Facing the PPT on the computer screen, I don't know how to convince my colleagues that this business plan is the most effective. ...
From media bloggers, spread a big article. However, I always feel that words can't convey meaning and are not deeply rooted in people's hearts, and I am wondering how to convince readers to agree with my own views. ...
Most people don't need to write lyric prose all their lives, but if they can't write argumentative essays, their careers will be worrying. Argumentative writing can be said to be the most practical style. From the entrance composition to the leader's speech, the skills of argumentative writing are everywhere. No matter what kind of occupation we are engaged in, the ability of "putting facts and reasoning" can best reflect a person's comprehensive quality.
Writing an argumentative essay is easier said than done. In our life, we express our opinions all the time. As long as we can speak, we can write. Just describe our thoughts and opinions in words. But some people's expressions are touching and meaningful, while others' words make people feel "unreasonable".
Reasoning is the first part of Taiwan Province literature master Wang Dingjun's Composition Tetralogy, which vividly tells us how to write a powerful and reasonable argumentative essay in the form of prose. There is no dry dogma in the book, but the "eight reasoning methods" summarized by the protagonist Mr. Yang in rich written cases and stories.
0 1
? Form a trunk with "illegal" sentences
The key to argumentative writing is to have the tone of the paper. "Not cherishing time is a waste of life", which is a paper; "Time flies like water, who can keep you?" Not a paper. Never Forget Motherly Love is a paper, Loving Mother! I will always thank you! "Not like a paper. "Disgusting" is a paper, "What a nuisance!" It's not like a paper. The sentence patterns of the paper are all to express an idea, which can be judged by "yes" or "no"
With sentences, it is more important to have a logical framework, such as:
"We shouldn't read bad books.
A Dream of Red Mansions is a bad book.
So we shouldn't watch a dream of red mansions. "
These three sentences are the skeleton of the whole argumentative paper, and all discussions should be carried out around this framework. The next step is to add "muscle" to this skeleton, so that the whole article looks flesh and blood, reasonable and well-founded.
02
Find more than two evidences for this "right and wrong"
In order to convince others of your argument, it is not enough for the author to defend himself. We need "factual evidence" to support this argument. We often see in some articles that "a poll conducted by xxxx people shows that …" and "the statistics of the past xx years show that …", and in the work report, the boss often asks us to "speak with data", which are strong evidence support before supplementing our argument.
Another way to argue is? For example. The United States accused China of being mainly responsible for the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic and apologized to the world. In order to show that the global epidemic broke out in a certain country, which has no obligation to compensate the world, and there is no precedent, China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang cited an example: 198 1 year, due to the American sexual liberation movement, AIDS and HIV virus broke out in new york, San Francisco and California, spreading to the whole world. In 20 19 alone, 770,000 people worldwide died of AIDS. Has the United States apologized to the world for compensation? A correct example is worth a thousand words and can make a strong argument.
03
If possible, prepare a short story.
Stories can not only inspire our thoughts, but also bring us a lot of interest. Using stories to coordinate reasoning, on the one hand, can make your truth clearer, on the other hand, it can also make your article more attractive. Storytelling is a novelist's specialty. In the eyes of novelists, heaven and earth are short stories. However, the novelist has found a story, which focuses more on the process of the story, while the author of the paper focuses more on the ideas that the story can inspire.
The story of Confucius
Once upon a time, Confucius passed by Mount Tai and met a widow crying. Confucius expressed sympathy for this unfortunate woman. The lady said, "There are tigers here, and they often come out to eat people. The son was eaten by the tiger, and the husband was eaten by the tiger. My life is so bitter! " Ask her why she didn't move out earlier. She said: "People who are officials here will not be too mean to the people." Confucius said to his students, "Remember! If an official oppresses the people, it is even more terrible than a tiger! "
04
? If possible, prepare one or two permissions.
Authority is the person who has the most right to answer a question. If you ask how to grow watermelons to be sweet and crisp, the authority is melon farmers. If we ask whether to brush our teeth before breakfast or after breakfast, then we have to find a dentist. When writing a paper, don't look for the wrong authority.
If sexy stars say that humans can explore Mars right away, it doesn't count. If the smoking king says that smoking cigarettes will never get lung cancer, this statement is not reliable. Building a house depends on the architect, and treating a disease depends on the doctor. Don't take his words as authority just because he is a celebrity. You should see where he became famous first.
Who is the authority, who is not the authority, whose words can be quoted and whose words cannot be quoted, this is a matter of super-knowledge. We should cultivate knowledge and read more good books.
05
? Prepare some poems if necessary.
Although an argumentative essay is an article that explains things and puts forward opinions, its tone is analytical, judgmental and affirmative. Its function is to arouse readers' rational activities, make readers understand things, distinguish right from wrong, and "identify" with the author's ideas. In this respect, prose is the antithesis of poetry. Poetry is an activity that stimulates readers' emotions and makes them "resonate".
For example, when we want to explain the hard work of farmers in the fields, we can say: Who knows that every grain is hard? When we want to express that people can't drag out an ignoble existence, the persistence of the body and the death of personality, we can quote: since ancient times, no one has died in life, so we can keep our hearts alive. In fact, quoting poems is also a kind of quoting authority. Generally speaking, when the arguer quotes a poem, he gives strong testimony. You see, poets have said this since ancient times.
06
? Be prepared to use descriptions and metaphors if necessary.
The paper should use the sentence pattern of the paper, but adding some descriptions can play a partial amplification effect and let readers "feel" the author's subjective exposition more truly. Adding descriptions can make the article more readable and vivid. Papers, mostly hard, are unlikely to arouse readers' feelings and interest.
imagine
If we want to persuade the society to pay more attention and support to orphanages and welfare homes, an article telling the truth of a matter, an article full of descriptions of orphans' helpless and isolated living conditions, will that article get more support?
Metaphor and description have the same effect. Although it can not be directly used as evidence to support the argument, it can deepen the understanding of the point of view. For example, a donkey drags a statue of a bodhisattva down the mountain. Seeing the villagers at the foot of the mountain kneeling on the ground, they felt very awesome. Actually, I didn't know everyone was worshipping the bodhisattva on it. This metaphor demonstrates that an individual's ability can not be separated from the support of the company platform (although it is not good to compare employees to donkeys), and with reasonable evidence, the author's argument can be vividly expressed and recognized by readers.
07
Occasionally use a rhetorical tone
Rhetorical questions can strengthen the tone, and several consecutive rhetorical questions can make readers more excited when asking questions. Imagine being scolded for not studying hard when you were a child: what do you want to be when you grow up? Being a hooligan? Being a beggar? How can we be worthy of our parents if we fail the exam again and again? Should I doze off in class? Should I go to school early? Who are you kidding? Why cheat? Why not be honest? Do we celebrate April Fool's Day every day? 100 embarrassed expression is omitted here, is it?
08
Occasionally use an exclamation tone
Exclamation is also a tone of lyric writing. Mr. Wang Lao said: "If you want to write lyric, you must sigh first." . It is a finishing touch to strengthen the expression of the argument with a lyric sigh.
The first "example" in Mr. Yang's book is the Law of Perfection in Ancient and Modern Times.
First, establish the backbone:
In ancient times, some people had perfect personalities and were worthy of imitation by future generations. There are also some people in modern times who have perfect personalities and deserve to be imitated by future generations. Imitating those people with perfect personality can reduce our shortcomings and achieve a perfect situation.
Find two more pieces of evidence:
Wang's mother became a virtuous mother in the Tang Dynasty, imitating the mother's tomb in the Han Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing took his brother Yan Gaoqing as an example and became a loyal minister.
Prepare a short story:
West tide anti-Japanese short story.
Prepare to quote "authority":
"To cultivate the meaning of heaven and earth, the legal system is ancient and modern."
Prepare to quote a poem:
"For General Yan, for serving the blood."
The tone of rhetorical question:
Can a mediocre life satisfy us?
If Wen Tianxiang only worships selfish people, can it be desperate when the country is in danger?
Sigh tone:
How tragic!
How painful!
Perfect capital!
Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By presenting facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition.
Writing an argumentative essay, these writing skills are important, but more importantly, we have something to say. If your mind is empty, no amount of frames and expressions will help. Therefore, by constantly enriching your knowledge and practicing, you can become a reasonable person with substance in speech and careful logic.