The earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions disappeared with the death of Yin, and bronze inscriptions took its place and became the mainstream of calligraphy in the Zhou Dynasty. Because it is engraved on the Zhong Ding, it is sometimes called Zhong Dingwen. According to the investigation, bronze wares in Shang Dynasty were engraved with inscriptions similar to pictures. Later, it continued to evolve, and the bronze inscriptions at the end of Shang Dynasty were also consistent with those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This bronze inscription reached its peak in the Zhou Dynasty and lasted until the Qin and Han Dynasties. However, there were few artifacts and inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, and the Qin and Han Dynasties reached the end, which should be regarded as the mainstream of the Zhou Dynasty. According to statistics, there are about 3,005 words on inscriptions on bronze, of which 1804 are known, slightly more than Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Bronze inscriptions inherited from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and began with Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty. Most of the books circulated are engraved on Zhong Ding, so they can preserve the original text better than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and the style is simple. The heyday of bronze inscriptions was Zhou, which moved eastward and was divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou. The Western Zhou Dynasty tended to be complete and vigorous, which led to the golden age of bronze inscriptions. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty formed its regional characteristics because of the separatist regimes of various countries-so it is introduced separately. Western Zhou Dynasty: The Western Zhou Dynasty inherited the calligraphy style at the end of Yin Dynasty, and it didn't produce a unique style until it became a king. Calligraphy style is magnificent. After Zhao Mu, he became rigorous and correct. The development of academic culture will be influenced by social and political factors to some extent. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, from Yin Ke, the king of Wu, to Kang Wang, due to the unification of the world, social stability and the rites and music of the Duke of Zhou, it was a peaceful and prosperous time, and calligraphers were able to show their vigorous and elegant style, and their contents were gradually lengthened. For example, The Great Yu Ding is the most typical representative work of this period. After Zhao Mu, the style of calligraphy changed gradually, and the strokes became unified from coarse to fine. The pen-receiving and pen-starting also changed from Fiona Fang to round pen; The lines are even and square, and the book style is extremely rigorous and correct. The representatives of this period are the elegant ode tripod, the elegant big tripod and the Mao Gong tripod with a little early style. Eastern Zhou Dynasty: After moving eastward, Qin moved the capital to Yong and inherited the hometown and culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Because of this, the characters of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are in the same strain as those of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is precisely because of this that when the characters in the eastern countries have horizontal variation due to regional characteristics and cultural reasons, the culturally backward Qin characters have become the orthodox E5a48de588B6E79Fa5E981333133236396464 (even if we don't consider the fact that China was finally unified by Qin, we can still think that in the history of Chinese character development, Therefore, the characters in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period can be divided into two categories: Qin characters and Six Kingdoms characters. (Qin characters refer to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, while Six-country characters refer to the eastern countries during the Warring States Period. ) General philologists are also called "western languages" and "eastern languages". After the Qin dynasty unified the six countries, it began to standardize the writing, which is the so-called "same language writing". The standardized characters in the Qin Dynasty were based on the Qin language, and the evolution of Chinese characters after the Qin Dynasty was also developed on the basis of the standardized Qin Xiaozhuan and Qin Zhuan's daily writing form. After the Qin Dynasty, the six-nation script was eliminated, and Qin Wen became the real mainstream. Therefore, Qin Shu is an important link in inheriting the ancient prose of the Western Zhou Dynasty, creating official script of the Han and Wei Dynasties, and even regular script. Its change can be regarded as a part of the evolution of Chinese characters according to their own internal structural laws. Therefore, as far as philology is concerned, the study of western languages in the Qin Dynasty is more important than that in the six countries, because they are direct blood relatives of Chinese characters, while the six countries are collateral branches, although they also influence and absorb each other. The bronze inscriptions in the Qin dynasty gradually came to an end, and there were not many stone carvings. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, testimonies, scales and stones were carved or cast on copper and iron and promulgated in the world. It is the masterpiece of Xiao Zhuan, with curves as the mainstay, smooth shelves, neat and changeable, and unrestrained momentum. It also provides the most reliable and complete information for future generations to learn Biography. The content of bronze inscriptions is a record of sacrificial ceremonies, orders, imperial edicts, battles, hunting, covenants and other activities or events at that time, which all reflect the social life at that time. The inscriptions on bronze inscriptions are neat and elegant, simple and heavy. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, they are more colorful. Bronze inscriptions are basically printed. These characters were discovered in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when someone sent a tripod excavated in Fenyang to the palace, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named it Ding Yuan (formerly 1 16). Later, Jin Wen made one discovery after another. Ouyang Xiu and Zhao Mingcheng were scholars in Song Dynasty. They were both good at writing, studying and recording inscriptions on bronze. The Mao inscription in the casting is very representative, with 32 lines and 497 words, which is the earliest bronze inscription unearthed. Mao's inscription is rigorous in structure, thin, smooth, even and neat, and it is a fine work in the bronze inscription. In addition, the inscription of Dahepan is also a masterpiece of bronze inscriptions. /view/40740.html？ Wtp=tt Jinwen Introduction "Collation of Unearthed Jinwen in Anhui" Author: Cui Hengsheng Edited by Anhui Provincial Planning Commission Ancient Books Arrangement and Publishing Bureau Page number: 448 Publication date:19981version SSNo. : 10320 146544.93 Date of publication: 1 April 1997/edition serial number: 10320056 New Exploration of Ancient History Author: Cai Page: 330 Date of publication:/kloc 995 10 EditionNo.: 10356395 "Quick Retrieval Manual for Jinwen" Author: Fan Zhongyue Editor Page: 273 Publication Date: 1994 EditionNo.: 1 Edition. 38+0 Publication date: 1 September 19931VersionNo.: 10320855 "Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Ancient History Research" Author: Cai Pages: 373 Publication date: 199312no. 1. Page number: 194 Publication date: 1 April 19921version SSNo: 10320 137 "A new theory of ancient China society-a new theory" Author: Luo Page number:. 895 Appreciation of Jinwen Author: Tang Fu Year Page: 284 Publication Date:1991VersionNo.: 10320 140 Selected Works of Western Zhou Dynasty Author: Hou Zhiyi Editor Page:. 0320 15 1 Selected Works of Western Zhou Dynasty Author: Wu Zhenfeng Editor-in-Chief Page: 56 Publication Date: 1986 12 Book Number: 10320438 Selected Works of Western Zhou Dynasty Author: 1 version SSNo : 10320440 "Collected Works of Yin" Author: Xu Zhongshu PageNo.: 575 Publication Date: 1984 February 1 VersionNo.:10198/kloc-0 Kloc-0/0 108 123 Index of Attached Books in Qiao Lin Author: Zhou Fagao Editor-in-Chief Lin Zhang Risheng Page: 778 Publication date: 1975 Edition 678. 024 Archaeological Special Edition B No.9 Author: Rong Geng Edited Page: 1034 Publication Date: 1 959 May 1 Edition SS No.1 10320858 Author: Archaeological Special Edition A No.11.