On the Social Function of Art 1: The Social Function of Art
Art covers a wide range. Broadly speaking, it can be roughly divided into decorative art and practical art. As far as decorative art is concerned, it mainly includes painting and sculpture. Painting, because of its different materials and tools, can be divided into Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, gouache painting, printmaking, sketch and other painting types. Sculpture also has various forms such as round carving and relief, and the materials used are stone, wood, mud, gypsum and bronze. Practical arts also include arts and crafts and architecture. At present, although there are different views on the concept of arts and crafts at home and abroad, according to the usual statement, arts and crafts include traditional handicrafts, modern arts and crafts and commercial arts. Jade carving, tooth carving, lacquerware, metal handicrafts and other traditional handicrafts. Modern industrial art (or? Industrial design? ) including all applicable and beautiful daily necessities to meet the people's growing material and spiritual needs, as well as the modeling and color design of modern vehicles and machinery; Modern commercial art mainly refers to commodity signs, packaging and decoration and commercial advertisements. The reason why architecture also belongs to the category of fine arts is determined by the duality of technology, science and art contained in architecture itself. Any building always stands on the earth as a material structure with a certain spatial form, which inevitably has a problem of whether the form is beautiful or not. In this sense, architecture, like sculpture, is a very figurative plastic arts.
Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which are carried out in space and express and appeal to human vision. When this name was first used in Europe in the 17th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. Me? May 4th Movement? When this word is widely used around, it also has the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, Lu Xun explained it in 19 13? Art? When I wrote this word: Art is a word translated from English love. People who love clouds are originally from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China took another one? Art? Translation of this word? Aite? ,? Art? The word "painting" has become a special name for visual arts such as painting. Art is one of the types of art, which is closely related to human society. Artistic creation is one of the important and distinctive signs of the development of human civilization. In modern society, art has penetrated into every aspect of daily life, meeting people's growing needs in material and spiritual life. Such as interior design: various styles, costume art: platform shoes, sculpture: jade shape of Yuhai Square, etc. From these works of art, we can see that art should use various materials to create a three-dimensional or flat visual image as a means to convey aesthetic information between people, so art is also called "plastic arts". His main categories are painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts.
Art is essentially the product of spiritual consciousness creation. Yu Ding of the Zhou Dynasty recorded the inscriptions on the land and slaves given by the Zhou King to the slave owners. It contains the concept of symbolizing the ruling power of slave owners. In fact, it is to publicize their slavery privileges, express their loyalty to the king of Zhou and commemorate their ancestors. Rodin's Thinking created a very young and beautiful female head. With her head down, her melancholy and staring eyes and closed lips reveal a rich and complicated inner world, as if she were lost in a meditation that could not get rid of social constraints, surrounded by the atmosphere of dreams, and shapeless? Ideas? Spit it out in the still "matter", as Rodin himself said: Does the body express the inner spirit? ,? Everything is thought? . It can be seen that the essence of art is an ideology, which is a superstructure subordinate to the social and economic foundation by serving some intermediary links. Art is also the product of human aesthetic knowledge and creation, which embodies the aesthetic concepts and ideals of society and individuals.
Everything in nature itself is nothing. Beautiful? With what? Not beautiful? Boundaries, like color itself, are not important? Beautiful? With what? Not beautiful? Same. Why do things and colors exist? Beautiful? With what? Not beautiful? The difference is all with people? Social life? It doesn't appear until it's connected, so? Beautiful? With what? Not beautiful? what's up People? The standard of one's own life concept and value orientation, especially as? Social man? A conscious response to. Everybody's doing it? Aesthetic? In the process of activity, is it inseparable from the object? Image? Lenovo, the creator injects his own feelings into his works, so the works of art are no longer a simple imitation and reproduction of the object, but always bear the author's strong aesthetic interest. For example, Zhan Jianjun's "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain" vividly reproduces the revolutionary heroism of the anti-Japanese soldiers who fought bravely and would rather die than surrender, which can undoubtedly stimulate people's patriotic enthusiasm. The public welfare poster "Living for Spring Grain" stands out with a bright and eye-catching image? Cherish food? Meaning, educate and remind people to pay attention to the quality and style of thrift. Through the infection and stimulation of the image, the viewer's consciousness and emotional activities are stimulated, thus improving his thought, morality and sentiment. This is the educational function of art in society. And Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: Artistic? Material? Taken from real life, the "materials" in real life are scattered. Will artists disperse these? Material? Get together and use your own? Conception? Going? Rich? It, with its own? Composition? Refine it to make a section in real life more typical, and the pictures and images presented are typical, leaving a deep impression on the viewers. On the other hand, why can the audience be influenced by these typical works? Impressive? Is it because you can realize it more clearly? Life? The essence of. This is because art plays a cognitive role in society.
On the Social Function of Fine Arts Fan Wener: The Function of Fine Arts
The explanation of the multiplicity of artistic functions in popular theory can be summed up as an equation: the function of artistic works = practicality+cognition+education, top ten aesthetics, skill, skill, skill, skill, skill. Multiple theories? It hangs over the theoretical circle, forcing practice to submit, leading to abnormal obesity and anemia of art. Therefore, it is a task that cannot be ignored in theory to accurately evaluate the function of art in order to restore its quality. This paper intends to expound my personal views on this issue. (1) Strictly speaking, art refers to the process of artists' shaping visual beauty, not the result of such activities. Although there is a causal relationship between process and result, there is no equal sign. ? Multiple theories? The flaw is that it equates the result with the process, and the function of artistic works with the function of art, which makes the latter concept a mess. ? J On the contrary, I think: First, art is not practical. What is practical is the utensils to eat and drink, the clothes to wear, the boat to ride and the building to live in, not the artistic characteristics of 1 Attached to these physical entities. Second, art is not a platinum spoon. What plays a cognitive role is the appearance, interpretation, suggestion or symbol of images in works of art, rather than the artistic characteristics contained in these images. Third, art is not educational. The educational function is produced by the theme thought expressed by the images in artistic works, which has nothing to do with artistic characteristics in essence. Distinguish art from production, science, morality and religion. ...
What is the function of art? Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, opinions vary.
Three social functions of painting
1, cognitive function: Through works of art, we can learn about people's life, history, customs, behaviors, objects and concepts. People of different times, nationalities, cultures and social systems even know the whole universe including ourselves.
2 Educational function: refers to the ideological and moral infection and influence of the theme content and theme of artistic works on the audience.
Aesthetic function: cultivate people's discrimination, sensitivity and sensibility to beautiful things and forms. Painting was first expounded in the preface? What are the advantages and disadvantages of drawing? That is, this book is a work to evaluate artists' art, and puts forward the social function of painting as? Ming Jian, trying to rise and sink, eternal loneliness, can you learn from it? . Specifically? There are six painting methods? , not only comprehensively summarizes the artistic standards of painting criticism, but also establishes the artistic norms of painting creation completely, which has become an important part of the outstanding heritage of painting aesthetics.
In people's general understanding, art education is only the teaching of skills, the cultivation of aesthetic feeling and the cultivation of appreciation ability. However, people have neglected some functions: the cultivation of innovative ability and thinking ability in images. At present, art teachers in primary and secondary schools still lack sufficient understanding of this problem, and some even don't realize that they can't take corresponding measures and teaching methods in teaching to cultivate primary and secondary schools.
Understanding of artistic function
The main educational function of art in the era of knowledge economy is not only to cultivate students' artistic skills and aesthetic taste, but also to cultivate students' innovative ability. But at present, people lack sufficient understanding of this issue. In teaching, the concept is outdated and the method is single, and most students are imitative and technical. In view of this problem, it is proposed to change teaching concepts, improve teaching methods, cultivate students' innovative ability and thinking ability in images with brand-new teaching methods, and improve students' comprehensive quality.
Keywords: art education, painting, social function
Text snapshot:
Art, a proper term, began to be widely used by artists and educators in the May 4th New Culture Movement in China. It originated from Latin in ancient Rome? Art? , the original meaning refers to relative to? Natural? what's up Artificial skills? Refers to all kinds of hand-made works of art, literature, drama, music and so on. , including boxing, magic and medicine in a broad sense. China called it? Hundred skills? , also includes the same broad scope. In ancient times, regardless of the east or the west, only? Craft? 、? Craft? This statement is not similar? Art? Such proper nouns. This is because the aesthetic consciousness of human beings first germinated in handicrafts that meet the needs of survival. In Europe? Art? And then what? Art? These two concepts were not established and recognized until the Renaissance.
What is the function of art? Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, opinions vary. Cognitive function of art: Through works of art, we can learn about people's life, history, customs, behaviors, utensils and concepts. People of different times, nationalities, cultures and social systems even know the whole universe including ourselves.
Art education function: refers to the ideological and moral infection and influence of the content and theme of artistic works on the audience. Aesthetic function of art: to cultivate people's discrimination, sensitivity and sensibility to beautiful things and forms. The first painting is clarified in the preface? What are the advantages and disadvantages of drawing? That is, this book is a work to evaluate artists' art, and puts forward the social function of painting as? Ming Jian, trying to rise and sink, eternal loneliness, can you learn from it? . Specifically? There are six painting methods? , not only comprehensively summarizes the artistic standards of painting criticism, but also establishes the artistic norms of painting creation completely, which has become an important part of the outstanding heritage of painting aesthetics.
The main function of art, from the perspective of use, can be divided into two systems: pure art and arts and crafts. The so-called art mainly refers to painting, calligraphy, sculpture, seal cutting, and sometimes music and poetry that meet the needs of spiritual entertainment and appreciation. Because these fine arts condense social and cultural consciousness and aesthetic consciousness, some people sometimes call them literary fine arts; The so-called arts and crafts are generally divided into two categories: practical arts and special handicrafts, mainly including architecture, gardens, arts and crafts and industrial design. These arts have a certain utilitarian purpose and can meet people's material needs for food, clothing, housing and transportation. Of course, this division is not absolute.
Such as weaving handicrafts, toys, silk flower, etc. , between practical and pure appreciation. It can be seen that pure art does not exclude utilitarian purposes, and arts and crafts cannot completely abandon the explanation of the multiplicity of artistic functions in popular theory, which can be transformed into an equation: artistic function = practicality+understanding+education, ten aesthetics, one skill, one skill, one skill, one skill, one skill, one skill. Multiple theories? It hangs over the theoretical circle, forcing practice to submit, leading to abnormal obesity and anemia of art. Therefore, it is a task that cannot be ignored in theory to accurately evaluate the function of art in order to restore its quality. This paper intends to expound my personal views on this issue. (1) Strictly speaking, art refers to the process of artists' shaping visual beauty, not the result of such activities. Although there is a causal relationship between process and result, there is no equal sign. ? Multiple theories? The flaw is that it equates the result with the process, and the function of artistic works with the function of art, which makes the latter concept a mess. ? J On the contrary, I think: First, art is not practical. What is practical is the utensils to eat and drink, the clothes to wear, the boat to ride and the building to live in, not the artistic characteristics of 1 Attached to these physical entities. Second, art is not a platinum spoon. What plays a cognitive role is the appearance, interpretation, suggestion or symbol of images in works of art, rather than the artistic characteristics contained in these images. Third, art is not educational. The educational function is produced by the theme thought expressed by the images in artistic works, which has nothing to do with artistic characteristics in essence. The social function of art Everything in nature has no distinction between beauty and ugliness, just as color itself has no distinction between beauty and ugliness. The difference between beauty and ugliness of things and colors is only revealed after it is related to people's social life. Therefore, beauty and ugliness are a standard of people's own life concept and value orientation, especially as a conscious reflection of social people.
In the process of aesthetic activities, people can't leave the image association of the object, and the creator injects his own feelings into the work, so the artistic work is no longer a simple imitation and reproduction of the object, and always carries the author's strong aesthetic interest, which is the only reason to arouse the audience. 9L8E-m So Hegel said: Beauty is the earliest teacher of mankind, and the education of beauty has the quality of emancipating the mind. Without aesthetic process, there is no function of art, so the aesthetic function of art is its main function. Of course, due to the extensive connection between art and social life and the diversity of artistic creation, the social function of art is not a single aesthetic function, but embodied in many aspects. Generally speaking, art mainly has cognitive function, educational function and aesthetic function. Well, let's understand the social function of art by appreciating the works.
(1) Zhan Jianjun's Five Heroes of Langya Mountain vividly reproduces the revolutionary heroism of the anti-Japanese soldiers who fought bravely and would rather die than surrender, which can undoubtedly inspire people's patriotic enthusiasm. The public welfare poster "Life-sustaining Fountain-Grain" highlights the meaning of cherishing grain with a clear and eye-catching image, educating and reminding people to cultivate frugal quality and style. Through the infection and stimulation of the image, the viewer's consciousness and emotional activities are stimulated, thus improving his thought, morality and sentiment. -Educational function. B8D“W！ X4 gu) j (22) Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, Page 42: The material of art is taken from real life, which is originally scattered. The artist concentrates these scattered materials, enriches them with his own ideas, and refines them with his own composition, so that a certain section in real life becomes more typical, and the pictures and images presented are typical, leaving a deep impression on the viewers. On the other hand, the audience can be moved by these typical works because they can understand the essence of life more clearly. -Cognitive function. (3) "Mona Lisa" Tiger-bird-shaped drum stand When we marvel at how Da Vinci captured the Mona Lisa's appearance and inner charm, when we admire how our ancestors cleverly created the beautiful phoenix image with good wishes, or when we are in an architectural environment with profound cultural connotations, we will get full aesthetic satisfaction and great spiritual strength from these beautiful creations. -Aesthetic function. Of course, the aesthetic function also depends on the mood and emotional state of the viewer. For some people, the same natural mountains and rivers can be infinitely beautiful, for others, it can also be the residual water of depressed mountains and rivers. As an aesthetic object, nature has not changed in essence. The reason why it is so different for different people is entirely related to the mood, mood and different life experiences of the aesthetic subject. However, no matter how different their feelings are, as an aesthetic function of art, its function can make the aesthetic subject get aesthetic experience in a sense of beauty, comfort, tragedy, desolation, boldness or indifference, thus getting some spiritual relief and comfort.
These three aspects are interrelated, because the cognitive function and educational function of art are mainly realized through emotional guidance and aesthetic infection, and cultivating aesthetic feeling and cultivating sentiment also plays an important role in understanding and education. In fact, which function is more clearly reflected in specific works has its own emphasis. Generally speaking, the social function of art lies in that it can help people understand the world, popularize education, open up civilization, cultivate sentiment and improve people's spiritual quality in an all-round way, and it plays an indispensable role in the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and material civilization. "
3, art appreciation, experience G P 1h#oO.
The research on artistic function has always been pursued by our artistic pursuers.
The evolution of artistic function has always been a subject I really want to study, and a comprehensive understanding of painting function is bound to go through a long-term understanding process. With the rapid economic development in China in recent years, people's living standards are gradually improving. People are no longer satisfied with the enjoyment of material life, and their requirements for the spiritual level are getting higher and higher. Whether walking in the bustling art district or shuttling through the streets, painting has entered people's daily life. For us painters, it is of great value and significance to study the functional evolution of painting and practice it through application.
1. Classification of painting functions
1. 1 Interactive function of painting
In my opinion, the functions of painting are generally divided into social functions, cultural functions and economic functions. In terms of subdivision, social functions include: political education function, aesthetic function (including self-entertainment function), environmental beautification and decoration function. Cultural functions include: cultural inheritance, cultural exchange, scientific research and education. Economic functions include: economic construction function, commodity function, etc. Although the function of painting can be subdivided by rules and regulations, in practice, several painting functions are often intertwined. For example, when it comes to the economic construction function of painting, it is often inseparable from the environmental beautification and decoration function of the social function of painting. The various roles these paintings play in society are often complementary.
1.2 the political education function of painting
Let's talk about the political enlightenment function of painting, which is recorded in Zuo Zhuan. Last summer, there were virtues and distant figures, paying tribute to Jin Jiu for grazing, casting a tripod statue, and preparing everything to let people know that God is treacherous? . The exaggerated patterns of dragons, phoenixes, pigs, gluttons, tigers, cows, sheep and elephants on Shang and Zhou bronzes more than 3,000 years ago not only played a decorative role, but also played an educational warning role for people. It made people (including slaves) know what is good and evil, what is god and traitor, and carved many dragons, phoenixes and elephants worshipped by people on bronze wares. The ruler educates his people in this way, and the model of obeying the law can always be admired by future generations. This should be the educational function of painting that people first realized. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, painting murals on temples had become very popular. Murals in this period are not only decorative patterns, but also figure murals have begun to enter the historical stage. Since then, figure painting has gradually become the theme of China's early paintings. By the Western Han Dynasty, the scope of figure painting began to expand, including not only monarchs but also princes, which became a social fashion.
1.3 Cultural Inheritance Function of Painting
In addition, the cultural function of painting, by the Tang Dynasty, the educational function of painting has been widely known, and the status of painting has also been greatly improved. In Zhang Yanyuan's "On Painting", it is recorded that "the husband who paints becomes an educator, takes pleasure in helping others, changes his mind, and takes six books as his work". At this time, the painting state is already very harmonious? Poetry and calligraphy are easy to be happy in spring and autumn? Yes In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, most of the artists engaged in palace painting were not full-time painters, such as Yan Lide and Yan. They were all masters and ministers of the Ministry of Industry. But Wu Daozi's career is thriving because of painting. Gai Wu Daozi was a bachelor of Hanlin at the beginning, and in the 26th year of Kaiyuan he was a bachelor of Hanlin, imitating the Hong Wen Pavilion. The tutor is also called a doctor of internal medicine? It can be seen that a high level of painting is ok? Learning well is being an official? . The cultural function of painting was particularly remarkable in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Xia Zheng, the gatekeeper of the Northern Song Dynasty, was recorded in the official history because of his painting. When Wang Anshi reformed, he caught up with successive years of drought and victims were everywhere. Coupled with the improper implementation of the new law, the people are miserable. Xia Zheng knew that Wang Anshi's grammar was difficult to remonstrate, so? Understand the pictures you see? In 200 BC, he was sent to the palace. Song Shenzong saw the map of refugees in Xia Zheng, and the next day he ordered the government to open a warehouse for relief. Xia Zheng himself is also listed as the official history. In the Tang Dynasty, most people worked in the imperial court because of their superb painting skills. Other court painters in the Tang Dynasty, such as Zhang Fang Chengxiu. Zhang Xuan is Zhou Fang's teacher and Zhou Fang is Cheng Xiu's teacher. These three people are all court painters in the Tang Dynasty. I don't know if there is any inside story, so I don't know.
2. The evolution of painting function
During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the national strength was strong. At this time, the painting theme was mostly to promote national strength. At this time, painting played a political propaganda function. After Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the national strength gradually declined, and the theme of court paintings turned to describe the colorful life of court women. Since then, the self-entertainment function of painting has begun? Xiao He's first sharp corner? Yes During this period, the palace figure painting got unprecedented development. During this period, in addition to a large number of pictures depicting court women, some studios described the diplomatic situation of the Tang Dynasty, some described the reception of foreign envoys by the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, and some described the envoys of the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, painters often lived with poets, except court painters. Painting is not for people to see, just for entertainment? Many scholars believe that painting is an elegant aesthetic and self-entertaining activity. The theory of painting self-entertainment not only cultivated people's sentiment, but also promoted the development of China's painting.
Many paintings in the Tang Dynasty have influenced many painters since the Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, painters absorbed nutrition from these handed down works, and then formed their own genre, which influenced his later painters and was talked about by later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, in a sense, tomb murals played the role of some characters. In a sense, painting, like writing, plays the role of inheriting culture.
3. The role of painting in the new era
Generally speaking, the social function and cultural function of painting are intertwined. And the function of painting is gradually increasing with the development of the times. After the reform and opening up, with the rapid and stable development of China's economy, the material life has been continuously upgraded, and the socialist spiritual culture has also developed in an all-round way, which has spawned the cultivation of many cultures. With the continuation of the functions of education, cultural inheritance and communication, aesthetics and self-entertainment, the commodity function, scientific research function, economic construction function and environmental beautification function of painting have gradually stepped onto the historical stage and attracted more and more attention. In recent years, intellectuals have entered many professions, and painting has played the most crucial role. Cultural walls with the theme of promoting urban culture, purifying urban environment and improving citizens' quality are all over coastal cities. Murals with the theme of beautifying the indoor environment and advocating low-carbon environmental protection have been favored by many large hotels and leisure places, and small murals with the theme of highlighting the cultural taste of the host, improving the living environment and improving the aesthetic taste have also entered the homes of many ordinary people. With the continuous development of China's economy, painting will have more and more functions, and it will also contribute to the economic development of China and the improvement of people's spiritual level.
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