1. Papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on.

2. The article expresses the most important thoughts and tendencies (tendencies are feelings or attitudes towards real life) through a series of carefully selected, tailored and woven concrete materials.

Second, according to the different materials:

1. In order to reflect the scientific basis of the article, the author's serious attitude of respecting other people's research results and the source of providing relevant information to readers, a list of references should generally be listed at the end of the text. Citation should be based on original documents and first-hand information. Anyone who quotes other people's opinions or words must indicate the source or make comments. All references should be truthfully stated.

2. General article material is a series of facts or arguments collected, absorbed and written from life. Literary and artistic materials are not only "facts" ("facts" generally refer to the direct reflection of things, phenomena and processes, and belong to perceptual knowledge), but also "concepts" opposite to "facts" (referring to ideological views, that is, rational knowledge).

Third, the type structure is different:

1. Articles include books and works of various styles, such as poems, plays, novels, scientific papers, narratives, argumentative papers, expository articles, practical articles, etc. The basic elements of the article: theme, material, structure and language, are the main research objects of article study. In the past, all kinds of writing works were discussed in detail, but the revelation of their conceptual connotation seemed to be thoughtless and the definition was not rigorous.

2. Papers include academic year papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers, etc. Generally, it consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable.

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