Ji Xianlin, the word Ji, and the word Qi Ling. Famous ancient philologist, historian, orientalist, thinker, translator, Buddhist and writer. Proficient in 12 language. He used to be a member of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of China Academy of Sciences, Vice President Peking University, and Director of South Asia Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences. 1911was born in kangzhuang town, Linqing city, Shandong province on August 6th.
Professor Peking University, Chairman of China Cultural Research Institute, Academician of China Academy of Sciences, China linguist, literary translator, Sanskrit and Pali expert and writer. There are many achievements in the study of Indian China literature history.
Grandfather Ji Laotai, father Ji Silian, mother Zhao, farmer. Uncle Ji Sicheng. When I was young, I studied reading with Ma Gong Jing.
I went to Jinan at the age of 6 and went to my uncle Ji Sicheng. Go to a private school. After 7 years old, he studied at Xinyu Primary School affiliated to Shandong First Normal University. 10 years old, began to learn English. 12 years old, admitted to Zhengyi Middle School, and transferred to the high school affiliated to Shandong University after half a year. High school began to learn German and became interested in foreign literature. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he transferred to the provincial Jinan senior high school. The Chinese teacher is Dong, who is also a translator. "The reason why I have been dancing and writing for 50 or 60 years, and I still can't put it down until now, is thanks to Teacher Dong, which I will never forget."
1930 was admitted to the Department of Western Literature in Tsinghua University, majoring in German. I studied the comparison of eastern and western poetry, English and Sanskrit under Wu Mi and Ye Gongchao, and took elective courses such as Professor Chen Yinke's Buddhist scripture translation literature, Zhu Guangqian's literary psychology, Yu Pingbo's Tang and Song poems and Zhu Ziqing's Tao Yuanming's poems. Make friends with classmates Wu Zuxiang, Lin Geng and Li Changzhi. They are called "Four Musketeers". Among the students is Hu Qiaomu. I like "pure poetry", such as Villeland and Malarme. Parallel Prose of Six Dynasties in Li Yishan and Jiang Baishi. He translated the works of Dreiser and Turgenev. During my college years, I won a scholarship from my hometown Qingping County with excellent results.
1935 In September, according to the postgraduate exchange agreement between Tsinghua University College of Literature and Germany, Tsinghua enrolled postgraduate students in Germany for three years. Ji Xianlin was admitted and immediately went to Germany. Joe traveled with him in Berlin and America. 10 In June, I went to G? ttingen and got to know Tian and others. Entering the University of G? ttingen, "I dreamed that I was in G? ttingen, … I could read some books and some words, which were once brilliant in ancient times, and this glory will never go out." "I don't know if I can catch this dream." Studying in Germany for ten years. "
1936 Spring, Ji Xianlin chose Sanskrit. He believes that "Indian culture is greatly influenced by Indian culture, so I will study the cultural relationship between China and China and maybe find something". So, "I can't read Sanskrit." "I finally found the way to go in my life. I have been walking along this road for more than half a century, and I will go on until now. " Eleven years in Germany, "Fate strengthened my faith." Ji Xianlin majored in Indian studies and studied Sanskrit and Pali at the Sanskrit Institute of G? ttingen University. English linguistics and Slavic linguistics are selected as affiliated departments, and Yugoslav language is added. Ji Xianlin studied under Professor Waldschmitt, the host of Sanskrit lecture and a famous Sanskrit scholar, and became his only audience. There are more than 40 classes a semester, and Ji Xianlin studies very hard. The Buddhist scripture Memorabilia has three thick volumes and is written in mixed Sanskrit. He raced against time to concentrate on reading and writing. Turn on the light and continue to be poor forever.
From 1940 and 65438+February to19465438+February, Ji Xianlin got four "excellent" in thesis defense and Indian studies, Slavic language and English exams, and obtained a doctorate. Because of the war, there is no way to return to China, so I have to stay at Columbia University. From June to 10, 5438, he taught at the Institute of Sinology, University of G? ttingen, and continued to study the Sanskrit of Buddhism, and published many important papers in the Journal of G? ttingen Academy of Sciences. "This is the golden age of my academic career, and I have never seen it since." Postdoctoral years, it was the eve of the collapse of fascism, Germany was short of material resources, and Ji Xianlin, as a foreigner, was inevitably struggling in the "hunger hell", suffering from war disasters like the German people. As an overseas traveler, I have deep feelings for my hometown, especially the feeling that "there are plenty of fragrant grass in the end of the world, only endless lovesickness", and I miss my motherland and my family day and night. "I looked down at the gray sky with tears in my eyes, and my mother's face came to my mind."
194 1 year received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of G? ttingen. Later, he studied Northeast China under the linguist e. Sikh.
1945 10 months. Shortly after the end of World War II, I wrapped myself up and returned to Switzerland. "It's like a spring dream, and it flew over in ten years." Thirty-five years after leaving G? ttingen, 1980, Ji Xianlin led a social science delegation from China to visit the city again, and then called on 83-year-old Waldschmitten, as if it were a lifetime ago. Later, he made a touching masterpiece "Returning to Gottingen".
1May, 946, he went to Shanghai, went to Nanjing, met again, and met the essayist Liang Shiqiu and the poet through Li's introduction. In Nanjing, he visited Tsinghua's mentor Chen Yinke. Chen recommended him to teach in Peking University, and then he visited Peking University, the acting principal in Nanjing. In autumn, I returned to Peiping and called on Tang Yongtong, Dean of Peking University College of Literature.
From 1946 to 1983, he was hired by Peking University as the professor and head of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature, and established the Department in Peking University. Colleagues include linguist Ma Jian and Indian scientist Kim Kemu. After liberation, he continued to be a professor and head of the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University, engaged in departmental affairs, scientific research and translation. Anna Segues's short stories (1955) and Sanskrit literary works (1956) have been published in German, and the collection of ancient Indian fables, Shagongdaro (1956), has five volumes (1959), and Sakyamuni (. Academic works include Series of History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations 1957, A Brief History of India 1957, Indian National Uprising 1857- 1859, etc. 1956 in February, he was appointed as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. 1954, 1959 and 1964 were elected as members of the second, third and fourth CPPCC. As China's cultural envoy, he visited India, Myanmar, East Germany, the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Egypt, Syria and other countries. ""was brutally persecuted by the Gang of Four and its Beijing minions. 1978 came back, and he continued to be the head of the Department of Oriental Languages in Peking University, and was appointed as the vice president of Peking University and the director of South Asian Institute in Peking University. Elected as a member of the Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1983 was elected as the representative of the Sixth National People's Congress.
65438-0956, Member, Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences, China Academy of Sciences. He used to be a member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and head of foreign language and literature review group, president of the Second Chinese Language Society, president of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association, honorary president of China National Ancient Characters Research Association, deputy and member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress, member of the Editorial Committee of Encyclopedia of China, and director of the Chinese Volume Editorial Committee. His academic achievements are the most prominent in the study of Indo-European languages in the Middle Ages. The main works include: the modification of finite verbs in Memorabilia +094 1 year, the systematic summary of various morphological adjustments of verbs in mixed Sanskrit used in Memorabilia of Hinayana Buddhism, and the conversion of the suffix -am to -o and -u in Middle Indian. It is found and proved that the conversion of suffix -am to -o and -u is one of the characteristics of Kendra language in northwest India. 6666.66666666661the language of primitive Buddhism 1985 demonstrated the existence of primitive Buddhist scriptures, expounded the language policy of primitive Buddhism, studied the historical origin and characteristics of mixed Sanskrit Buddhism, and studied the different versions of the Karma Sutra of Prince Foley in Tohoku .59986.99996969696 His translated works mainly include: Shagongdaro 1956, five-volume edition 1959. As a writer, Youli's works mainly include Tianzhu Heart Shadow 1980, Langrun Anthology 198 1 year, and Ji Xianlin Prose Collection/kloc.
1978 ~ 1984 concurrently serves as the vice president of Peking University. His works have been compiled into the Collected Works of Ji Xianlin, with a total of 24 volumes.
1988, chairman of China Institute of Culture. He has visited Germany, Japan and Thailand as a scholar.
Mr. Ji has been teaching in Peking University for many years, and he has made great achievements in linguistics, culturology, history, Buddhism teaching, Indian studies, comparative literature and so on. He studied and translated Sanskrit works and many classics in Germany, Britain and other countries, and now he insists on reading and writing every day even in the ward.
Mr Ji Xianlin is admired not only for his knowledge, but also for his character. He said: Even in the most difficult times, he didn't lose his conscience. His book is not only a portrayal of the old man's personal life, but also a portrayal of the course of intellectuals in China in the past century. Ji Xianlin's Miscellanies from His Sick Bed was recently published. In the book, Mr. Ji Xianlin used insightful words to explain for the first time his views on the three laurels "Master of Chinese Studies", "Academic Leader" and "National Treasure" that have been "added" to his head by the outside world in recent years. He said: "I am free from three laurels. The foam on my body was washed away, revealing my true face, and everyone was very happy. "
Since the end of 1970s, he has held academic posts: vice president of China Foreign Literature Society 1978, president of China South Asia Society 1979, honorary president of China Ancient Ethnography Society 1980, president of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association 198 1, and president of Chinese Language Society/kloc. Vice President of Dunhuang Turpan Society in China 1983, Executive Director of China Historical Society 1984, Vice President of China Higher Education Society 1984, Director of China Writers Society 1985, Honorary President of China Comparative Literature Society 1985, President of China Asian-African Society/kloc-. 1April, 1998, Miscellaneous Notes of Cowshed was published in March and April of 1988, and was finalized in June of 1992. The publishing industry believes that "this is a book written with blood and tears." This is the best gift left by a generation of masters to future generations. Ji Xianlin's academic research, in his own words, is: "Brahma, Buddhism and Tuhuo Tam are studied at the same time, while China literature, comparative literature and literary theory are studied in Qi Fei.
He is one of the winners of "Touching China in 2006".
Ji Xianlin is a famous contemporary linguist. Prose writers are experts in the study of oriental culture. Because he dabbled in ancient and modern times, he was known as a "leading scholar".
1956 * * Joined China.
1930 was admitted to the department of western languages in Tsinghua University.
1934 After graduation, he taught in Jinan Shandong Provincial High School.
/kloc-in 0/935, he was admitted to Tsinghua University for postgraduate exchange, went to Germany to study, and studied Sanskrit, Pali, Tuholo and other ancient languages at the University of G? ttingen.
194 1 year, with a doctorate in philosophy.
From 65438 to 0946, he returned to China and served as Professor Peking University, Professor and Head of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature.
The scope of Ji Xianlin's academic research:
1。 Ancient Indian language, especially Buddhist Sanskrit.
2。 Native goods Tam
3。 Ancient Indian literature
4。 History of Indian Buddhism
5。 History of Buddhism in China
6。 History of Buddhism in Central Asia
7。 Tang Shi
8。 History of Sino-Indian Cultural Exchange
9。 History of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries
10。 Cultural differences between China and the West and * * *
1 1。 Aesthetics and China's Ancient Literary Theory
12。 German and western literature
13。 Comparative literature and folk literature
14。 Prose and prose creation
This classification is just a general situation. Professor Zhang Guanglin and Mr. Ke Ling from the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University summarized Mr. Ji Xianlin's academic achievements. Ji Xianlin's academic achievements generally include the following 65,438+00 aspects: 65,438+0 research on ancient Indian-doctoral thesis "Changes of finite verbs in great events", "The suffix -am, the transformation to -o and -u in Chinese Indian" and "Using the Infinite Past Tense" 2. Research on the history of Buddhism-He is one of the few Buddhist teaching scholars at home and abroad who can really study the original Buddhist scriptures. He combined the study of the law of language changes in medieval India with the study of Buddhist history to find out the emergence, evolution and spread of major Buddhist classics, thus determining the emergence and spread of important Buddhist factions; 3. Study on Toxoids —— The early masterpiece "Parallel Translation of Toxoid Books of Prince Fu Li's Causal Classics" created a successful method for the semantic study of Toxoids. From 1948, the script Meeting Maitreya collected by Xinjiang Museum was translated and interpreted, and from 1980, the newly discovered Toksolo language in Turpan, Xinjiang was discovered. Studies on the History of Sino-Indian Cultural Exchanges-When and Where China's Paper and Papermaking Methods Introduced into India, Preliminary Study on the Problem of China's Silk Introduced into India, and Argument that Some Components of The Journey to the West Originated from India show that Chinese and Indian cultures "learn from each other, have their own innovations, influence each other and penetrate each other"; 5. Research on the history of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries —— In the 1980s, he edited The Story of the Western Regions of Datang and The Modern Translation of the Western Regions of Datang, and wrote the Preface to the Story of the Western Regions with 65,438+10,000 words, which is an important achievement in the study of the history of the western regions in China for decades. The Sugar History completed by 1996 shows ancient China, India, Persia and * *. 6 Translation and Introduction of Indian Literary Works and Studies of Indian Literature-Ramayana is one of the two great epics in ancient times, with more than 20,000 poems and more than 90,000 lines translated into Chinese. After 1O years of unremitting efforts, Ji Xianlin finally completed this translation, which is an unprecedented event in the translation history of China. 7 Comparative Literature Research-In the early 1980s, he first advocated the restoration of comparative literature research and called for the establishment of China School of Comparative Literature, which made great contributions to the revival of comparative literature in China. 8 Oriental Culture Research-Since the end of 1980s, I have vigorously advocated the study of oriental culture, and edited the large-scale cultural series "The Fusion of Oriental Cultures", with more than 50O species and more than 8OO volumes, which is expected to be completed in 15 years; Storing and rescuing the ancient books of the motherland-in the 1990s, he was the editor-in-chief of two masterpieces, namely, the catalogue series of Sikuquanshu and the handed down series; 10 Prose Creation-I have been writing prose since I was 17 years old, and there have been more than 800,000 words for decades. When celebrating Ji Xianlin's 88th birthday, Zhong Jingwen said: "The highest realm of literature is simplicity, and Mr. Ji's works have reached this realm. He is simply because he is sincere. " "As the old saying goes, I love my husband's good writing."
Since the late 1980s, Ji Xianlin has put forward many personal opinions and judgments on culture, China culture, East-West cultural system, East-West cultural exchange, 2 1 century human culture and other issues, which have aroused widespread concern at home and abroad.