Abstract: Entering university is a turning point in everyone's life. In the process of adapting to the new learning environment and methods, there may be a series of psychological problems such as learning motivation and learning anxiety. In the face of psychological problems, we should face them bravely and make positive adjustments. With the help of teachers and classmates, we will certainly be able to overcome the difficulties and smoothly enter the right track of university study.

Entering the university is a turning point for every student. After the efforts of the college entrance examination, they all entered the university hall with ideals, hopes and confidence. However, in the face of the new living environment, new teaching methods and new learning methods, I feel extremely uncomfortable. Some have cried, some are homesick, and some even want to drop out of school. Everyone needs a psychological adaptation period after entering the university, which is only a matter of time. This is a normal psychological reflection, but if we ignore this reflection and let it spread blindly, it will affect the study and life of college students and even cause psychological problems.

Freshmen are prone to some unique learning psychological problems.

1. Temporary lack of learning goals, lack of learning motivation

Just after the intense college entrance examination sprint, I came to a brand-new university campus. The idea that ten thousand people can finally relax after crossing the wooden bridge; After entering the university, many people began to have the idea of going to the dock by boat and taking a bus to the station to catch their breath and have a rest. Forget or neglect to set new life goals for yourself, even know nothing about your future development and have no clear life goals. Lack of learning motivation, focusing on places that have nothing to do with learning. I don't listen in class, and I don't want to read after class. Handle homework. Even absent from school, addicted to the internet and games. Wasted a good time.

2. study fatigue

Study fatigue is divided into physical fatigue and psychological fatigue. Mental fatigue is not due to physical exertion, but because the activities they engage in do not meet the psychological needs of students, and it is difficult to form a positive attitude. If you have to bite the bullet and do something you don't want to do, you will inevitably feel bored. Because psychological fatigue is not physiological, its external performance is not obvious, but it is hidden. It is characterized by slow thinking, inattention, emotional irritability, depression and irritability. Study fatigue reduces students' learning efficiency, increases their learning mistakes and produces weariness. If not eliminated in time, it may lead to neurasthenia. Psychological fatigue has the following symptoms: (1) After getting up in the morning, I feel weak all over, my limbs are heavy, my mood is bad, and I don't even want to talk to others; (2) Lack of enthusiasm in study and work, laziness in doing anything, many mistakes in work and low efficiency; (3) It is easy to be emotional and neurotic, and things that are not satisfactory will also be angry; (4) eye fatigue, vision loss, general malaise, dizziness, headache, heavy head, backache, nausea, etc. ; (5) Tired, but unable to sleep in bed; (six) no appetite, picky eaters, taste changes quickly. Psychological fatigue is a kind of subjective fatigue.

3. Learning anxiety and test anxiety

Compared with other grades, freshmen have the highest and most serious learning anxiety. Students who are anxious about learning are often prone to inattention, poor memory, slow thinking, insomnia, irritability and so on. It is difficult to study normally.

Test anxiety is the concrete embodiment of students' learning anxiety in the process of examination. It is characterized by nervousness, upset, moodiness and gastrointestinal discomfort before and after the exam. There may also be unexplained diarrhea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, headache, memory loss, mental retardation and so on. Symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, nausea, memory loss and confusion occurred during the exam. In severe cases, you may even tremble all over. You will faint on the spot, which is called "halo field". Because of anxiety, it often affects the test status, but the test results are not good; And poor grades make them worry about failure, and the pursuit of good grades increases, which makes them more anxious and falls into a vicious circle in the next exam. In a survey of freshmen majoring in management in a school, 26.97% of the students have encountered or are in exam anxiety. The main reasons for this situation are as follows: first, students' knowledge and experience are insufficient, and their memories are difficult to retrieve, so it is difficult to cope with the exam, which is not conducive to getting good grades and they will feel extremely anxious; Secondly, the degree of individual's understanding of the nature of the exam, his prediction of interest in the exam and his estimation of his own coping ability directly affect his anxiety level; Thirdly, due to the lack of test-taking skills, it is easy to panic in the examination room, unable to allocate time effectively and unable to grasp the key points, thus increasing test anxiety. The inducement of freshmen's learning psychological problems

There are many reasons why freshmen have psychological problems in their studies.

1. Changes in the objective environment

Entering the university is the first time for most students to leave their family environment completely and enter a strange environment, which will inevitably lead to various unsuitable performances. Handle personal life and study independently; Integrate into the collective life and get along with people with different backgrounds and personalities. These factors will undoubtedly have a psychological impact on learning.

2. Psychological gap

Before entering the university, many students imagined that the university was picturesque, with spacious and bright classrooms, singing and laughing everywhere and full of poetry and painting. However, after a short period of excitement, I found that the real university is not as perfect as I thought. Some students feel that the university they entered is far from their dream university; Some students are unwilling to go to college because they failed in the college entrance examination or were influenced by teachers and parents when filling in their volunteers; Some students don't know much about their majors, or they don't choose them at all, so they are not interested and can't learn. The gap between these ideals and reality often makes some students feel lost, worried, depressed, hopeless, confused and disappointed, thus forming a sense of loss.

3. The change of life role

Enter the university, whether it is society, school or family. Students are no longer regarded as children, but adults. To a large extent, students' entry into universities has actually become the dividing line of actual adulthood. At this time, college students are required to shoulder more responsibilities in their study and life and truly be independent. Deal with all kinds of problems by yourself and be responsible for your actions. In learning, it is reflected in the transformation from supervised learning by teachers and parents to autonomous learning, and taking responsibility for their own learning.

4. Self-evaluation obstacles lead to inferiority.

Universities are places where talents gather. Most of the students who can be admitted to universities are top middle school students, praised by teachers, encouraged by parents, envied by classmates and feel good about themselves. However, in college, I used to be the leader of the river boat race. Now, if I don't work hard in the big river of university, I will be in danger of falling behind and sinking. In the face of new environment and new challenges, the original advantages and balance have been broken, and many people have changed from being unique to being mediocre. Most of them are full of confidence and hope and start new struggles. However, some students have been weakened or even lost because of their original advantages, and their self-esteem has been seriously bruised, which leads to obstacles in self-evaluation and changes from strong self-esteem to inferiority.

5. Differences in learning methods

Compared with middle schools, the contents and methods of learning in universities are significantly different. Middle school is a basic education. Students are highly dependent on teachers, and the management of teachers is very direct and strict. Colleges and universities are professional education, and students' learning autonomy, selectivity and exploration are outstanding. Self-study ability and innovation ability have become important psychological qualities that affect the learning effect of college students. How to arrange courses and time reasonably, develop interests, tap potential and create scientifically is a problem that every freshman needs to face seriously. Due to the particularity of university study, the progress in the classroom is much faster than that in senior high school, and many students have shown inadaptability.

How to overcome learning psychological problems

1. Re-establish new life coordinates. The goal is the expected result pursued by people's activities, and it is also the source and motivation to stimulate enthusiasm. The reason why people feel empty, bored and relaxed after studying is mainly related to the loss of goals and the ideal interval. We should re-examine our future life path, raise our ideal sails and set reasonable and scientific goals.

2. Face up to the reality and accept it bravely. No matter what kind of mentality and feelings you enter the school with, no matter how big the gap between the reality and the ideal of the school is, you must first admit and accept this reality, face up to setbacks, be brave in accepting the reality of yourself, stand on your own feet and meet the challenge of fate. Any depression, inferiority and regret are harmful. Face up to the advantages and gaps in learning, make up the gaps with practical actions, improve grades and boost confidence.

3. Adapt to the characteristics of university study as soon as possible. Improve your self-control ability and self-study ability. Plan your study and strictly implement it. In terms of methods, you can ask teachers or senior students to sum up your own learning methods in your study.

4. Improve life skills and self-care ability. Mastering the necessary life skills is not only the need to adapt to the environment, but also the necessary condition for personal growth. After entering the university, you should learn to take care of yourself, deal with the problems in your life independently and live a good life. We can start with small things, practice repeatedly, and grow while doing.

5. Develop interpersonal skills. Facing students from all over the country with different personalities, interests and habits, it is necessary to establish good interpersonal relationships. Learn to communicate with different people, actively communicate with others, and achieve mutual understanding, respect and acceptance. Creating a relaxed, harmonious and pleasant cooperative atmosphere is very necessary for us to maintain a good attitude and mood, obtain social and psychological support, and successfully pass the psychological adaptation period.

It's not terrible to have certain psychological problems in study, but I'm afraid I can't face them squarely. As long as you have the courage to face it and make positive adjustments. With the help of teachers and classmates, we will be able to overcome these problems, put our study on the right track and lay a solid foundation for the new stage of life.

refer to

1. Author: Jiang Asia has an appointment with the soul-paying attention to the psychological quality of college students

2. Author: Chen Ping on the counseling and counseling of freshmen's learning anxiety. Author: Chen Ping

3. Author: Li Hejiu College Freshmen's Psychological Problems Analysis and Educational Countermeasures Ideological and Theoretical Education Guide, No.3, 2004, 63 pages (No.63 in total)

4. Author: Yuan Yixin South China Normal University freshmen adaptation survey (Southern Psychology Online)