How much do you know about history? Do you know how to write a history paper? The following is a small paper on history that I sorted out and shared. Welcome to read the reference!

Starting with the scores of historical compositions in recent years, this paper lists some problems existing in students' writing historical compositions, and explains their characteristics and future solutions in detail.

Keywords: historical prose; Logical thinking; proposition

Historical essay questions appeared in recent years, which is a new type of questions, and gradually evolved from the essay questions in Shanghai college entrance examination questions. This type of question focuses on examining students' comprehensive ability, and requires students to combine the knowledge in textbooks with corresponding materials and describe their views in historical language (historical view). There is no fixed standard answer to this kind of question, and there is no obvious routine. This is a public examination. The following table is the actual demonstration of 20 10 and 20 1 1 essay segmentation:

Segmentation and percentage of small paper topics of 20 10 and 20 1 1

As can be seen from the table, students scored less in the high score, and the average score did not exceed half. One reason is that students do not follow the meaning of the question when refining their opinions, which leads to digression and loss of points; Another reason is that there are few such questions at ordinary times, and it is difficult to answer them according to the meaning of the questions.

In the front line of teaching, the author has more contact with students. Judging from the usual test questions and college entrance examination questions over the years, students often make mistakes, mainly due to the defects of knowledge and ability, the lack of answering skills and expression level, and the bad habit of examining and answering questions, which belongs to the multiple-answer syndrome. To sum up, there are the following problems:

First, the examination questions are careless. Careful examination of questions and clear requirements of questions are the keys to accurate and complete answers.

Second, knowledge application is not enough. To make clear the requirements of the topic and answer the questions correctly, the first condition is to master historical knowledge in an all-round way, because students have comprehensive, systematic and solid historical knowledge before they can answer the rich knowledge stored in their minds.

Third, improper expression. Accurate language and clear organization are the basic requirements for written expression of historical questions and answers. However, in the process of answering questions, students sometimes have confused thinking, no clear points, no outline, no purpose, and unclear paragraphs, which leads to low scores.

Fourth, history is out of touch with theory and its logic is not strict. This is mainly manifested in the fact that some students are not good at using historical facts as arguments to support the arguments or conclusions of the topic, regardless of history or not. Then, when demonstrating or analyzing problems, we don't pay attention to the internal relationship between contents, and the knowledge framework that should be complete becomes fragmented and incomplete.

Below, the author makes a summary of the propositional form and scoring requirements of the college entrance examination history composition questions in recent years:

1. Proposition methods: 1 Generally, there are three types. The object and content of direct comments. The objects of comments are people, events, systems, works and phenomena. The content of comments is nothing more than reason, nature, system, status, influence and function. 2. Provide some materials for proposition analysis. 3. Put forward one or more viewpoints and demonstrate or refute them.

Second, there are roughly four rules for grading requirements: 1. The word limit is generally within 400 ~ 500 words. 2. Grading according to different levels. The evaluation criteria are: the basic viewpoints are correct and comprehensive, the basic historical facts are accurate, and the proposed viewpoints can be explained. 3. Combining history with theory, the reasoning logic is strict. 4. The written expression is concise, fluent and clear.

For guiding college entrance examination students to solve small composition problems in the future, the author has the following methods for colleagues' reference in teaching:

First of all, guide students to examine questions and find a reasonable answer angle. Examining questions is to judge the proposition direction of this question and understand the requirements of the test questions. Success is also a test, and failure is also a test. The key to success or failure lies in the examination of questions.

Secondly, guide students to demonstrate their views by combining history with theory. Empty talk can't get results, and no matter how gorgeous literary talent is, it lacks reliable argumentation and can't be recognized. The characteristic of historical essays is to demonstrate with historical facts, and arguments and arguments are the basic ideas of essays.

Third, teach students to refine their arguments. Asking questions with materials and answering them in the form of small papers is the model that has been used in the new curriculum standard of college entrance examination. The most important thing to examine this kind of questions is to see the material's point of view in combination with the questions.

Fourth, lay a solid foundation and pay attention to the combination of new teaching materials and teaching materials. Historical composition mainly examines students' theoretical application and analytical and argumentation ability. Although it is higher than the textbook, it still comes from the textbook, and it is generally designed for the key knowledge in the textbook. Therefore, on the basis of mastering the key knowledge of the textbook, it is very helpful for students to analyze the textbook from all angles and sublimate their understanding.

Answer these questions well.

The first type: essay topic \ (historical facts+comments) \ historical essay topic ── (opinion judgment+argument+historical facts+theoretical analysis)/the third type: material comment topic/(judgment+historical facts+theoretical analysis).

Finally, in view of the problems existing in the way students answer questions at present, the author thinks that students should pay attention to the way of argumentation in the process of doing the questions, mainly including the difference between argumentation and refutation:

1. Argumentative writing is to demonstrate the correctness of an argument from the front, or to speak about the understanding and understanding of a correct viewpoint. To establish a thesis, it is generally required to base on or determine the correct viewpoint and conclusion, apply the correct theory, select relevant historical facts, demonstrate the correctness of an argument from the front, or talk about the understanding and understanding of a correct viewpoint. The methods of argumentation include inductive argumentation, comparative argumentation, hierarchical argumentation and causal argumentation. , and adopt one or more of them as needed. The answer format is: point out that the point of view is correct. According to the specific requirements and limited scope of the topic, comment or demonstrate around the viewpoint or conclusion.

2. Refutation means refuting wrong views or arguments, denying each other's mistakes, distinguishing right from wrong, and forming a correct understanding. The steps are: first, seriously think about the other party's views and the reasons and basis for support, and find out the essence of your own mistakes. Then launch a rebuttal. First, refute each other's arguments to reveal the nature of their mistakes; Second, we should refute the other party's argument to prove its falsehood or lack of evidence; Third, we should refute each other's arguments in order to expose the contradictions or logical errors between the arguments used in each other's arguments. Only in this way can we refute wrong views and clarify correct thoughts and conclusions.

When instructing students to do small papers, teachers should not instill difficult ideas into students, but give them more confidence. Starting from the characteristics and methods given above, candidates can operate according to the formula of historical answers. Think about the argument and score; Discover historical facts and get historical facts; Make a conclusion and get the overall impression; Arrange the version and pay attention to the logical connection. "If used properly, you can get high marks. Although there is still a long way to go, I believe my colleagues in this discipline will reap their hard work.

References:

[1] Examination Center of the Ministry of Education. Description of the unified examination syllabus for liberal arts in national colleges and universities (curriculum standard experiment) [m]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 20 10.

[2] Comprehensive examination questions of college entrance examination in recent years

[3]' college entrance examination history essay proposition ideas and review suggestions'-China Education Digest.

;