China's costume culture can be traced back to the late Paleolithic period in primitive society. Archaeological findings show that about 20 thousand years ago, the original residents living in the present Zhoukoudian area of Beijing already wore ornaments. White pebbles, yellow-green gravel, animal teeth, mussel shells, fish bones and grooved bone tubes were unearthed there. These items all have delicate holes. There are traces of hematite powder in the cave. Experts infer that this is an ornament hanging on the body.
At that time, people wore ornaments not only for beauty, but also to ward off evil spirits. According to the literature records and the analysis of unearthed cultural relics, China's crown service system was initially established in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and basically improved in the Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In order to show honor and dignity, royal officials and ministers should wear their crowns in an orderly manner and adopt different forms, colors and patterns on different ceremonial occasions.
Since then, clothing has become a symbol of identity and status. It represents the individual's political and social status, so that everyone can keep their duty and dare not overstep it.
The war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period promoted the reform of corsets, long skirts and robes that took off their tops. King Wuling of Zhao broke through the resistance for the fighting capacity of the army, ordered the people of the whole country to put on nomadic shorts and learn to ride and shoot, and finally made Zhao strong. This was the first clothing reform in China's history, and Khufu became very popular from then on. Accompanied by khufu, there is a hook. Used to end the belt, because it is more convenient than tying the belt, it quickly became popular.
Qinhan clothing
In the era of Qin Shihuang, a strict system of clothes and costumes was established. During this period, one-piece wide-sleeved deep clothes and robes were the most popular. In the evolution of costumes in Qin and Han dynasties, the deep clothes were replaced by elm with straight eaves. Also known as "pole", it refers to the hem at the back of the clothes, which is actually the front of the clothes, that is, the front. Because the collar of ancient clothes is connected with the front, it is called pole. Because the front of the deep coat is often connected one by one, it must be worn around the back, thus forming a "curve". The adoption of Ququ is directly related to the evolution of underwear.
Before the appearance of deep clothes, people's lower body was surrounded by skirts, so pants would not be exposed; After the deep clothes connect the clothes into a whole, it brings problems to the treatment of the hem: if the two sides are slit, the blouse will inevitably be exposed; If you don't open the seam, it will affect walking. To this end, there is a way to cover each other up.
In the Han dynasty, the imperial clothes were mainly deep clothes, and the basic style was robes. The grade is expressed by the difference of the thickness and color of the material, with red as the top and turquoise as the bottom. The style of robes is basically a horizontal collar, and the two lapels overlap and cross; Most of the sleeve part is made wider to form a cylinder; The cuffs are obviously contracted, which is convenient for activities.
Wei Jin nan Bei Chao clothing
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is another great turning point in the history of ancient clothing in China. With a large number of ethnic minorities entering the Central Plains, Khufu became a common costume in society. The clothes of ordinary people are most influenced by Khufu. They absorbed the narrow sleeves, tight-fitting, round neck, split and other factors in Hu clothing into the original clothing. On the basis of Khufu, the clothing of Han aristocrats has also been improved, with the length lengthened, cuffs and trousers added, and the left slit changed to the right slit. But wearing is still the traditional Han clothing style. At this time, new clothing styles appeared, such as: knee-length sleeves on top and pleated pants on the bottom; There are no sleeves, only two skirts, one on the chest and the other on the back crotch; Half-sleeved shirt, short-sleeved shirt. Wei Mingdi once wore an embroidered hat and a light blue half-sleeved shirt to see his liegeman, and was denounced by public opinion as "serving the demon".
Sui Tang clothing
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China moved from division to unity, from war to stability, and its economy and culture flourished. The development of clothing presents a thriving scene in terms of materials and styles. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the main characteristics of men's crown clothing were that the upper layer wore robes, the officials wore hoes, and the people wore short shirts. Until the Five Dynasties, there was little change. Officials in Tian Zi and Guanbai used colors to distinguish grades, and patterns to indicate official ranks.
Women's dresses in Sui and Tang Dynasties were full of fashion, which often developed from palace women's dresses to folk ones, were imitated one after another, and were often influenced by the northwest nationalities and became unique. The most fashionable women's dress in Sui and Tang Dynasties was short skirt, that is, long skirt with short coat, and the waist of the skirt was tied with silk ribbon, almost reaching the armpit. The lady wears a skirt with big cuffs and a skirt or lapel sleeves on her shoulders. In the Tang Dynasty, in addition to the cross collar, square collar and round neck, there were various lapels, and even a bare collar was popular, that is, underwear was not worn inside, and the chest was exposed outside. On the other hand, it also reflects the openness of thought at that time.
Clothing patterns in the Tang Dynasty are very exquisite, and clothing styles are popular, such as a narrow sleeve shirt with a half-exposed chest, or a shirtless half-sleeve shirt with a chest skirt above the chest or a long skirt with a high waist to the chest. A silk is tied to the right side of the skirt waist, and the other end of the silk bypasses the back from the right shoulder and hangs on the left arm.
There are several changes in the way silk is dressed. Women's hair accessories in Tang Dynasty are rich and varied, each with its own proper name. Women's shoes are usually flower shoes, mostly made of gorgeous fabrics, colored silk and leather.
Song Yuan clothing
The color and style of the clothing in Song Dynasty continued to Tang Dynasty, but it was better and more natural under the integration of tradition.
Men's wear in Song Dynasty generally followed the characteristics of Tang Dynasty. Ordinary people often wear gowns with high collars or round necks and stuff their clothes on their belts when doing things. The clothes are black and white. At that time, retired officials and scholar-officials wore a double-breasted gown called "straight seam", with large sleeves, black edges on cuffs, neckline and shirt corners, and a hat called "Dongpo towel" on their heads. In Song Dynasty, women wore a short jacket with narrow sleeves and a long skirt. Usually, they wear double-breasted long-sleeved shirts, much like vests today. The neckline and the front of the button are embroidered with beautiful lace.
The Yuan Dynasty was dominated by robes. The daily clothes of officials and scholars are mostly narrow-sleeved robes. In addition, in the banquet activities of the Yuan Dynasty, the officials of Tiandi had to wear uniform colors, which was called high-quality sun clothes. The style of drying clothes is that the top and bottom clothes are connected, and the clothes are relatively tight and narrow. The lower garment is short, with numerous folds at the waist and big beads between the shoulders. Officials and ordinary people live in seclusion every day and generally wear narrow-sleeved robes. A servant in a low position wears a short-sleeved shirt over his robe. Women also have this habit. In addition to the robes commonly used in Liao and Jin Dynasties, there is another style of robes, usually made of silk and cotton, with a cross collar, narrow sleeves, knees at the bottom, and wide and thin pleats below the waist, such as skirts. In addition, colored silk is twisted into thin threads and woven horizontally at the waist. It is not only used as a dress, but also can be used to tie the waist, which is commonly known as the "waist line".
This style can be worn regardless of rank and is very suitable for riding.
Ming dynasty clothes
After Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, in order to restore the etiquette of the Han nationality, Hu Fu, Hu Yu and Hu surname were first banned, and then an imperial edict was issued: the clothes were not as good as those of the Tang Dynasty. Robes are the main clothing, while officials use "auxiliary clothing"
It's a uniform, wearing a black hat and a round neck shirt.
Men's wear in Ming Dynasty changed the basic style of tight and narrow sleeves in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, emphasizing leniency.
The casual clothes worn by ordinary men in daily life are generally evolved on the basis of Song and Yuan Dynasties, among which, straight sewing, Taoist robes, dragging, pleating, straight body, Yangming clothes and Cheng Zi clothes are mostly used.
In the Ming Dynasty, folk women were only allowed to use purple embroidery, not gold embroidery. Robes can only be purple, pink and light red, not red, crow green and yellow. The clothes of the Ming dynasty have appeared in the style of buttons. Before the Ming dynasty, the style of women's shirts was always loose and wide. In the Ming dynasty, tight shirts appeared. The body is made very narrow and the sleeves are made very small, so it is tightly wrapped around the body when you wear it. It has become a hobby for some women to show their charming figure with tight styles and light materials. Paddy field clothes were popular in the late Ming Dynasty. Contrary to other clothing production ideas, clothing made of various pieces of cloth. Because the whole dress is criss-crossed by materials of different sizes, it is like a paddy field, hence the name. The bolder costume of women in the Ming Dynasty was to show their underwear. At that time, underwear was called "the main waist" and its function was equivalent to wiping the chest. Women's shoes in the Ming Dynasty are also embroidered with hat badges or beads. Imperial secretary wears cloud shoes embroidered with small golden flowers and colorful dresses, and moves like water waves.
Qing Dynasty and Modern Clothing
After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the Qing Dynasty was established. The clothing system in Qing Dynasty is the most complicated in China.
Clothing not only retains the customs of Manchu, but also contains the characteristics of Han clothing. The most representative is to follow the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty supplementary service. The main costumes of men in Qing Dynasty were robes, mandarin jackets and vests. The biggest feature of robes is that the cuffs are shaped like horseshoes. Because Manchu people like riding and shooting, the cuff has evolved into a horseshoe shape.
In the Qing Dynasty, gentlemen and men wore casual clothes, in addition to robes and gowns, there were also small gowns, usually with double-breasted sleeves and knee-length. Working farmers usually wear short coats and shirts instead of robes. It is also a common dress for men in the Qing Dynasty to add a vest to the robe. In the Qing Dynasty, men often wore trousers in the lower body, in addition to trousers, there were also sets of trousers. Pants are also a kind of shin guard clothing (a sheath that keeps the calf warm). In the Qing Dynasty, blouses were mainly wide, with long arms and sleeves too wide, and narrow lace embedded in collars, skirts and sleeves. During the Qianlong period, large sleeves and wide shirts were popular, and the lace was wider than before. During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, the body was slightly reduced, and the cuffs were also converged, but the length of the clothes was obviously increased to the knees.
After 1840, it entered modern times, and western culture blended with China local culture. Many coastal metropolises, especially those like Shanghai, are prosperous in business, and foreign goods such as feather yarn, woolen cloth, foreign silk and printed cloth flood the market, changing the traditional clothing. Foreign fabrics are very popular because of their cheapness, while traditional manual processes such as hemming, inlaying and embroidery are gradually declining, and western-style sewing is becoming popular. Suits have become "casual clothes" for some dignitaries. It is worth mentioning that the cheongsam, which was born out of Manchu women's dresses in Qing Dynasty, was finally determined on the basis of absorbing western clothing styles and constantly improving them.
It was not until the 1940s that cheongsam became popular in China. During this period, the styles changed several times, such as collar height, sleeve length, slit height, etc., which completely changed the appearance of cheongsam, changed the long-term hunchback of women in China, and showed the curvaceous beauty of women. At that time, cheongsam almost became the standard dress for women in China, and was worn by students, workers and wives of dignitaries. Cheongsam has even become a dress for social occasions and diplomatic activities. Later, as the quintessence of the Chinese nation, cheongsam spread abroad and was imitated by other women.
Some minority costumes
Characteristic yi nationality
Clothing and Yi people are an ancient nation. Yi people's costumes are rich in variety, colorful and unique in style, with distinctive regional and ethnic characteristics, with more than 300 kinds of costumes. More than 65,438+0,600 years ago, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yi men wore felt in their hair, and Yi costumes still retained their national characteristics for thousands of years. Both men and women wear selva sheepskin and felt. Jerva can be used as clothes during the day, as a quilt at night, as a poncho when it rains, and can be used in all seasons. It is shaped like a cloak, woven from wool, reaching below the knee, with hairy ears at the lower end, usually dark black.
Most Yi men wear black narrow-sleeved right cardigans with lace and pleated wide-leg pants. There is a lock of hair about three inches long on the top of the head, which is called "Tianbodhisattva" in Chinese and "Zier" in Yi language. It is wrapped in a green or blue or black bun more than ten feet long, and tied into a thumb-thick long cone at the right front-called "hero bun" in Chinese. Both men and women wear earrings. Men only wear their left ears, while women wear both ears. Men don't need to be beautiful. When they are free, they will pull out their beards one by one. They wear yellow or red ear beads strung with red silk thread on their ears, while women value the length of their necks.
Generally speaking, women wear large-breasted or embroidered right-breasted jackets, black buns and earrings, and silver flowers on the neckline. Except for the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan and Yunnan who wear skirts, all Yi women in other areas wear pants. Many branches of women's trousers are embroidered with delicate lace. Married women's skirts, cuffs and necklines are also embroidered with exquisite and rich lace, especially around the waist.
Unmarried women in central and southern Yunnan often wear bright cockscomb hats decorated with red tassels and beads. Cockcomb hats are often cut into the shape of a comb with cloth shells and embroidered with dozens, hundreds or even thousands of silver bubbles. /kloc-Before the age of 0/5, Yi girls wore red and white children's skirts and tied braids. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, some places will hold a ceremony called "Shalalo", which means "changing skirts, braiding and pulling strings", indicating that girls have grown up. /kloc-After 0/5 years old, you should put on a girl's long skirt with a black middle section, comb a single braid into a double braid, put on a headdress embroidered with colorful flowers, tear off the old thread that pierced your ears in childhood and put on silver earrings.
Tibetan clothes
Tibetan costumes are called "Quba" in Tibetan. There are many kinds of Tibetan clothes, which can be divided into long-sleeved turtlenecks, thick underwear with wide waist, long-sleeved fur robes, cloth robes, sleeveless robes, long vests, short vests, aprons, belts, boots and hats. But their basic characteristics are big waist, wide waist, long sleeves and no buttons. Tibetan clothes are characterized by spaciousness, warmth, practicality and versatility.
Tibetan robe is longer than height, with large left lapel and small right lapel. Dress is very particular, first put on shirts and underwear, then lift the bottom of the robe to the customary height (generally knee-high for men and foot-high for women), and then tie it tightly with a belt, with a flat front and neat folds.
Put down the collar after the belt is tied, and hang the lifted part around the waist to form a wide bag, which can hold things and even put the baby beside you. After putting on a nightgown, you usually show your right arm. Others will tie your sleeves around your waist and show your turtleneck with bare arms. Then put on boots, hats and accessories.
Kangba clothing is different in agricultural and pastoral areas, mainly reflected in the material and headdress. In the past, rural areas were mainly made of cloth, but they were also made of cloth or wool. Cold-resistant sheep or goatskin are widely used in pastoral areas, usually fur robes with outward fur. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up 20 years ago, the material living standard of the Tibetan people in Kangba has been greatly improved, and the texture of clothes has also changed greatly. In addition to their customary robes at work, they usually wear brocade robes, silk robes, embroidered satin robes and jacquard leather robes. In addition, Tibetan costumes in agricultural and pastoral areas have the habit of wrapping edges, generally inlaid with black velveteen, woolen cloth or colors, and many of them are inlaid with animal fur such as otter skin, tiger skin and leopard skin on their skirts, cuffs and hem.
There are many styles of Tibetan hats, mainly including golden flower hats, leather hats, encouraging hats and felt hats. Felt hat is the oldest one. It is mainly made of white felt, with a high top and a small brim. In modern times, it is only decorated with red satin and gold satin, and the basic shape is still an ancient felt hat. Pastoral areas like to wear fur hats, which are made of fine full fox skin. Young people look very chic. Golden hat is a national hat that men, women and children like to wear. It is decorated with golden satin and golden ribbon, and made of felt and fur. The hat shines in the sun, which is very spiritual and beautiful.
Tibetan boots are one of the main features of Tibetan costumes, which are divided into songba shoes and galo shoes. From the appearance, it looks like boots to be worn in costume dramas on stage. The bottom is 2 cm high and the waist is above the calf. The upper is decorated with red and green woolen cloth, and the waist has lines and patterns.
Tibetan ornaments are mainly headdresses, earrings, chest ornaments, waist ornaments and hand ornaments made of gold, silver and copper, as well as jewelry and stone tools.
Headdresses include hair clips, hairpins, bone rings, jade plates and hair beads chains, and are made of bronze, silver and gold carvings, as well as jade, coral, pearls and other treasures. Earrings, including earrings and earrings; There are protective ornaments such as necklaces, beads, brackets (ancient metal sacred objects) and garu on the chest ornaments; The main part of the waist ornament is ribbon or cowhide belt, on which a large number of exquisite ornaments such as fire sickle, purse, Tibetan knife, seashells and bells are hung; Jewelry includes various rings and bracelets, such as gold, silver, jade and conch.
the costume of manchu
Manchu costumes follow the tradition of Jurchen in the previous generation and have typical national and regional characteristics. Cheongsam is a traditional dress of Manchu people, which is called "clothing interface" in Manchu. Generally speaking, it refers to the clothes worn by men and women in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, Mongolia and Han Army, which are connected from top to bottom.
Manchu men like to wear robes, jackets, domes and trousers. The men's flag skirt is collarless or round neck, with slits on all sides and drawstring. The cuffs are arrow sleeves or horseshoe sleeves, which are usually rolled up and put down during hunting or fighting in winter to cover the back of the hand to keep out the cold. Four slits, that is, the hem of the robe is slit to the knee. Girdling the waist has a tight and warm effect, and you can use a belt. There are various decorations hanging on the belt, such as Yu Pei and sachets. Another feature of Manchu cheongsam is that it is equipped with a vest outside.
Women's cheongsam is foot-long and covers the vest. Clothing is made of silk, satin, tulle or cotton and linen, with various colors and patterns. Some embroidered a set of patterns on cheongsam, and the neckline, sleeve head and skirt were inlaid with lace of different colors, up to a dozen pieces, which were beautiful and symmetrical to wear.
With the development of society, men's robes are gradually ignored, while women's cheongsam has developed from straight tube and wide waist to tight curve streamline. Now it has developed into a costume that represents the characteristics of minority women in China. It was still popular in the world until 2 1 century.
Manchu men and women like to hang ornaments. Men have sickles, ear spoons, toothpicks, glasses cases and fan belts.
Women like to wear earrings, bracelets, rings, hair clips, large velvet flowers and sideburns, as well as sachets and wallets. The sachet and wallet are sewn with satin, which is rich in color and exquisite in workmanship.
Miao costume
Miao costume culture is a wonderful flower in the hundred gardens of Miao culture, with strong national characteristics. Miao costume is a symbol of primitive Miao nationality, a continuation of rules and history, a history book without words and a silent language. There are more than 100 styles of Miao women's wear, which is the highest in China.
Miao women's clothes are particularly elegant. Generally speaking, they wear narrow sleeves, big collars, double-breasted jackets, a red belt and a pleated skirt. The dress may be long enough and elegant; Or over the knee, elegant. Casual clothes are mostly wrapped in a handkerchief on the head, covered with a big skirt and a short coat, followed by trousers, embroidered edges, an embroidered waist and a little delicate silver ornaments as a foil. On the calf is 2 meters long cotton skirting cloth and two red ribbons of 1 meter. When kicking, first wrap the leggings around the calf, and then make a diamond with colored ribbons to tie the leggings tightly. The red silk ball with colored head hangs on the calf and looks like a fireball from a distance, which is in harmony with the coat.
Miao pleated skirt with colorful patterns decorated with embroidery, brocade, batik and cross stitch.
The main colors of dresses are red, blue, yellow, white and black. Clothes are mainly raw materials produced in the place of residence, mostly cotton, hemp, wool and so on. , finely woven by family workshops.
Miao men's clothing is relatively simple, and their tops are mostly double-breasted tops or right robes, mostly blue and black in color, with wool felt woven with geometric patterns on their shoulders, blue baotou on their heads and leggings on their calves.
Miao women's headdress is a fine work of art, and they usually wear two kinds of headscarves and hats: one is a black cloth pointed hat, and there is a cushion under the hat, and the cushion is embroidered with exquisite patterns. There is a dark blue pointed scarf embroidered with lace outside, and a red ribbon hangs from the back of the hat to the leg. The other is a small flower hat worn during leisure. Young girls seldom wear decorations, but married women do. When women dress up, they must wear various patterns of silver ornaments, including silver flower arrangement, silver horn, silver hat, silver comb, silver hairpin, collar, earrings, shawl, collar, waist chain, garment piece, garment bubble, silver bell, bracelet, ring and so on. A well-dressed Miao woman, covered in silver, weighs almost twenty or thirty Jin.
Miao people's concept of using silver is aesthetic, and the other is to attract money and avoid evil.
Mongolian clothes
Mongolian costumes are famous for their wide robes and wide bands, and their bright colors fully show the warm, tenacious and heroic character of the Mongols. In the eyes of ordinary people, Mongolian costumes seem to be relatively simple, nothing more than a robe and a pair of boots. In fact, Mongolian costumes are particularly complex and colorful. Not only are there different styles in different places, but there are also differences in age, marital status and clothing uniforms. Generally speaking, Mongolian costumes mainly include jewelry, robes, belts, boots and so on.
Mongolian robe is an ancient traditional costume created by Mongolian people to adapt to animal husbandry production and natural environment. The sleeves of the Mongolian robe are long and wide, and the lower end is left and right. The collar is high and the waist is buckled on the right. Lace inlay is often used in neckline, cuffs and hem. Men's robes are big, mostly blue and brown; Women's robes are relatively tight to show women's beautiful and healthy figure, mostly red, green and purple.
Belt is an indispensable part of Mongolian costume. It is usually made of cotton cloth and satin, and its length varies from three meters to four meters. This color matches the color of the robe. Wearing a belt can not only prevent wind and cold, but also keep the waist and ribs vertical and stable when riding a rein. It is also a beautiful decoration. When a man wears a belt, he lifts his robe up and ties it very short, which is convenient and neat when riding. A Mongolian knife, a steel sickle and a tobacco pouch should also be hung on the belt. Women, on the other hand, should pull down their robes when they wear their belts to show their beautiful figure.
Mongolians love to wear boots. Mongolian boots are divided into boots and leather boots. Cloth boots are generally made of thick cloth or canvas, which are soft and light to wear. Leather boots are mostly made of cowhide, horse skin or donkey skin, which are durable, waterproof and cold-resistant. Mongolian boots are exquisite in workmanship, and embroidered or cut-and-paste boots have exquisite patterns.
Women usually wear headscarves. The headscarf is more than ten feet long and colorful. Materials are cloth, hemp, silk, silk and so on. Girls like to wrap headscarves on their heads, then tie a knot on the right and hang the headscarves down. Married women wrap their heads with headscarves and wrap them around their heads without leaving ears. On solemn occasions, you should also wear a hat embroidered with patterns such as Feng Dan's morning flowers and Erlong's playing beads. There are red tassels and sparkling jewels on the top of the hat.
Jewelry can be roughly divided into five categories: headdress, necklace, chest ornament, waist ornament and hand ornament. Headdress is the most beautiful part of Mongolian jewelry, which mainly includes headscarves, hats, headband, hairband, knitting pliers, knitting sleeves, hair bands, hairpins, earrings and earrings.
Zhuang clothing
Zhuang nationality is one of the ethnic minorities in China, which was promulgated in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, nobles, Hunan and other places. Zhuang women are good at weaving and embroidery. The Zhuang cloth and brocade they weave are famous for their exquisite patterns and bright colors, and their unique batik is also praised by people.
Both men and women of Zhuang nationality wear Litong, and their clothing styles are mainly blue and black dresses and trousers shorts. Zhuang men's wear is mostly Tang suit with broken chest and double-breasted buttons, which is made of local homespun and does not wear pants. The jacket is short-necked and double-breasted, and a row (six to eight pairs) of cloth buttons are sewn. A pair of small pockets are sewn on the chest and two large pockets on the abdomen. The hem is folded inward into a wide edge, and symmetrical cracks are opened on the left and right sides of the lower edge. Wear loose trousers, which are below the knee. Some are leggings and headscarves. Wear shoes and hats in winter and barefoot in summer. Wear yuntou cloth shoes or double hook duck-billed shoes on holidays or when visiting relatives. Wear sandals at work.
Zhuang women usually dress in blue and black, with wide trouser legs, colorful printed or jacquard towels on their heads and exquisite aprons around their waists. Wearing navy blue or dark blue short-necked straight-breasted jackets (some have colored lace embroidered at the neckline, cuffs and lapels), lapels can be divided into lapels and lapels without lapels. There are two different coat lengths. In most areas, coats are waist-short, and in a few areas, coats are knee-long. Most colors are navy blue or dark blue. There is a hidden pocket in the front of the abdomen, and several pairs of cloth buttons are sewn along the front edge. In remote mountainous areas, Zhuang women still wear clothes with broken breasts, no collar and embroidered five-color patterns. Wear wide, fat, black trousers (some have stripes of two different colors at the hem), an apron at the waist, and blue, red and green silk and cotton cloth at the knees of trousers. Wear sandals and shoulder pads at work. Wear embroidered shoes for fairs, singing and festivals.
Zhuang women generally like to wear earrings, bracelets and collars. Clothing colors and trinkets worn in different places are slightly different.