(A) Overview of Xinjiang's superior resources

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, the bridgehead of the Eurasian Continental Bridge and the world-famous hub of the Silk Road. It is the frontier of China's opening to the west in an all-round way, bordering eight countries from northeast to southwest, including Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. The total length of the border line is about 5,600 kilometers, accounting for 1/4 of the total length of the national land border. It is one of the largest provinces bordering neighboring countries, opening 28 ports to the outside world, becoming the only place for the second "Eurasian Continental Bridge" and occupying the bridgehead of the biggest business opportunities in Europe and Asia, which is of great strategic importance. Xinjiang's core position in Eurasia and its pivotal position connecting the four major economic axes are closer to the world's largest economy, trade, energy and tourism markets. Xinjiang has great potential to develop markets in Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia, Russia and Europe, and its position and role in the future economic structure of China and the world will become increasingly apparent.

Xinjiang has a vast territory with a land area of 6.5438+0.6649 million square kilometers, accounting for 654.38+0/6 of the land area of China. It is the largest province in China. In this vast land, there are incomparably rich natural resources, which are the basis for developing advantageous industries in Xinjiang, and there is great potential for developing characteristic economy and forming new economic growth points. First, Xinjiang has unique water, soil, light and heat resources. Long sunshine time, more accumulated temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, long frost-free period, and annual solar radiation is second only to Tibet, which is very beneficial to crop growth. The cultivated land in Xinjiang is 60.38 million mu, and the per capita cultivated land is 3. 12 mu, which is 2. 1 times the national average. Xinjiang is one of the five pastoral areas in China. There are a large number of excellent pastures around Sanshan and Liangpen, with a total grassland area of 770 million mu, ranking third in the country after Inner Mongolia and Tibet. There are 65438+ million mu of wasteland suitable for agriculture in China, and more than 700 million mu of grassland can be used, which is the most important land resource reserve in China.

Second, rich mineral resources. Xinjiang is located at the junction of the six Paleozoic plates in the old hemisphere, with excellent metallogenic geological conditions and complete supporting facilities, forming an extremely rich variety of mineral resources, and is the most important province of mineral resources in China. It has formed a basic pattern of mineral resources with oil and gas, coal and non-ferrous metals as advantages, providing a solid material foundation for the development of characteristic industries. In recent years, the development and utilization of superior mineral resources has played an important role in Xinjiang's economic construction and social development, and has become a pillar industry of Xinjiang's economy, playing an increasingly important role. At present, 138 minerals have been discovered, accounting for 80.7% of the known minerals in China, ranking second in the country. There are 79 kinds of minerals with proven resource reserves, of which 8 kinds rank first in China. Xinjiang's oil resources are 20.86 billion tons, accounting for 30% of the country's onshore oil resources; Natural gas resources 10.3 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 34% of the national onshore natural gas resources. Xinjiang's oil and gas exploration and development potential is huge, and the prospect is very considerable. The forecast of coal resources in Xinjiang is 210.9 trillion tons, accounting for 40% of the whole country. There are many kinds of resources such as gold, precious stones and jade, which are well known in ancient and modern times.

Third, it has rich and unique tourism resources. Xinjiang is a region rich in tourism resources in China, and its tourism resources are characterized by high grade, strong characteristics, excellent combination, large capacity, multiple functions and strong monopoly. According to the classification of resources in China Tourism Resources Census Standard, Xinjiang has at least 56 of the 68 basic types of tourism resources in China, ranking first in the country. Xinjiang's natural landscape is magical and unique, with ice peak volcano and vast sea oasis as neighbors, rough natural features and unique landscape combination. Its outstanding characteristics are full of novelty and mystery, primitive and rough, magnificent and vigorous development. The special geological structure and geographical environment have formed the pattern of mountainous areas and great basin in Xinjiang, and the arid climate has shaped many rare and peculiar landscapes in the world. Numerous nature reserves are paradise for rare wild animals and plants. The world-famous ancient "Silk Road" and many cultural relics complement each other, and the ethnic customs with the characteristics of the western regions are colorful.

Fourth, rich biological resources. There are many kinds of biological resources in Xinjiang, with unique varieties, excellent characteristics and great potential for development and utilization. There are more than 4000 kinds of wild animals and plants in Xinjiang. There are more than 10000 local and imported varieties of crops, many of which are of good quality. There are more than 3,500 species of wild plants in *** 132 families with edible, medicinal, scientific and ornamental values, among which there are more than 300 species with important value and about 100 species with rare value. Turpan grapes and Korla fragrant pears have long enjoyed a good reputation. In particular, cotton, hops, safflower, medlar, grapes and other specialty products are well-known at home and abroad. Xinjiang local livestock and poultry breeds have excellent characteristics such as strong adaptability, disease resistance and roughage resistance. There are many internationally endangered wild animals, such as Mongolian wild horses, Tibetan wild donkeys, Tibetan antelopes, snow leopards, brown bears, white-shouldered eagles, Tibetan snow chickens, black-necked cranes and white cranes. There are also some animals endemic to China that are only distributed in Xinjiang, such as four-claw tortoise, Xinjiang giant salamander, Tarim rabbit and Xinjiang bighead carp. At present, there are 1 16 species of national key protected animals in Xinjiang, accounting for about one third of the national key protected animals. Xinjiang is also extremely rich in forest resources, with a total standing stock of 3140,000 cubic meters. Xinjiang is rich in fruit tree resources, with about 300 excellent varieties.

Therefore, based on resource endowment and geographical advantages, it is an inevitable historical choice for underdeveloped areas to implement the strategy of transforming superior resources and developing advantageous industries. At present, Xinjiang must proceed from its own reality, choose superior and competitive products, develop characteristic economy and advantageous industries, and initially establish four agricultural production bases of cotton, grain, characteristic fruits and livestock products and an energy and mineral industry system.

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