First, seriously study the revolutionary changes in the development of high-tech weapons and equipment in the future.
The former Soviet Union has powerful nuclear force, conventional force, advanced military technology and national defense scientific research foundation, and has a thorough understanding of the important role of military technology in the development of weapons and equipment and its influence on future wars. As early as 1970s, Marshal Ogarkov of the former Soviet Union predicted that various new technologies that were about to emerge would trigger a military revolution. In the early 1980s, he pointed out that high technology can greatly enhance combat capability, and the political and military utility of nuclear weapons is declining. By the mid-1980s, he once again proposed that the military technological revolution based on the technological achievements in the fields of detectors and computers could make conventional weapons and nuclear weapons equivalent in effect. As the main inheritor of science and technology and weapons and equipment in the former Soviet Union, Russia is very concerned about the emergence of high-tech groups with information technology as the core, and seriously studies the revolutionary changes brought by high technology to the development of weapons and equipment.
The lethality of conventional weapons has been further improved. The integration of damage means in the form of reconnaissance-assault and reconnaissance-shooting complex and automatic reconnaissance weapon control system, coupled with the use of cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles, makes it possible to carry out surgical precision strikes. The high technology of conventional weapons enables it to selectively and accurately destroy any important facilities at any distance in a very short time. Electronic warfare weapons have high penetration efficiency, and have jumped from the past support means to the current active damage weapons.
Space weapons are about to enter the stage of military struggle. Space resources can provide detailed enemy information and measures taken by the enemy, which has the advantage of using space resources. First, the reconnaissance efficiency has been improved in an all-round way, and the ability of strategic weapons has been brought into full play. In the future air and space war, we can use precision guided weapons and weapons with new physical principles to violently assault any target from space. They believe that space warfare will become the main style of future wars, and countries that are unable to fight against space weapons are doomed to failure. Russia must give full play to its advantages in developing space weapons.
Non-traditional weapons will come out one after another. Russian military experts believe that the damage efficiency of weapons and equipment mainly comes from physical energy, chemical energy and biological energy. The energy form of damage efficiency of traditional weapons and equipment is mainly the action of kinetic energy and thermal energy of physical energy, rather than the military application of another physical energy expression form that traditional weapons are developing, namely acoustic energy, electromagnetic energy and radiation energy. At present, such weapon systems are being developed: laser weapon, radio frequency weapon, incoherent light source, particle beam and infrasound weapon. Another non-traditional weapon is electronic and electromagnetic weapons used to destroy communication systems, power systems and computer networks, as well as all-round obstacles (including all kinds of foam substances, unbearable chlorine smell and sound, etc.). ).
The development of weapons and equipment tends to informationization. Admiral Pironov, the current scientific adviser to the Russian National Security Council, believes that modern armed struggle involves the struggle to seize information superiority, which is an indispensable factor to ensure victory over the enemy. Through in-depth research on military revolution, information technology, information weapons and information warfare, Russian military scientific circles put forward the views that "the advantage of military revolution comes from information weapons", "the advantage of information weapons is the decisive factor to defeat the enemy" and "the most reasonable way to improve combat capability is to improve the information support capability of weapons and military equipment", stressing that to gain advantages in future military struggles, information weapons and equipment must be vigorously developed.
Second, determine new ideas for the development of Russian weapons and equipment.
In order to remain invincible in the new round of military technology competition and fully safeguard Russia's security strategic environment, Russia attaches great importance to the development of national defense technology and weapons and equipment. They believe that high-tech groups with information technology as the core are rapidly changing all aspects of the military field. Weapons and equipment are developing in the direction of informationization, remoteness, precision and integration, and the damage efficiency is greatly improved. The trend of confrontation between weapon systems is more obvious. In order to meet the needs of future military struggle, the development of Russian weapons and equipment must take the road of systematization and integration.
Forecast the development trend of weapons and equipment at the beginning of 2 1 century. The Russian army believes that with the development of high-tech groups such as information technology, at least 10 military technological breakthroughs will have a significant impact on military struggle by the beginning of 2 1 century: first, improve the guidance system accuracy of intercontinental ballistic missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles and cruise missiles; The second is to build a new generation of precision guided mobile warheads, whose effectiveness is not affected by atmospheric and weather factors; Thirdly, stealth technology has been developed, which is not only applied to aircraft, but also to missiles, especially cruise missiles. Fourth, adopt new radars (over-the-horizon radar, phase automatic frequency modulation radar, visible light and infrared band radar); The fifth is to develop "electromagnetic pulse" weapons; Sixth, a comprehensive system for monitoring, acquiring and processing global situation information has been developed; Seventh, new information technology has been adopted in military command and communication; Eighth, military robots and intelligent weapons have been developed (using intelligent informatics); Nine is the development of directed energy weapons; Ten is to develop the universe for military purposes.
Determine the technical fields that Russia should focus on. The world military is facing a new stage of development after nuclear weapons. The damage efficiency of modern weapon system depends more and more on information parameters: accuracy, controllability and rapidity. Informatization has become the top priority of military technology policy in developed countries. In military operations, the proportion and significance of information technology confrontation are increasing. Information weapons with the main goal of destroying computer systems have made remarkable progress. Through comparative study, they think that Russian armed forces have fallen behind western countries in key technical fields such as advanced conventional ammunition, electronic warfare system, information system (C3I system), computer technology, stealth technology and certain laser technology. Through the study of the Gulf War, the Russian army believes that key technologies of defense is the basis for the future development of weapons and equipment, and it must be developed in advance. It is necessary to focus on strengthening basic research, applied research, testing and design that have a significant impact on potential military threats and military technological breakthroughs. The key technical fields that the Russian army has decided to focus on are: microelectronics and computer equipment technology, radar technology, electronic warfare countermeasure technology, aviation and navigation power technology, new ammunition, fuel and nuclear energy technology, near real-time navigation technology and artificial intelligence technology.
Explore new ideas for the development of weapons and equipment. General Ma Galiev, president of Russian Academy of Military Sciences 1997, pointed out in the article "Russian Military Theory" at the beginning of 1997: In the arms development and national defense research, don't fall into the arms race track of other countries, try to choose ways that are in line with their own economic capabilities and strategic goals, and try to give priority to the development of military technology; Attention should be paid to the research of equipment system, not a certain weapon. He believes that we can't disperse our strength and funds to pursue the development of various weapons and equipment that other countries already have or may have; If necessary, we should dare to take risks, surpass several generations of weapons and concentrate on science and technology and productivity to develop decisive weapons, which can weaken or disrupt other countries' long-term plans to seek military and scientific and technological advantages. At present, even the most perfect weapons and well-equipped sea, land and air groups can only give play to their advantages if they are highly developed in organization, foresight, confidentiality and accuracy. In the future war, the most important operational focus is not to destroy a weapon, but to destroy the unified information system, intellectual resources, navigation channels and the entire command and control system. Therefore, the Russian military will focus on the development of weapon systems defined in the Basic Principles of Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, namely, military command system, weapon control system, communication system, reconnaissance system, strategic early warning system, radio electronic warfare system, high-precision weapon system, mobile non-nuclear weapon system and its information guarantee system.
Third, accelerate the transformation of technological achievements into new weapons and equipment.
In order to ensure that the overall combat capability of the Russian army will not be weakened by the drastic reduction of posts, Russia has timely adjusted the basic policy of weapons and equipment development, accelerated the pace of transforming high-tech scientific research achievements into weapons and equipment, and focused on developing information weapons.
Determine the basic principles for the development of weapons and equipment. The Russian military proposes that the development of weapons and equipment should be guided by high technology, actively research and develop new high-precision weapons and equipment, and consolidate the scientific and technological advantages of key technologies in the military field. On the premise of ensuring that the existing weapons and equipment are not lower than the world level, efforts should be made to reduce the procurement of complex types of weapons and equipment, focusing on improving the existing weapons and equipment, and not mass-producing brand-new weapon systems, but maintaining the ability to mass-produce necessary equipment during development. In terms of strategic weapons, according to the overall concept of safeguarding national security, Russia will still rely mainly on the scale of strategic nuclear attack force and the number of strategic missiles and nuclear warheads to improve its mobile launch capability and hit accuracy and enhance its survivability. In the development of conventional weapons, the Army mainly retains the advanced weapons and equipment that served in the 1980s, and constantly improves some subsystems to make ground suppression weapons armored and intelligent to meet the needs of modern high-tech conventional warfare. The air force will gradually phase out the old second and third generation aircraft, reduce the equipment types, and retain the fourth generation aircraft with international advanced level to improve the overall combat capability of the air force; The air defense forces will improve the tracking and guidance system of active air defense missiles, improve the performance of combating multi-targets and electronic warfare, and comprehensively improve the air defense combat capability. The navy will develop global and regional command systems, improve the automatic command systems of single ships and formations, pay attention to the development of integrated weapon systems, equip them with weapon systems that can resist all-round missile attacks, and improve their stealth, maneuverability and ocean-going combat capabilities.
Accelerate the transformation of scientific research achievements into new weapons and equipment. According to the new weapons and equipment development policy, the Russian army emphasizes the need to take high technology as the guide and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into military capabilities. 1994 1 the Russian government security conference officially approved the 10 long-term plan for the development of Russian weapons and equipment formulated by the Ministry of national defense. The plan calls for giving priority to the development of air force equipment, precision guided weapon systems and means of transport for mobile units on the basis of new national defense scientific research achievements; Further improve the reliability of strategic weapons; Improve the command and communication equipment and global positioning system of troops below division level. At present, Russia is stepping up the development of new strategic missiles such as SS-X-27, SS-X-27 and "Fat Man"; The Army began to equip a small number of T-90E tanks developed in the 1990s. This tank uses computer fire control system and the second generation explosive reaction armor, which can attack helicopters. The Air Force focuses on developing and equipping a new generation of combat aircraft with stealth or anti-stealth functions, such as MiG -33, 35, Su -30, 35 and 37. The air defense forces focus on the development of air defense weapons that intercept strategic ballistic missiles and stealth aircraft all-weather, all-round and all-altitude; The navy is stepping up the development of surface ships and a new generation of strategic nuclear submarines that can take off and land vertically. 1at the beginning of 997, the Russian army formulated the national weapons and equipment development plan before 2005. This plan takes the development of weapon system as a breakthrough, focuses on future reconnaissance, command, communication and electronic countermeasures, and emphasizes that national defense enterprises should maintain the production capacity of modern weapons and equipment, so as to put equipment troops into production as soon as the financial situation improves.