a water drop is just a drop of liquid, its strength is very small, and its impact speed will not be too fast. How can it go through hard rock? Members and students began to doubt the scientific nature of this idiom, and verified the scientific nature of this idiom by doing simulation experiments and consulting materials.
Spring is the east wind and rain is the ancestor, which is a popular meteorological proverb. A classmate made a detailed observation record of the temperature, wind direction and weather in March, and then obtained the application scope of this proverb by using scientific statistics, which provided a reference for meteorological forecast.
Is the sunflower blooming to the sun or not? However, Hunan native Jiang Linbo challenged this theory. Through two years of experimental observation, he concluded with convincing arguments that sunflower does not always turn to the sun, but refers to the bud stage, and then does not turn after flowering. (1) direct observation. It is a way for people to observe natural phenomena under natural conditions by looking carefully with their eyes.
Be careful when observing, don't let go of any subtle details. At the same time, the observation should be recorded in detail, otherwise it is impossible to get real first-hand materials.
(2) Hands-on experiments. The experimental method is to artificially intervene and control the research object, which is more conducive to giving full play to the initiative of students to reveal hidden natural mysteries than observation.
(3) field trip. Including investigation, visit and field trip. Before the inspection, the purpose of the inspection and the necessary tools, instruments, medicines, daily necessities, etc. must be made clear. Must be prepared. In the process of inspection, it is necessary to record the time, place, process and inspection results in detail at any time and place, and sometimes bring back necessary specimens and samples to take pictures of more important phenomena. These are very useful first-hand information.
(4) Obtain information. Due to the limitation of time, space or objective conditions, it is impossible to observe, experiment and investigate some materials in person, so we have to consult books and periodicals or consult teachers and parents. This indirectly obtained material is called second-hand material. Some problems can't be solved by your knowledge level, ability and conditions. This problem must be solved in your topic selection, so you have to check the information and find out. After obtaining the materials, it is necessary to conduct analysis and research, select materials that can be used as arguments, select the essence according to the arguments, sort out and analyze them according to a scientific attitude, and draw your own arguments and opinions.
First of all, we should check the authenticity of various materials. Some of the materials we consult are outdated views, some explanations are only applicable to a certain range, some materials are not universal, some materials are recorded incorrectly or are fictional. This material should be used resolutely.
Secondly, we should pay attention to the typicality of materials, that is, choose materials that can explain the problem, not too much, but fine, and discard materials that have nothing to do with the argument or have little to do with it.
Thirdly, it is an argument to classify the selected materials, study their similarities and differences, and the relationship between them, and then draw a conclusion. The thesis argument comes from the analysis and research of materials, so we can't draw conclusions first and then find materials suitable for proving the argument.