Therefore, strictly speaking, the two ideological systems of economic theory should be proletarian economics and bourgeois economics, or labor economics and capital economics. In view of China's current socialist modernization, Hong advocates integrating the rational components of various economic theories at all times and in all countries under the premise of taking Marxist economic theory as the guiding ideology. For Marxist economic theory, we must adhere to it, clarify it and develop it. China's ancient economic theory should be excavated, inherited and sublated. For western economic theory, we should understand it, criticize it and absorb it. The differences between Marxist economics and western economic theory: First, the specific research objects are different. And both study capitalist private ownership economy, but the specific research objects are different, or the starting point is different. Marx pointed out in the preface to Volume/Kloc-0 of Das Kapital: "What I want to study in this book is the capitalist mode of production and the corresponding relations of production and exchange." There are different interpretations of Marx's statement, but it is generally believed that Ma Jing's research object is "production relations", and the relationship between people in the production process is studied in connection with productivity. The research object of western economics is the operating mechanism and policy of capitalist private ownership market economy. Relatively speaking, Ma Jing pays more attention to the analysis of the essential social relations behind economic phenomena, and all kinds of economic categories it has established reflect certain social relations. Western classics pay more attention to the explanation and prediction of superficial economic phenomena. According to Samuelson's stipulation, the primary task of western classic works is to describe, analyze and explain production, unemployment, price and similar phenomena. Of course, with the development of theory and the needs of reality, the differences of such specific research objects are not absolute, but overlapping. The western classics will also involve in-depth analysis at the institutional level, and the horse classics will also analyze the economic operation. Second, the research framework is different. The main line of carrying out Ma Classic is the contradiction between productivity and production relations. It is in connection with productive forces that Ma Jing studied the changing law of production relations in this contradiction. Starting with commodities, Ma Jing obtained the cornerstone of his theoretical building-labor theory of value with strict logic, and analyzed the production of capital according to the logic of commodities-money-capital. Then, I turned my eyes from production to circulation, and analyzed the essence and law of capital turnover, circulation and circulation. Finally, Ma Lao turned from the height of capitalist production to the field of distribution, put forward the theory of surplus value and the essence of capital exploitation, and said that "capital has been bloody and dirty from head to toe since it came to the world". In Ma Jing's works, the contradiction between productivity and relations of production is the main line, and its basic analytical framework consists of value, use value, surplus value, labor theory of value and surplus value theory. In the western classic system, the realistic contradiction between supply and demand is the starting point and the main line, the theory of supply and demand is the core, and the hypothesis of "economic man" is the premise of analysis. The elasticity theory, consumer behavior theory, enterprise behavior theory, market theory, distribution theory and so on are put forward in turn, which constitute the microeconomic system. The great crisis and the realistic requirements of state monopoly capital make it necessary to analyze the macro-economic operation as a whole. This is the macroeconomic system, and it is also based on the theory of total supply and demand. After Lucas Revolution, macro-economic analysis based on micro-foundation became the mainstream. The realistic requirements of international economic activities make the micro-and macro-analysis system extend to the international economic field, which constitutes international economics. We can see that in the western classics with supply and demand theory as the core, we can't see the value, use value and surplus value in the analysis framework of Ma Classic, but we can see different analysis frameworks composed of the concepts of supply, demand, utility, cost, income, margin and equilibrium. Third, differences in methodology. From the Ricardo tragedy in 191920s to the marginal revolution in1970s and the publication of Das Kapital, the field of economic thought was in a state of leaderless. There was no Adam Smith or later Keynesian core figures, even if there was a John Mill, he was just an eclectic. Fan Gang, a famous economist, called this period a "vacuum" in economics. It can be considered that one of the main differences of Ricardo's post-tragic economics lies in the research method, or economic theory, which is based on the progress of scientific research method and its application in economics. The progress of this research method is the philosophical method of dialectical materialism and the mathematical method of marginal analysis. Since then, according to the different methodologies of philosophy and mathematics, economics has embarked on two different roads and gone further and further, forming two different systems. Of course, today, the differences of this methodology have also begun to merge. In terms of specific methods, they all follow the method of unifying logic and history. Modern people are also making unremitting efforts for the mathematicization of Ma Jing, and philosophers like Hayek have appeared in the field of thinking about western classics. Fourth, different interest positions. As a social science, economics undoubtedly has a certain interest position. Ma Jing and Xi Jing are theoretical systems representing the interests of different classes. Ma Jing is the representative of the interests of the working class, trying to prove that commodity value and social wealth are created by the labor of the working class, and the wealth possessed and enjoyed by the bourgeoisie should belong to the working class. Western classics inherit the classic class position, serve the interests of the bourgeoisie, and try to prove that the capitalist private ownership economic relationship is reasonable, which is conducive to improving efficiency, benefiting the whole people and expanding the wealth cake. Even in the Great Depression, monopoly and even state monopoly, when liberalism was cornered, Keynes called for state intervention, which still proved the rationality of capitalist economic relations. No big deal. As long as the government takes intervention measures, the problem of insufficient effective demand can be solved. People like Hayek and Friedman are even more defenders of the relationship between liberalism and capitalist private ownership. Fifth, the theoretical formation path is different. Ma Jing is basically the result of the cooperation between Marx and Engels. The real creation time of Das Kapital began around 1844, when Marx's research focus shifted from philosophy to political economy, and the writing of the third part of the Manuscript ended at the end of 1865, marked by the publication of volume 1867, which lasted about 20 years. In fact, Marx's creative time of the core idea of Das Kapital was concentrated in the 30 years from1850s to1880s. Western classic works are the result of the joint efforts of quite a few economists in western countries. From the rise of marginal revolution in 1870, Marshall's integration, to the final completion of micro-part by Chamberlain and others in 1930, from Keynes's establishment of macro-system, Hicks and others' perfection, to Samuelson's synthesis, and then to the return of monetarism and rational expectation to liberalism, Lucas supply curve has undergone a century of revolution in macroeconomics. It is precisely because of this different path of creative history that the Western Classics has experienced a longer time span than the Ma Classics, showing the characteristics of various schools, and the system of the Western Classics is not as good as the Ma Classics in internal logic. Sixth, the conclusion is different. The differences between Beijing and Beijing were discussed above. Whether it is the determination of specific research objects, the establishment of research framework, or the choice of research methods, it is largely determined by positions and goals. Then, the above differences finally converge to one point, that is, the differences of Hejing's conclusion on capitalist private ownership market economy. Ma Jing's conclusion is that the capitalist private ownership market economy is incompatible with the development of productive forces and must be revolutionized, overthrown and rebuilt. As for what kind of economic relations to rebuild to adapt to the development of new productive forces, Ma Lao seems to be not very clear and has no specific arrangements, only referring to "scientific socialism". In a word, Ma Jing's dialectical materialist analysis of the capitalist private ownership market economic relations concluded that the existing capitalist economic relations should be overthrown and the socialist economic relations of distribution according to work without exploitation should be rebuilt. On the contrary, the conclusion of western classics is non-revolutionary, which has two specific manifestations. One is conservative liberalism, that is, laissez-faire Guided by the "invisible hand" of the market, the capitalist market economic system can automatically achieve Pareto efficiency equilibrium. The other is reformist interventionism, that is, opposing laissez-faire, overthrowing reconstruction and advocating government intervention. It is believed that as long as the government plays the role of "visible hand", uses fiscal and monetary policies and implements intervention measures against the economic wind, the Pareto efficiency balance of resource allocation can be realized. The western classics of liberalism and interventionism are different in the conclusion of treating capitalist private market economy. It is this difference that has promoted the continuous progress of western classics in the 20th century. However, the western classics, whether liberalism or interventionism, are opposed to Ma Jing in their positions and conclusions, representing the interests of the bourgeoisie, proving the rationality of the capitalist system and safeguarding the interests of the bourgeoisie.