Conception is the overall design of composition, which is mainly based on abstract thinking. There is no composition without creativity, but some ideas are not easy to see because of the short time (some ideas take years).
The idea of writing symbols is an outline. Outline is both important and necessary for a composition.
However, as far as I can see, I haven't seen a relatively complete and detailed outline writing method. The following features are for your reference and correction.
First, prepare the topic. (a) the title is closely related to the theme, but it serves the theme; The title can be changed, but the theme can't be changed at will.
The leading proposition of examination composition should avoid the previous proposition and its fixed routine, and be based on foundation and practicality, giving candidates room to play. The test questions will have the flavor of the times and conform to the life and ideological reality of the candidates.
Such a proposition has a wide range of applications and strives to give candidates something to say. (2) The composition of the exam is mostly propositional composition, and there are also many conditions that allow candidates to make their own propositions after providing materials. This must be carefully and slowly examined (as well as your own proposition).
Literary composition structure: 1. Vertical development. According to the time sequence or process of the development of things, this structure is based on the direct narrative and flashback narrative of this expression.
Although flashback mentions the end or the most prominent fragment to the beginning, the subject still belongs to the vertical development type, because both the author and the reader have a clear sense of time. The clue level is clear, but it is easy to get bored.
This must pay attention to the primary and secondary details and highlight the key points. 2. Horizontal development.
According to the order of things, it is divided into several parts. Structure in scientific composition: 1.
Generally, it is written about the horizontal and static situation of objects. The parts are not closely related and independent, but * * * serves the purpose of interpretation.
A part can be omitted. The order is not so fixed.
Sequential codes, such as first, second and third, are often used. The advantages of this method are universality and strong organization.
2. progress. Generally, it is a process or transaction to write the longitudinal dynamics of an object.
Each part is gradual and indispensable, and the order cannot be reversed. The advantage of this method is that it is logical and can explain the problem.
In an article, the two methods can cross each other, that is, one method is the main one and the other method is used in a certain part, that is, the level. Structural selection usually uses only a few words.
Fifth, indicate the meaning of the layer. This part is called the outline of the full text.
There are two ways to write the main part of this outline. First, the title writing, no punctuation at the end, a few words at most, concise.
The advantage of this writing is that it is concise and easy to master (few words, short outline). The disadvantage is that others don't understand it well, and they may not understand it after a period of time.
The second is sentence writing, which is a complete sentence. The advantage of this writing is concrete and clear, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to be lengthy and not conducive to thinking.
It is best to use the two methods alternately, with titles in simple and clear places and sentences in complex and difficult places, depending on the specific situation. In this way, there are two layered meanings in the article, one is the small topic arranged in the middle, and the other is the project.
Note: From now on, the outline should use serial code. Ordinal numbers are generally divided into four layers: first, Chinese characters are lowercase one, two, three and four. , followed by a pause (the hierarchical order of subtitles does not need to be paused, it is empty); Second, half brackets and Chinese characters, such as (1); The third is Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. , followed by a dot; Fourth, semi-bracketed Arabic numerals, such as (1).
There can also be one level, two levels and three levels below. Be consistent and don't be confused.
Text: at the beginning, summarize the time and result of the matter. I can talk about how things affect me.
Second, the process is described in detail from front to back. 1. Let's go.
Weather, geography, people and psychology. 2. Arrive.
There is a scene description. Execute.
Details. Personal.
How you feel. 4. achievements.
Mood. Pointing out the meaning is the topic sentence.
Third, reiterate the meaning at the end, take care of the beginning and send out feelings. Birthday topic sentence: Birthday should be meaningful.
Content introduction (no need to write in the exam): It reflects the social phenomenon of celebrating children's birthdays, points out that this is an ideological issue related to national virtues, and advocates that birthdays should be meaningful. Structure: parallel.
Text: First, the beginning: The topic is birthday. Second, the middle: independent variable 1. Put forward the phenomenon: the social problem of holding a doll's birthday.
Quote proverbs. 2. Analysis and demonstration: (1) is related to national virtue and ideological corruption.
(It can be changed into the main sentence of the standard paragraph) (2) The evil consequences of luxury and the correct way. Third, conclusion: take care of the beginning and highlight the argument; Dialectically speaking.
This paper is accompanied by a model essay to refine these two outlines. After the outline is written, it needs to be revised.
The revision of the syllabus is a comprehensive analysis process of total-sub-total. Grasp the whole first, then analyze the parts, and then grasp the whole when analyzing the parts.
If the part is modified first, it may be deleted if it does not conform to the whole, resulting in waste. When writing at ordinary times, it is best to write a detailed outline according to the procedure.
On the other hand, in the examination room, the outline should be compiled in two aspects: detailed and concise. If there is time limit and no draft is written, the outline should be written in detail to play the role of draft.
References:
.
2. Composition Outline What is a horizontal outline is the product of the composition conception stage.
Conception is the overall design of composition, which is mainly based on abstract thinking. There is no composition without creativity, but some ideas are not easy to see because of the short time (some ideas take years).
The idea of writing symbols is an outline. Outline is both important and necessary for a composition.
However, as far as I can see, I haven't seen a relatively complete and detailed outline writing method. The following features are for your reference and correction.
First, prepare the topic. (a) the title is closely related to the theme, but it serves the theme; The title can be changed, but the theme can't be changed at will.
The leading proposition of examination composition should avoid the previous proposition and its fixed routine, and be based on foundation and practicality, giving candidates room to play. The test questions will have the flavor of the times and conform to the life and ideological reality of the candidates.
Such a proposition has a wide range of applications and strives to give candidates something to say. (2) The composition of the exam is mostly propositional composition, and there are also many conditions that allow candidates to make their own propositions after providing materials. This must be carefully and slowly examined (as well as your own proposition).
Literary composition structure: 1. Vertical development. According to the time sequence or process of the development of things, this structure is based on the direct narrative and flashback narrative of this expression.
Although flashback mentions the end or the most prominent fragment to the beginning, the subject still belongs to the vertical development type, because both the author and the reader have a clear sense of time. The clue level is clear, but it is easy to get bored.
This must pay attention to the primary and secondary details and highlight the key points. 2. Horizontal development.
According to the order of things, it is divided into several parts. Structure in scientific composition: 1.
Generally, it is written about the horizontal and static situation of objects. The parts are not closely related and independent, but * * * serves the purpose of interpretation.
A part can be omitted. The order is not so fixed.
Sequential codes, such as first, second and third, are often used. The advantages of this method are universality and strong organization.
2. progress. Generally, it is a process or transaction to write the longitudinal dynamics of an object.
Each part is gradual and indispensable, and the order cannot be reversed. The advantage of this method is that it is logical and can explain the problem.
In an article, the two methods can cross each other, that is, one method is the main one and the other method is used in a certain part, that is, the level. Structural selection usually uses only a few words.
Fifth, indicate the meaning of the layer. This part is called the outline of the full text.
There are two ways to write the main part of this outline. First, the title writing, no punctuation at the end, a few words at most, concise.
The advantage of this writing is that it is concise and easy to master (few words, short outline). The disadvantage is that others don't understand it well, and they may not understand it after a period of time.
The second is sentence writing, which is a complete sentence. The advantage of this writing is concrete and clear, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to be lengthy and not conducive to thinking.
It is best to use the two methods alternately, with titles in simple and clear places and sentences in complex and difficult places, depending on the specific situation. In this way, there are two layered meanings in the article, one is the small topic arranged in the middle, and the other is the project.
Note: From now on, the outline should use serial code. Ordinal numbers are generally divided into four layers: first, Chinese characters are lowercase one, two, three and four. , followed by a pause (the hierarchical order of subtitles does not need to be paused, it is empty); Second, half brackets and Chinese characters, such as (1); The third is Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. , followed by a dot; Fourth, semi-bracketed Arabic numerals, such as (1).
There can also be one level, two levels and three levels below. Be consistent and don't be confused.
Text: at the beginning, summarize the time and result of the matter. I can talk about how things affect me.
Second, the process is described in detail from front to back. 1. Let's go.
Weather, geography, people and psychology. 2. Arrive.
There is a scene description. Execute.
Details. Personal.
How you feel. 4. achievements.
Mood. Pointing out the meaning is the topic sentence.
Third, reiterate the meaning at the end, take care of the beginning and send out feelings. Birthday topic sentence: Birthday should be meaningful.
Content introduction (no need to write in the exam): It reflects the social phenomenon of celebrating children's birthdays, points out that this is an ideological issue related to national virtues, and advocates that birthdays should be meaningful. Structure: parallel.
Text: First, the beginning: The topic is birthday. Second, the middle: independent variable 1. Put forward the phenomenon: the social problem of holding a doll's birthday.
Quote proverbs. 2. Analysis and demonstration: (1) is related to national virtue and ideological corruption.
(It can be changed into the main sentence of the standard paragraph) (2) The evil consequences of luxury and the correct way. Third, conclusion: take care of the beginning and highlight the argument; Dialectically speaking.
This paper is accompanied by a model essay to refine these two outlines. After the outline is written, it needs to be revised.
The revision of the syllabus is a comprehensive analysis process of total-sub-total. Grasp the whole first, then analyze the parts, and then grasp the whole when analyzing the parts.
If the part is modified first, it may be deleted if it does not conform to the whole, resulting in waste. When writing at ordinary times, it is best to write a detailed outline according to the procedure.
On the other hand, in the examination room, the outline should be compiled in two aspects: detailed and concise. If there is time limit and no draft is written, the outline should be written in detail to play the role of draft.
References:
.
3. How to write clues in the composition must first determine the narrative clues.
Clues are the main thread running through the article. With this thread, the article becomes an organic whole. The clue of the article can be something, a character, a relationship, a character's spirit, a sentence, an action, a suspense, a contradiction and so on.
Second, we should arrange the order of the composition.
There is often not only one way to tell a story, but one way is the main way, combined with other ways to make the article clear and orderly.
Third, we should pay attention to the cohesion between hierarchical paragraphs, pay attention to excess and care.
The use of transition and quotation can make the content of the article coherent and complete.
First, it can be done by one person or by many people.
Second, we should pay attention to the integrity of things. When you write anything, you must explain the time, place, people and process clearly.
Third, we must grasp the occurrence, development and results of the incident. No matter what method is adopted, we should grasp the problems or contradictions of development and change to write.
Fourth, we should focus on the plot that can express the character and ideological quality of the characters. Don't keep a running account, be detailed and appropriate.
Fifth, you should have a clear central idea. Let readers know what you are writing after reading the article: criticism or praise; What to advocate or what to oppose.
4. What is the horizontal combination of writing?
Horizontal combination is to "add" a plot and a short story to an article to form a complete article. That is what we often call "horizontal structure method". ?
The overall feature of "horizontal structure method" is to use the parallel structure of "plates" to fully express people, describe events, describe scenery and express feelings from multiple angles. ?
The composition of the senior high school entrance examination adopts the "horizontal structure method". The biggest feature is that the text of the composition is clear and the main content of the article is clear at a glance. And because not many people use it, the marking teacher will give enough appreciation. ?
It is very important to master several methods of "combination" by using the conception routine of horizontal combination. The most important thing is to learn how to use subtitles in writing and connect several "blocks" in the text with subtitles.
The main ways to use subheadings are:
1. Diary title, written in the form of diary link; ?
2. Letterhead, written in paragraphs A, B, C and D; ?
3. Word titles, which consist of paragraphs derived from words such as happiness, anger, sadness and joy in spring, summer, autumn and winter; ?
4. Digital title type, in which paragraphs are marked with numbers such as (1), (2), (3) and (4); ?
5. Quote quotations and use sentences in poetry or prose as subtitles for several short stories; ?
6. Summarize the plot and use words such as "prologue", "expansion", "knot *" and "epilogue" at the beginning of the paragraph; ?
7. Summarize the content, such as "She came", "She cried" and "She smiled"; ?
8. Leaving a blank line means that there is naturally a blank line between paragraphs, and several paragraphs are juxtaposed, which is particularly eye-catching. ? Now look at the following model essay:
Looking back on life silhouette?
Sleeping bells?
In the early morning, I vaguely heard the sound of an alarm clock in a misty dream, so I woke up suddenly and sat up with a stumble. Rub your eyes, open the sixth book and recite English. After class, I memorized the vocabulary and the irregular verb list. It was so quiet around, only my gentle endorsement. ?
It's not light yet. I think today's review is really efficient. I will continue to recite it with great interest. Suddenly a clear and loud alarm clock startled me. Turn around, it's just six o'clock, it's time to get up! ?
Whose alarm clock woke me up early, which gave me more time to review. I can't help saying to myself: If Mo Daojun leaves early, there will be more early pedestrians. ?
Snoring in exam class?
The third class in the morning is math. Teacher Zhang came, with a big stack of paper in his hand. We are sensitive to know that it is another exam class, so there is a sigh in the classroom. ?
Three big papers have been published, and the students are working hard. The classroom is very quiet, and the students are constantly turning over the papers and making a slight noise. ? Teacher Zhang is patrolling the classroom, watching while walking. Almost at the same time, he and his classmates heard a very rare sound in class-snoring. Looking inside, I saw Li Ping's head tilted on the math paper and slept soundly and sweetly.
The teacher went over and stared at him for a long time, and finally woke him up. Then the teacher said loudly, "You are sleeping at a higher and higher level. I don't know who made you work so hard! " ?
Applause at night self-study
Monday's evening self-study belongs to the Chinese teacher. Teacher Xiao came in with a smile. He said mysteriously, "Tonight, I ask you to write your graduation speech and give you free time." ?
Applause sounded, and Mr. Xiao booed everywhere. Some people stick out their tongues, some people laugh, and the applause soon stops.
Everyone is very excited. Thank you very much for your understanding, which adds a touch of youth to our monotonous review life. ?
However, in the following self-study, it is a bit bad for him to "point the topic": "If the composition of the senior high school entrance examination involves graduation speech, then our class will be very valuable." ?
This is an article with a horizontal structure. The author uses the method of "lens silhouette" to combine three short stories that are juxtaposed and internally related, reflecting the life of book review from different angles. Each "shot" is guided by different subtitles to highlight its central content. The lens looks a little scattered, but it's actually strung together by Review of Life?
Writing such an article can also be conceived by "total silhouette method", that is, first choose lyric, discussion and narrative methods, then make a general statement, then select the highlights of life to reflect life from different angles, and finally make a general statement, or lyric or discussion. This will be more complete.
The same is true of how to arrange clues to write articles. When the author chooses a clue that can drive everything, he can connect all kinds of materials in series to form an organic whole. An important task of the conception of the work is to determine the narrative clues. Only when the clues are determined can the plot structure be placed. Clues can be divided into narrative clues, lyric clues and logical clues according to their functions. According to how many can be divided into single line, double line, multi-line; According to the degree of importance, it can be divided into main line and secondary line; According to the degree of concealment, it can be divided into bright lines and dark lines. Here are a few examples to talk about the use of clues in the article for students' reference. First, take the scenery as the clue, and the pictures describing the scenery as the clue that runs through the article, such as Yan Lu's prose "Listening to the Tide", which depicts three pictures. First of all, the author draws a picture of the sleeping sea, and captures the concrete images: waves kissing rocks, moonlight splitting Ting Yun, and the sea meditating and rendering at his feet. The second painting shows the rising tide of the sea: the waves gurgle and exhale like bells, cymbals and drums, like people just waking up and yawning, highlighting the vibrant beauty of the sea; Then copy the angry tide map of the sea, the sea is surging, thunder is roaring, and all kinds of voices are mixed, showing the majestic beauty. The full text forms a unique and complete image with the change of the scene. Second, Yang Shuo's essay "Litchi Honey" takes the author's thoughts and feelings about bees as the main line, and advances it layer by layer.