Due to the uncertainty of meaning, function words in classical Chinese generally have many uses. In exams or extracurricular reading, it is often necessary to analyze the usage or meaning of function words in specific sentences. We often can't do it, which leads to the ambiguity of sentences. In fact, the usage of function words has certain rules to follow.
1, context reasoning.
To determine its specific meaning and usage, we must combine the context and use meaning to solve the problem.
For example, "My eldest son Mai will go to Rao Dexing Wei and send him to Hukou".
Two "Zhi": The former "Zhi" is used between "Rao" (state) and "Dexing" (county), and the state and county are subordinate and should mean "De". ; It is undoubtedly a pronoun to use "zhi" as an object after the verb "send".
Pay attention to the whole sentence.
To judge the meaning and usage of function words, we should pay attention to the whole sentence. Many function words have unrealistic meanings, which mainly play a certain grammatical or mood role in sentences. Only by analyzing and grasping the whole sentence can we understand them accurately.
For example, "ye, yi, Yan and zai" as auxiliary words, help interrogative mood at the end of interrogative sentences, help exclamatory mood at the end of exclamatory sentences and help state mood at the end of declarative sentences, which are always closely related to the mood of the whole sentence.
3. Sentence position analysis.
Some function words play different roles in different positions in a sentence.
For example, the tone of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and sigh sentences at the end of a sentence generally plays a role in soothing the tone.
Another example is "Qi", which is usually the modal adverb at the beginning of a sentence, because "Qi" cannot be used as the subject, and "Qi is called Hu by General Li Guang", which is the usage of "Qi" in the middle; In a sentence, the verb is usually followed by a pronoun, such as "Qin Wang is afraid that he (representing Jing Ke) will break the wall", and the noun (representing him) is usually followed by a modal adverb, such as "Erqi (modal adverb, definitely) will not forget his father's ambition".
4. Grammatical analysis.
For example, four sentences with function words ""
(1) Qiu takes his duties as a lucky minister;
(2) Have all the leaders arrived?
3 follow the line;
(4) Died with a broken neck and tongue.
There is a rule in the usage of the word "one", that is, the word "one" is followed by a noun, and "one" is used as a preposition; "One" is followed by a verb and "one" is a conjunction.
It can be seen that sentences ① and ④ in the title are prepositions, which form an object-object phrase with nouns before, but the meaning is different before they are used in identity and tools. (2) and (3) are conjunctions, both of which are used between adverbials and headwords, indicating the relationship between modification and being modified, with the same usage meaning (indicating purpose and being used).
5. Substitute testing.
Substituting the judged meaning into the sentence, if combined with the context and the meaning is smooth, can verify the accuracy.
For example, "er" and "he" both have the meaning of inheritance and turning point. If it is judged as inheritance, it can be replaced by "long time, then"; If the judgment is a turning point, it can be replaced by "can, but"; If the meaning before and after substitution is not smooth, it means that the judgment is not accurate.