Qian Liu is considered as the ancestor of money. Qian Liu was born in the late Tang Dynasty, and won the trust of the central authorities by relying on the meritorious military service in the separatist era. He supported Zhejiang provinces, but he was not arrogant and impetuous. Instead, he warned future generations? Never call yourself emperor? . In 902, Qian Liu was crowned king by the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty. Five years later, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, changed the title of Liang, and named Qian Liu Yue. At this time, his men will have suggested that Qian Liu refused titles and sent troops to crusade against Zhu Wen. Qian Liu refused to send troops, and made an oath in front of the Ministry to ensure that generations would submit to the Central Plains and not split, so that the people would not suffer from war. Throughout the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Qian Liu and its successors did not participate in various wars aimed at territorial expansion, but adopted? Protect the environment and people, and develop agriculture and commerce? Regarding the basic national policy, paying attention to local governance and economic development has created miracles in the most turbulent historical stage of China. Civil strife in the central plains, the people in dire straits. However, Wu Yueguo ushered in the best period of peaceful development, and the people in the south of the Yangtze River lived and worked in peace and contentment, never affected by the war. At that time, Wu Yueguo owned two-thirds of the world's wealth. Taking this as a starting point, the Yangtze River Delta region has risen to be the richest region in China for thousands of years, which has influenced it to this day.
In 932 AD, before he died, Qian Liu warned his son Qian that the descendants of the Qian family should take good care of wuyue and faithfully serve the Central Plains dynasty, even if it was a regime change, it was not rude. Not only that, Qian Liu once said: the people are the foundation of the country. The people are the most important, and the country comes second. Love the people if you don't move. ? He has repeatedly taught future generations to do what they can and understand the times. In case of Allah, you should join him quickly? . In this way, Wu Yueguo experienced three generations and five kings. By the time Qian Liu's grandson Qian Hongchu was in power, the trend of Song Dynasty dominating the whole country was already obvious. Qian Hongchu sized up the situation, obeyed the orders of his ancestors, cared about the world, and decided to surrender to the Song Dynasty.
Jiangnan flourished for thousands of years, which was laid by three generations of Qian Liu.
In 978 AD, Qian Hongchu entered Beijing with his hands tied, and dedicated all the land and people under his jurisdiction to Dasong. In the Song Dynasty, Wu Yueguo was brought into the territory and unified.
In this regard, Su Shi once spoke highly of Qian's achievements in governing Wu Yueguo, saying? As for its people, they are old and dead, don't know how to fight, and they swim around at four o'clock and hear songs and drums. It has not been abolished so far, and its virtue is very thick for the people. .
The initiative to return the land to the Song Dynasty also won considerable support for the Qian family in the Song Dynasty? Political treatment? . Money ranks second among hundreds of surnames, which is the concrete embodiment of this treatment.
What is even more rare is that the wheel of history is rolling forward, and how many royal nobles in China have been smashed into mud and crushed into dust. However, Qian's family, whose ancestor is Qian Liu, has been enduring for thousands of years, especially since modern times, and a large number of super-class talents have emerged at once, becoming one of the most dazzling families in China. What is the reason?
Hangzhou, Qianwang archway. Historian Xiong Yuezhi has a point. He said: The traditional regime change in China often used revolutionary means to directly overthrow the original dynasty in a subversive and discontinuous way. Therefore, people in the royal family often become the targets of eradication, and the resources accumulated by their families are generally interrupted and unsustainable. For example, after the Qing Dynasty overthrew the Ming Dynasty, the Zhu family represented by Zhu Yuanzhang could not become a prominent branch of society. This is why there are few large families in China tradition. This is what the old saying goes. 800 landowners in a thousand years? ,? Gentleman's ze, cut in five? .
Because of this objective political reason, many families in the history of China were interrupted. The Qian family is a rare exception. One of the reasons is that the land was returned to the Song Dynasty in exchange for peace. In return, the Zhao and Song regimes took measures to protect the continuation of the Qian family.
This allowed the Qian family to survive at the most dangerous juncture. Another reason is that when Qian Liu was King Yue of Wu, he sent his 33 sons to rule the whole of wuyue. Their descendants became the most powerful family in the local area, and then dispersed to various places and developed into a great clan force.
The Qian family is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. After the Tang Dynasty, this area was the most economically developed and culturally prosperous place in China. After modern times, it was also one of the earliest places where China contacted and absorbed western culture. Undoubtedly, this location environment is just like the sea is to the big fish for the prosperity of Qianjia.
Jiangnan, a treasure land, is mutually fulfilled with the Qian family. According to statistics, throughout the Song Dynasty, there were more than 320 people in the Qian family who won the senior high school entrance examination.
Although these Qian elites have never played a vigorous role in politics, they have made great achievements in academic, cultural, medical and other fields, and a number of famous artists such as Qian Zao and Qian appeared. Since the Song Dynasty, the Qian family has successfully transformed from a political family to a cultural family with the help of the accumulation of the first local family in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
After the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, people paid homage to the Qian family, not because of its original meaning of returning farmland to the Song Dynasty, but because the family was full of talents and rose to a prominent cultural family.
Poets in the Song Dynasty praised the Qian family, saying that the richness of cultural relics has lasted for 300 years and has never been seen before. ? The descendants of Qian are not proud of their status as dignitaries, but pay more attention to the inheritance of literary talent and romance in the family. This cultural core, like blood, is inherited, accumulated and spread, and is favored by future generations.
After modern times, the Qian family ushered in the era of talent explosion. This family, which has lasted for thousands of years, has entered an unprecedented talent harvest period. Especially in the fields of science and technology, literature and history, there are many talents in the Qian family, and almost no family in the country can match them. With what? Technical San Qian? For the representative:? The father of China's space flight and China's missiles? Qian Xuesen, from Hangzhou Qianjia? Father of modern mechanics in China? Qian Weichang, Wuxi people money? The father of China's atomic bomb? Qian Sanqiang was a native of Huzhou.
Qian Yongjian, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, is Qian Xuesen's cousin. Because there are a group of engineers at home, Qian Yongjian claims to be? Molecular engineer? . Regarding his occupation, he said: I am destined to inherit the family lineage. It seems that I was born to do this kind of work and take this road. ? In addition, the Qian family has come out of many academicians of the two academies and is considered to be the family with the most academicians. In the field of literature and history, Qian, Qian Mu, Qian Zhongshu, Qian Zhongshu and other Qian families appeared in modern times.
Qian Zhongshu, a generalist in literature and history, is known as? A living encyclopedia? .
There is a popular saying that highly summarizes the talent blowout of the Qian family in Jiangnan since modern times: 1 Nobel Prize winner, 2 diplomats, 3 scientists, 4 masters of Chinese studies, 5 vice-chairmen of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,18th Academy of Sciences. It is said that there are more than 65,438+000 money celebrities at home and abroad who are academicians of the Academy of Sciences, and they are distributed in more than 50 countries and regions. In this regard, Qian Zhiren, a descendant of Wuxi Qian family, once said that this data could not be verified, but he said that Wuxi Qian family did produce 10 academicians: Taiwan Province Province? Academia Sinica? Academician Qian Mu, academician of China Academy of Sciences Qian Weichang (nephew of Qian Mu), Qian (cousin of Qian Zhongshu), Qian, Qian Lingxi, Qian Yitai and Jiangyin Qian, academician of China Academy of Engineering (the eldest daughter of Qian Mu) and Qian, academician of China Academy of Sciences (equivalent to an academician) Qian Junrui. What is even more surprising is that the money family has paid a lot? Father and son are elites, such as Qian Zhongshu, Qian and Qian Sanqiang, Qian Mu, and (female), Qian Junfu and Qian Xuesen, and Qian and so on. The natural inheritance within a small family and the high density of talents prove to some extent that the Qian family is enduring, and there must be deeper reasons besides the factors of the times and regions.
Hangzhou, Qianwang Memorial Hall.
The answer is actually written by Qian's ancestors and spiritual idols.
During Qian Liu's reign, he taught Bajie to future generations, and later he further expanded it into a legacy, which was used as a criterion for Qian's descendants to live, and they were strictly required to abide by it and not to violate it. Children and grandchildren are unfilial, unfilial and unjust, which is bad for our family style and must be drummed. ?
For thousands of years, Qian's family instructions have become the criterion for Qian's descendants to act. The cultural code of the Qian family for thousands of years is hidden in a family instruction of Qian.
Family precepts shape family style, and good family style is the main reason for the prosperity of the Qian family.
Today, we are also talking about family style. We understand the importance of good family style to children's success, but many people may ignore the relationship between words and deeds: promote a talkative spokesperson within the family, read how noble our family is about the manuscript, and try to use some nice words and big words to raise some hopes. This is our family style. Is that so?
Absolutely not. Qian Jiaxun is gradually refined and perfected according to the actions of the ancestors of this family, and then serves as the guidance of the whole family code of conduct, which in turn affects and reshapes the family history.
In other words, Qian Jiaxun is a fact that people have made, not a hope.
Family training, when implemented, is called family style. Write it on paper. If you don't talk, you can only scream? Family seal? It's just sealed and dusty.
Qian Jiaxun only has more than 600 words, which are divided into four sections: individual, family, society and country.
Let's look at how Qian Jiaxun shaped the family history of this first-class family.
If you don't want to benefit all, those who benefit in the world will seek it. ?
This sentence comes from Qian Jiaxun's national chapter. Obviously, it is to teach family members to be useful to the country and society, not to win over for personal interests.
At first, Qian Liu did not participate in the struggle for power and profit in troubled times, nor did he participate in the expansion of territorial disputes. As a leader, he suppressed his and his successors' desire to become emperors. In fact, he only seeks the benefit of the whole world, not the benefit of the whole body. This is a concrete practice. I came to Qian Hongchu to voluntarily return the land to the Song Dynasty for the same reason: it goes without saying that the fame of a person and a family is more important than the safety of people all over the world.
It is not without reason that Jiangnan people have felt the kindness of Qian Wang so far.
After modern times, it can still be seen that people in the Qian family have well implemented this family motto. ? Technical San Qian? Patriotism, the choice at the critical moment, is the best footnote.
Qian Sanqiang and his wife, He Yu 1946, got married in France and studied nuclear fission together. Their published papers caused a great sensation in the international scientific community. Many media called them at that time? The Curies in China? .
But when it was decided that Mr. and Mrs. Qian Sanqiang would stay in Europe to do research and win the Nobel Prize, they decided to go back to China.
Qian Sanqiang later explained their motives for returning to China, which was touching. He said: Back in China, which is poor and backward and war-torn, I'm afraid it's hard to make a difference in scientific experiments. However, we know more clearly that although science has no national boundaries, scientists have their motherland. It is precisely because the motherland is poor and backward that scientists need to work hard to change her face. We left our hometown and traveled across the ocean to study in Europe, just to learn today's science and technology and return to China to serve our motherland.
How can we change our original intention? We should return to the motherland and work together with other scientists to make the new science of nuclear take root, blossom and bear fruit in the land of the motherland.
1June, 948, Mr. and Mrs. Qian Sanqiang returned to the motherland with their infant children after a long absence of 1 1 year.
The same choice was repeated in Qian Xuesen a few years later. When he decided to return to China, he was under house arrest and threatened by the United States. He always showed his intention and went back to the poor and white motherland without hesitation after difficulties and obstacles.
Qian Xuesen's son Qian Yonggang once said that his father would never tell him? Do you want to be patriotic and serve the society when you grow up? In this way, I tell myself to love this country, serve the society and serve the people with practical actions. He not only devoted his energy to the scientific research of the motherland, but also basically donated large bonuses to support the scientific research and education of the country. It is said that all descendants of Qian know how to treat awards and fame and fortune.
Qian Xuesen (left), Americans say he is worth five divisions.
Although children and grandchildren are stupid, they must read poetry books. ? This family motto shows that the Qian family's tradition of attaching importance to education is an important guarantee for Qian's talents in past dynasties.
When asked? Why can the Qian family produce so many celebrities? At that time, Qian Weichang half-jokingly replied:? Our wealthy family likes reading. If you read more books, you will become an official, and the official will become famous. ?
In fact, it is true to love reading, but it is false to be an official. Qian's most talented field is literature and history, a master of science and technology, not a big official. This is due to the family background of Qian family, which makes family education play an irreplaceable role in everyone's success.
Qian Jibo, a master of Chinese studies, once said that he studied with his eldest brother Qian Jicheng when he was five years old. By the age of nine, he had learned the Four Books, Shangshu, Shi Mao, Zhou Li, The Book of Rites, The Biography of Zuoshi in the Spring and Autumn Period and An Introduction to China Ancient Literature, and he could recite them. From the age of 10, I studied strategy with my uncle and became familiar with historical records and selected works of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. From the age of 13, I read Zitongzhijian by Sima Guang and Xutongjian by Bi Yuan, and circled it seven times.
How many people can achieve such solid tutoring and basic skills now?
Qian Jibo's son, Qian Zhongshu, had basically the same educational path in his childhood. So that the Qian family elders once opposed sending their children to school, saying that their family education level has far exceeded the level of regular schools. Qian's children study hard.
Jiang Yang mentioned in "The Three of us" that at one time, their lives were very poor and there were no books to read at home. Qian Zhongshu didn't know where to find a Xinhua dictionary and read it. Jiang Yang thought it was just a casual flip. I didn't expect Qian Zhongshu to read it for more than half a year
In "Six Chapters of ultra-leftwing cadres", Jiang Yang also mentioned a detail. When the old couple came to a shack, Jiang Yang asked Qian Zhongshu, can we live in such a shack? Qian Zhongshu thought about it and said there were no books.
Qian Weichang's father died early, and many villagers advised Qian Weichang's mother to let her son do manual labor early to earn money to support the family. But she said firmly: No matter how hard and tired I am, I will let my children study, because of our family style and the requirements of the old adage. I must leave some seeds for our family to study. ?
Zeng Guofan said when talking about the hope for the family's future. I don't want wealth to be passed down from generation to generation, but I hope that scholars will pass it down from generation to generation. Scholar is the seed of reading, the symbol of noble family and the banner of etiquette. ? The success of the Qian family is because this generation has the seeds of reading!
Qian Weichang's memoir "Eighty Books" in his later years.
In fact, the poor children of the Qian family never have to worry about wanting to study or not. Because since the Song Dynasty, the Qian family has formed an atmosphere of mutual support and help within the family.
This is also related to Qian Jiaxun's warning, which clearly requires: family wealth to support the clan, and hunger to help relatives and friends at the age of 20. ?
In order to let the poor children in the family have books to read, the Qian family set up fields of righteousness, righteousness and sacrifice everywhere, and expressly stipulated that part of the fields or profits must be used as education funds. Is this early? Education fund? Mode, to ensure that children of money, rich or poor, have the opportunity to receive education.
From Wuxi Qifang Bridge? Huaihai Yizhuang? A model, Qian Mu and his nephew Qian Weichang were able to go to school with the support of Yizhuang.
By the time he entered junior high school in Qian Weichang, Qian Mu had already served as a primary and secondary school teacher. He inherited the ancestral training and took over the responsibility of raising and educating Qian Weichang, covering the expenses of studying in junior high schools, senior high schools and universities in Qian Weichang, as well as the responsibility of life teaching.
In this regard, Qian Weichang said in "Eighty Reading" in his later years. A happy family and the role models of the elders inspire young people like me to know how to lead an honest and clean life, be diligent and enterprising, be open-minded, actively seek knowledge, be poor and upright? .
Hangzhou, statue of Qian Wang.
Therefore, we should not only see the fierceness of this family, but also see that there are reasons behind the fierceness, supported by traditional family style and system design.
As the old saying goes: moral heirloom, more than ten generations; Farming and reading are family heirlooms, and secondly; Poems and books are handed down from family to family, and later for others; Wealth passed from one family to another, but only for three generations.
As a royal family that once dominated the whole country, the Qian family did not leave a deep mansion or a rich family, but left a spiritual strength of self-improvement and a moral code of self-cultivation and self-esteem.
Who would have thought it was these? The stupidest person in the world? Tradition has pushed a family with a population of only two thousandths in China to the peak of history, leaving many wealthy families behind.