1, survey method.
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. This is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual or historical situation of the research object. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research.
It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods and other scientific methods, such as dialogue, questionnaire survey, case study and testing, to understand the phenomenon in a planned, comprehensive and systematic way. It also analyzes, synthesizes, compares and summarizes a large amount of data collected from surveys in order to provide people with conventional knowledge.
The most commonly used survey method is questionnaire survey, which is a research method to collect data through written questions.
2. Observation method.
Observation method refers to the method that researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the research object according to the specific research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable.
In scientific experiments and research, observation methods have the following functions: ① Expand people's perceptual knowledge. ② Stimulate people's thoughts. ③ Bring new discoveries.
3. Experimental methods.
Experimental method is a scientific research method. By changing the main branch, the research object is controlled, and the causal relationship between things is discovered and confirmed.
Its main features are:
First, be proactive and be good at change. Observation and investigation are carried out on the premise of not disturbing the research object, so as to understand the research object and find problems. However, the experiment needs to actively control the experimental conditions and artificially change the existing mode and process of the object to meet the needs of scientific understanding.
Second, control. Scientific experiments need all kinds of methods and techniques. According to the research needs, we can reduce or eliminate the interference of irrelevant factors that may affect science, so as to understand the research object in a simplified and pure state.
Third, causality. An effective tool and necessary way to find and confirm the causal relationship between things in the laboratory.